巴西航空业担心即将实施的消费税改革可能导致票价上涨、客运增长放缓，因为巴西总统大选竞争激烈，加剧了人们对明年生效政策的不确定性。
Brazil's airline industry fears that the implementation of an impending consumption tax reform could raise fares and curb passenger growth, as the country's tight presidential election fans uncertainty over a policy due to kick in next year.
总统竞选中的领跑者、右翼参议员弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗承诺修改该改革的部分内容。该改革于2023年获批，计划从2027年起逐步用双重增值税体系取代多种税种。
Right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, frontrunner in the presidential race, has pledged to revise parts of the reform, which was approved in 2023 and is due to gradually replace multiple taxes with a dual value-added tax system from 2027.
博尔索纳罗将在10月25日的决选中对阵左翼总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦，后者一直是该改革的坚定支持者。
Bolsonaro faces leftist President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who has championed the reform, in a runoff on October 25.
行业高管表示，该计划中的改革将使机票的实际税负从大约9%提高至约26.5%，进一步增加燃油价格已高的行业成本。
The planned reform would lift the effective tax burden on tickets to about 26.5% from roughly 9%, industry executives say, further raising costs in a sector facing higher fuel prices.
国际航空运输协会（IATA）估计，该改革将导致国内票价上涨16.1%、国际票价上涨13.3%，从而使年客运量下降21%，相当于约2500万名乘客的减少。
Airline lobby group IATA estimates it would increase domestic ticket prices by 16.1% and international fares by 13.3%, leading to a 21% annual fall in passenger traffic, the equivalent of about 25 million fewer passengers.
IATA已要求政府要么推迟实施，要么对航空业采用较低税率，认为该行业更广泛的经济重要性应被考虑进去。IATA美洲区副总裁彼得·塞尔达对路透社如此表示。
IATA has asked the government either to delay implementation or adopt a reduced rate for aviation, arguing that the sector's broader economic importance should be taken into account, its vice president for the Americas, Peter Cerda, told Reuters.
他还说，更高的税负将冲击旅游和货运业，因为巴西正试图吸引更多游客，而税负上升将通过提高产品和服务成本在经济中产生连锁反应。巴西财政部拒绝置评。
The higher tax burden would hit tourism and cargo transport as Brazil seeks to attract more visitors and ripple through the economy by raising the cost of products and services, he said. Brazil's Finance Ministry declined to comment.
博尔索纳罗在第一轮投票中领先，他表示其团队正在研究通过宪法修正案来修改改革的部分内容，因为预期的增值税税率过高。
Bolsonaro, who finished ahead in the first round, has said his team is studying constitutional amendments to revise parts of the reform because the expected VAT rate is too high.
塞尔达表示，选举和税收框架的不确定性使行业陷入困境，并补充称，IATA已会见卢拉内阁成员，包括副总统杰拉尔多·阿尔克明，以表达其担忧。
The uncertainty surrounding both the election and the tax framework has left the industry in a difficult position, Cerda said, adding that IATA had met members of Lula's cabinet, including Vice President Geraldo Alckmin, to press its concerns.
如果卢拉总统再次当选，许多部长将会更换，这将要求我们再次坐下来与同一届政府进行对话，以与新的行动者进行交流，塞尔达说。
"If President Lula is elected again, many of the ministers will change, and that will require us to sit down again with the same government to talk to new actors," Cerda said.
如果博尔索纳罗获胜，我们必须看看税收改革的未来会是什么样子，他补充道。
"If Bolsonaro is to win, we have to see what will be the future of the tax reform," he added.
拉美巴西航空公司（LTM.SN）首席执行官杰罗姆·卡迪尔表示，该改革将主要影响休闲旅客，因为为商务出行购买机票的公司将能够在增值税制度下申请已缴税款的抵免。
The reform will primarily affect leisure travelers because companies purchasing tickets for corporate trips would be able to claim credits on taxes paid under the VAT system, said LATAM Brasil (LTM.SN) CEO Jerome Cadier.
卡迪尔对记者表示，乘客将支付更多费用，他指出，虽然实施将在未来八年逐步进行，但机票税的上升可能会抑制行业预期的需求增长。
"The passenger will pay more," Cadier told reporters, noting that while implementation would be gradual over the next eight years, higher taxes on tickets were likely to curb the demand growth the industry had expected.
卡迪尔表示，取消喷气燃油的州级ICMS税将使航空公司受益，但无法抵消票务销售税大幅上升的影响。
The elimination of the ICMS state tax on jet fuel would benefit airlines, but not offset a steep increase in taxes charged on ticket sales, Cadier said.