
计划在全国范围内部署的1000名联邦选举监察员,在选举日看似数量众多,但11月3日举行备受关注选举的几个州的顶级选举官员告诉MS NOW,这是一场为取悦一位听众而精心策划的表演——总统唐纳德·特朗普。
The 1,000 federal election monitors set to deploy across the country for Election Day may look like a big number, but top election officials in states holding closely-watched races on November 3, tell MS NOW it’s a show orchestrated to please an audience of one — President Donald Trump.
他们补充说,尽管特朗普政府关于监察员的言论大肆渲染,但官员们更担心的是,特朗普在11月3日之前或当天部署的某个临时X因素会干扰某人的投票能力,但选举监察员并非他们噩梦场景清单上的首要问题。
And, they add, for all the bluster coming out of the administration about monitors, the officials are more worried about a last-minute X-factor deployed by Trump to disrupt someone’s ability to vote before or on November 3, but election monitors are not at the top of their list of nightmare scenarios.
司法部尚未宣布这1000人将被派往何处,但声称这是“司法部历史上最大规模的监察行动”。事实并非如此:司法部此前在2004年曾部署过超过1400名联邦投票监察员。
The Justice Department has yet to announce where the 1,000 will be sent, but claims it’s the “largest monitoring effort in Department history.”It’s not: DOJ previously deployed more than 1,400 federal poll watchers in 2004.
接受MS NOW采访的全国各州高级选举官员和前司法部官员表示,即将派遣的这1000人数量太少,不足以产生有害影响。相反,他们说,这是司法部政治任命官员为让特朗普高兴而做的尝试,更大的风险是这会劝阻人们前来投票,而非在选举日阻止或干扰他们的投票。
terviews with MS NOW, senior election officials in states across the country and former DOJ officials say the 1,000 set to be dispatched is too small a number to have a detrimental effect. Instead, they say, it is an attempt by DOJ political appointees to make Trump happy, and the greater risk is that it dissuades people from showing up to vote, rather than blocking or disrupting their vote on Election Day.
所有接受MS NOW采访的首席选举官员表示,司法部民权司下属的选举监察员计划正被特朗普政府扭曲——被用于从未预期的方式,其唯一目的是助长广泛选举舞弊和投票系统被操纵的阴谋论。
All of the chief election officials who spoke to MS NOW say the Justice Department’s election monitor program under the civil rights division is being distorted by the Trump administration — used in ways never intended and all to feed the conspiracy of widespread fraud and a rigged voting system.
十几个州中关键中期选举州的官员告诉MS NOW,他们尚未收到司法部关于选举监察员将被派往何处的消息,但一名正式的司法部官员表示,这不一定属于异常情况。
Officials in more than half a dozen states with key midterm races told MS NOW they have not heard from the Justice Department about where election monitors will be dispatched, but a formal DOJ official says that’s not necessarily abnormal.
前司法部律师贾斯汀·莱维特曾参与奥巴马政府时期的选举监督项目。据他介绍,在以往的选举中,司法部通常会在选举周最后一周,也就是临近选举日的前几天,才会公布将派遣选举监督员的地区名单。
In past elections, DOJ has released the list of jurisdictions where it will deploy election monitors in the final week, often days before Election Day, said Justin Levitt, a former Justice Department attorney who helped oversee the election monitor program during the Obama administration.
“我完全理解为何民众会感到恐慌,”莱维特说道,“但这个项目的初衷并非制造混乱。”作为司法部民权司的副助理司法部长,莱维特指出,仅有一千名监督员的数量实在太少,难以产生广泛影响;仅密歇根州韦恩县一地就设有约500个投票站。
“I completely understand why people are freaked out,” said Levitt. “But this program isn’t designed for disruption.”Levitt, who served as deputy assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s civil rights division, said a thousand monitors is too small a number to have widespread impact, noting that for perspective Wayne County, Michigan has some 500 polling locations alone.
莱维特表示,任何试图破坏选举的计划“都会在某个环节遭遇巨大的现实障碍——无论是实际操作层面还是法律层面”。他补充道:“虽然有很多手段可以干扰选举相关信息传播,但真正破坏选举本身却行不通。”他还指出,各州选举官员很可能也早已设想过类似情形。
Levitt says every scenario to disrupt the election “runs into a giant screaming pragmatic, logistical, or legal problem at some point along the way,” he said. “While there are lots of ways to disrupt the messaging and the communication, actually disrupting the elections doesn’t work,” adding that most state election officials have likely run through those same scenarios.
内华达州国务卿西斯科·阿吉拉尔则称,联邦选举监督员的到来并非他最担忧的问题。他担心的是特朗普政府可能试图干预11月选举,而此次监督员部署很可能是为了散布有关非公民不得投票的虚假信息,从而“劝退部分民众不去投票”。
Nevada Secretary of State Cisco Aguilar said the federal election monitors are not at the top of his list of concerns related to possible efforts by the Trump administration to interfere in the November elections. The expected deployment is an attempt to spread disinformation around noncitizens that could “dissuade somebody from voting,” he says.
“最危险的情况就是:民众因政府炮制的虚假言论而选择放弃投票,”阿吉拉尔在接受采访时说道。
“That’s the most dangerous thing: is somebody choosing not to vote because of the false narrative the administration has created around elections,” Aguilar said in an interview.
“我们准备好迎接他们,”他谈到监察员时说。“只要他们遵守规则,并明白这不是试图制造混乱或闹事,他们就受欢迎,而且应该提醒他们,在内华达州,恐吓选民是重罪,骚扰投票站工作人员和选举工作人员也是重罪。”阿吉拉的观点得到亚利桑那州、威斯康星州和缅因州选举官员的认同,他们强调各自州的法律很明确。他们都将联邦选举监察员列为来自联邦政府威胁评估中的低风险。
“We’re ready for them,” he said of the monitors. “And they’re welcome as long as they follow the rules and understand that this is not an attempt to create chaos or to cause a scene, and they should be reminded that in Nevada it’s a felony to intimidate a voter, but it’s also a felony to harass a poll worker and an election worker.”Aguilar’s sentiment is echoed by election officials in Arizona, Wisconsin and Maine, who stressed the laws in their states are clear. They all ranked election monitors as low on their assessment of threats from the federal government.
“根据缅因州法律,任何人,包括联邦官员,都不能在投票站恐吓或干涉选民,”缅因州州务卿谢娜·贝洛斯说。“我们打算严格执行这些法律。”贝洛斯说,当地书记官已被指示立即向她办公室报告任何事件。
“Under Maine law, no one, including federal officials, can intimidate or interfere with a voter in the polling place,” said Maine Secretary of State Shenna Bellows. “We intend to enforce those laws strictly.”Bellows said local clerks have been told to escalate any incidents immediately to her office.
利维特说,哈米特·迪隆试图控制的是信息空间,她是司法部民权司负责人。
The information space is what Levitt said Harmeet Dhillon, head of DOJ’s civil rights division, is trying to control.
过去两个月里,迪隆多次接受右翼媒体采访,谈及她计划为中期选举向全国各地选定的投票站派遣1000名联邦选举监察员。虽然司法部声称他们“非常接近”这一数字,但迪隆表示希望“能派出2000名监察员”。她还详细阐述了这些选举监察员的角色,称他们将与以往选举观察员的运作方式类似,“绝不会以任何方式干预”。司法部向MS NOW表示,选举监察员将由司法部律师和刑事检察官担任。利维特说,派遣检察官并非常态,通常只有民事律师会担任观察员。
Throughout the past two months, Dhillon has spoken to multiple right-wing media outlets about her plan to send 1,000 federal election monitors to select polling sites across the country for the midterm elections. While the Justice Department claims they are “pretty close” to that figure, Dhillon expressed wishes that she “could deliver 2,000 monitors.”She also elaborated on the role of these election monitors, saying that they will be operating similarly to previous election observers and “are not going to be interfering in any way.”Election monitors will be DOJ attorneys and criminal prosecutors, the Justice Department told MS NOW. Dispatching prosecutors is not normal, typically only civil attorneys would serve as observers, said Levitt.
虽然特朗普任命的保守派文化斗士迪隆每周都会吹嘘选举监督员的数量,但自2013年最高法院削弱1965年《投票权法案》核心条款的裁决以来,该项目实际上已经大幅缩减。在最高法院裁决之前,选举监督员和观察员会以大规模人数遍布全国,但2013年的裁决取消了部分联邦投票观察员的关键授权。
Though Dhillon, a conservative culture warrior tapped for the job by Trump, boasts on a near weekly basis about the number of election monitors, the program itself has largely shrunk since a 2013 Supreme Court decision that weakened a pillar of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Prior to the Supreme Court ruling, election monitors and observers would fan out across the country in large numbers but the 2013 ruling eliminated a key authority for some of the federal poll watchers.
“所有监督员必须满足相同的法律和道德要求,包括不干涉投票过程,”司法部发言人基尔斯滕·佩尔斯说。“司法部人员接受培训并遵守所有管理投票站行为的联邦法律。”司法部发言人对MS NOW表示,监督员不会自称为检察官。司法部发言人补充说,每位监督员的职责相同,即观察潜在的联邦法律违规行为,并将担忧上报给司法部,司法部将在选举日后进行审查,并在认为适当的情况下采取行动。司法部告诉MS NOW,没有其他联邦官员或联邦执法人员会陪同司法部监督员进行部署。
“All monitors must meet the same legal and ethical requirements, including that they not interfere with the voting process,” said Kiersten Pels, a Justice Department spokesperson. “Department personnel are trained on and comply with every federal law governing conduct at polling places,” Monitors will not identify themselves as prosecutors, the DOJ spokesperson told MS NOW. The DOJ spokesperson added that every monitor has the same role to observe for potential violations of federal law and report concerns to the department, which it will review after Election Day and take action where it determines is appropriate. DOJ told MS NOW that no other federal officials or federal law enforcement will accompany the DOJ monitors in their deployment.
实际上,选举监督员在投票站内可进入的空间受到限制,有时甚至完全不允许进入投票地点:在明尼苏达州,地方官员有权拒绝监督员进入,就像他们在八月党内初选期间所做的那样,要求监督员站在投票站外100英尺处。
In reality, election monitors are limited in the spaces they can access at polling sites, and sometimes are not allowed inside voting locations at all: In Minnesota, local officials have the authority to deny monitors entry, as they did during the August primary, requiring them to stand 100 feet outside.
在内华达州和缅因州,监督员必须待在指定区域,位于“护栏”后面,且在选民投票时不得靠近他们。
In Nevada and Maine, monitors have to remain in designated areas, behind a “guardrail” and cannot approach people while they’re voting.
在其他一些州,如俄克拉荷马州,监督员在投票进行期间不得进入投票站。
In other states, like Oklahoma, monitors are not allowed to enter polling sites while voting is ongoing.
在俄亥俄州,只有在州官员特别允许的情况下,监督员才被允许进入 ballots 被汇总的选举中心。
In Ohio, monitors are only allowed into an election center where ballots are tabulated if specifically allowed by state officials.
司法部监督人员必须遵守各州规定的规则,如果被发现具有破坏性,可能会被投票站官员移除。
DOJ monitors are required to follow rules dictated by each state and can be removed by poll officials if they’re found to be disruptive.
接受MS NOW采访的一些州选举官员推测,这些监督人员可能试图在选举后收集信息以用于调查。州官员正在为可能的特朗普政府法律挑战做准备,该挑战基于选举舞弊或非公民投票的指控——后者并不普遍,但特朗普却以此为号召,虚假宣称美国选举被操纵。
Some of the state election officials who spoke to MS NOW speculated the monitors may try to gather information for an investigation post-election. State officials are bracing for possible Trump administration legal challenges based on allegations of fraud or noncitizens voting — the latter of which is not widespread but has become a rallying cry for Trump as he falsely says U.S. elections are rigged.
事实上,许多官员表示,他们正在为非监督人员的情况做准备,而是应对可能由病毒式虚假信息引发的最后时刻混乱——这些信息涉及联邦特工在投票站的存在,可能吓退选民,或移民与海关执法局(ICE)在社区中的增加存在但不在投票站内,或者选举后几天可能发生的情况。
In fact, many noted that they’re gearing up not for monitors but potential last-minute chaos injected by viral disinformation about federal agents at polls that could scare way voters or an increased presence of ICE in neighborhoods but not at polling sites, or what could happen in the days after.
亚利桑那州的一位资深选举官员,因希望坦诚发言而要求匿名,告诉MS NOW,他们已为特朗普政府可能带来的任何情况做好准备,以防该州选举出现争议。
A senior election official in Arizona, who requested anonymity in order to speak candidly, told MS NOW they are prepared for every scenario the Trump administration may throw their way should the elections in their state be contested.
“我们正尽最大努力与地方和州执法部门、检察官紧密协调,并让法庭做好准备,以便他们能够尽快看到和听到我们的辩词,”该官员表示。
“We’re coordinating as closely as we can with local and state law enforcement, with prosecutors, and getting the courts ready so that they can see and hear our pleadings as quickly as possible,” the official said.
“我们对在选举后程序中充分运用实际法律的全部力量毫无保留。”该人士补充道,试图在中期选举中制造怀疑的行为可能会适得其反,并参考了早期投票人数。
“We don’t have any misgivings about bearing down the full weight of the actual rule of law in post-election proceedings.”And, the person added, the attempts to sow doubt in the midterm elections just may backfire on the administration, pointing to early turnout numbers.
“这种选举干涉确实激发了一批可能本来不会在中期选举中投票的选民,”亚利桑那州的资深选举官员说道。
“This election interference has really fired up a base of voters who may not have typically voted in midterms,” said the senior election official in Arizona.