一名护士在内罗毕医院工作。一名肯尼亚男子在刚果民主共和国生病后返回内罗毕，随后去世。
A nurse works at Nairobi hospital. A Kenyan man fell ill in DRC before returning to Nairobi, where he later died.
反对美国主导的肯尼亚隔离中心的声音随之而来，此前美国进行了广泛的资金削减并退出了世界卫生组织。肯尼亚出现该国首次埃博拉病毒聚集性病例，第三人检测出对邦迪布吉奥埃博拉病毒呈阳性。与此同时，历史上第二大规模的埃博拉疫情正在该地区肆虐，已导致超过4300人死亡，超过9000人感染。
Opposition to US-led quarantine center in Kenya follows sweeping funding cuts and withdrawal from WHO third person in Kenya has tested positive for Bundibugyo ebolavirus in the country’s first-ever cluster of Ebola cases, as the second-largest outbreak in history kills more than 4,300 and sickens more than 9,000 people in the region.
这凸显了美国在日益恶化的埃博拉疫情中所扮演的角色日益削弱——通过在肯尼亚建设有争议的隔离中心、全球范围内撤回卫生援助，以及禁止某些国家的旅客入境。所有这些行为也削弱了识别和应对疫情的能力，并加剧了不信任。
It highlights the diminished role the US has played in the worsening Ebola outbreak by building a controversial quarantine center in Kenya, pulling back health support globally, and banning travelers from certain countries. All of this has also reduced the ability to identify and respond to the outbreak and exacerbated mistrust.
美国在肯尼亚莱基皮亚空军基地设立了一个有争议的隔离中心，要求从刚果民主共和国返回的美国人在此进行隔离。该中心遭到当地人反对，引发了对肯尼亚政府的不信任，导致抗议活动，并促使肯尼亚法院下令暂停该中心的运作。
The US created a controversial quarantine center at Kenya’s Laikipia air base, where Americans returning from the Democratic Republic of the Congo would be required to quarantine. The center, opposed by locals, has stirred distrust in the Kenyan government, leading to protests and a Kenyan court ordering a halt to the center.
“许多肯尼亚人担心的事实是，没有提供信息，人们不知道为什么要设立这个隔离地点，谁实际上会使用它，以及这一决定是基于什么，”肯尼亚法律与伦理问题网络（Kelin）艾滋病与艾滋病执行主任阿兰·马莱切说。他表示，该诉讼将在11月作出裁决。
“Many Kenyans were concerned about the fact that there was no information and people did not know why the quarantine place was being set up, who was actually going to use it, and what had informed that,” said Allan Maleche, executive director of the Kenya Legal & Ethical Issues Network on HIV and Aids (Kelin). The litigation will be decided in November, he said.
与此同时，肯尼亚人“对政府关于埃博拉的任何信息都非常谨慎，”马莱切说。
In the meantime, Kenyans are “very cautious around any information that is being given by the government around Ebola”, Maleche said.
一些质疑美国是否有法律权利在外国土壤上隔离美国公民并阻止他们返回 homeland 的美国人正在反对该隔离中心，而肯尼亚正面临其首次埃博拉病例。
Americans who questioned whether the US has the legal authority to quarantine Americans on foreign soil and prevent them from returning home are pushing back against the quarantine center as Kenya faces its first Ebola cases.
“这是否仍是美国可行的解决方案？”布朗大学公共卫生学院疫情中心主任詹妮弗·努佐问道。“我们是否不仅给肯尼亚政府带来了不应有的负担，使其难以应对，而且这是否是将美国人送往的最安全之地？”努佐指出，美国已经拥有“世界一流”的埃博拉治疗单位。
“Is this still a viable solution for the US?” asked Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the pandemic center at Brown University school of public health. “Are we posing not only an undue burden on the Kenyan government to be able to handle this, but also is this the safest place to be bringing Americans?”The US already has “world-class” Ebola treatment units, Nuzzo pointed out.
“美国纳税人正是为这一目的而建设这些单位的，而我们竟然要让它们闲置，这让我难以理解，”她说。在之前的疫情爆发中，病情活跃的患者曾被安全撤离到这些中心，在那里康复且未导致病毒进一步传播。
“American taxpayers built these units for precisely this purpose, and it’s mind-boggling to me that we’re going to leave them empty,” she said. In previous outbreaks, actively ill patients have been evacuated safely to these centers, where they have recovered without further spread of the virus.
这种不安源于美国在全球范围内对卫生援助的广泛削减，包括美国国际开发署（USAID）的解体，以及美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）等卫生机构的资金和人员削减。
The unease follows sweeping cuts to US health support across the world, with the demolition of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and cuts to funding and staff at health agencies like the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
10月1日，CDC关闭了在安哥拉和南苏丹的艾滋病预防办公室，并计划关闭在津巴布韦的办公室。美国已在全球范围内削减项目——包括刚果民主共和国，埃博拉疫情爆发的中心地，以及其他国家如肯尼亚，这些国家正在为病例增加做准备，因为疫情正在扩散。
On 1 October, the CDC closed HIV prevention offices in Angola and South Sudan, with plans to close offices in Zimbabwe. The US has slashed programs across the world – including DR Congo, where the Ebola outbreak is centered, and other countries, like Kenya, bracing for cases as the outbreak widens.
“美国在没有任何指导的情况下首先削减了对艾滋病的资金，这让我们有了很多担忧，”马莱切说。“这导致诊所关闭。这也导致人们中出现了很多焦虑。”
“We have had a lot of concerns after the US first cut funding for HIV promptly without any direction,” Maleche said. “It led to clinics closing. It led to a lot of anxiety among people.”
美国目前正在与每个国家谈判双边协议，包括肯尼亚——这一过程一直笼罩在秘密之中，马莱切说。“目前还不清楚计划是什么，谁在推进它，以及它将涉及什么内容。”数十年项目的削减意味着受影响的国家和美国对情况的了解减少，此外，预防和遏制疫情爆发的能力也被削弱。“当你削减这些项目时，不仅会让这些国家在应对日常威胁方面准备不足，还意味着它们在应对未来紧急情况方面也准备不足，”努佐说。
The US is now negotiating bilateral agreements with each country, including Kenya – a process that has been mired in secrecy, Maleche said. “It’s not very clear what’s the plan, who’s rolling it out, and what will be involved.”Cuts to decades-long programs mean the affected countries and the US have less insight into what’s happening, in addition to a lessened ability to prevent and stop outbreaks. “When you pull back on those, not only do you leave those countries less prepared to deal with that day-to-day threat, but it also means that they’re less prepared to deal with future emergencies,” Nuzzo said.
美国于今年1月正式退出世界卫生组织（WHO），这使得在这类危机中的合作变得更加困难。当美国退出WHO时，它也“撤回了一大笔资金”，马莱切说。这也意味着WHO的应对能力也被“削弱”了，他说。
The US officially left the World Health Organization (WHO) in January, making it much harder to collaborate on the response to crises like these. When the US left the WHO, it also “pulled out a substantial amount of funding”, said Maleche. That means the WHO’s response has also been “weakened”, he said.
一名肯尼亚男子在刚果民主共和国生病后，先乘车前往乌干达，随后于10月3日飞抵内罗毕，两天后在医院去世。周三，官员宣布，一名密切接触者——据报道是一名39岁男子，是首位患者的家庭成员——在隔离期间出现了症状。周五，官员又宣布了一例病例——一名65岁女性，与前两位患者关系密切。
A Kenyan man fell ill in DRC before traveling by road to Uganda and then flying to Nairobi on 3 October, where he died in a hospital two days later. On Wednesday, officials announced that a close contact –reportedly a 39-year-old man who is a family member of the first patient – developed symptoms while quarantining. And on Friday, officials a third case – a 65-year-old woman closely related to the first two patients.
肯尼亚卫生部指出，接触者追踪和隔离工作取得了成功。目前约有108人在内罗毕被隔离。
Kenya’s ministry of health pointed to the success of contact tracing and quarantine. About 108 people have been quarantined in Nairobi.
“接触者追踪系统运行良好”是普遍看法，马莱切说。但肯尼亚人也在疑惑，为何会出现“许多漏洞”，导致一名病患跨国旅行。自5月起，刚果民主共和国与乌干达之间的边境一直关闭。乌干达在8月被宣布为无埃博拉疫情国家，此前曾报告20例病例和2例死亡。
“The general feeling is that the contact tracing systems are working,” Maleche said. But Kenyans are also wondering why there were “many lapses” that resulted in a sick person traveling across countries. The border between DRC and Uganda has been closed since May. Uganda was declared Ebola-free in August after earlier reporting 20 cases and two deaths.
一名法国医生6月从刚果民主共和国返回后检测呈阳性，且有多名美国人从刚果民主共和国被撤离到欧洲接受埃博拉治疗或监测。
A French doctor who returned from DRC in June tested positive, and several Americans have been evacuated from DRC to Europe for Ebola treatment or monitoring.
在肯尼亚，“最大的担忧是其他国家将如何应对”疫情，旅行禁令是特别令人担忧的问题，马莱切说。美国在5月疫情被发现后，对刚果民主共和国及邻国乌干达和南苏丹实施了旅行禁令，但马莱切说，如果美国在此情况下实施旅行禁令，那就“非常具有讽刺意味”，因为美国在肯尼亚设有隔离中心。
In Kenya, “the biggest fear is around how will other countries react” to the outbreak, with travel bans a particular worry, Maleche said. The US put travel bans in place from DRC and neighboring Uganda and South Sudan once the outbreak was detected in May, but it would be “very ironic” if the US instituted travel bans, given its quarantine center in Kenya, Maleche said.
佐治亚州民主党参议员拉斐尔·沃诺克和路易斯安那州共和党参议员比尔·卡西迪于6月致信参议院拨款委员会，反对特朗普政府削减艾滋病预防和监测的计划。
Senator Raphael Warnock, a Democrat from Georgia, and Senator Bill Cassidy, a Republican from Louisiana, penned a letter in June to the Senate appropriations committee opposing the Trump administration’s plans to cut back on HIV prevention and monitoring.
沃诺克在一份声明中表示，解散美国国际开发署、退出世界卫生组织以及突然削减对外援助，“正在削弱我们的疫情防备能力”，并“严重削弱了我们保护美国人免受传染病威胁的能力”。
Dismantling of USAID, withdrawing from the WHO, and abruptly cutting foreign aid cuts is “degrading our outbreak preparedness” and has “seriously weakened our ability to keep Americans safe from infectious disease”, Warnock said in a statement.
“这些对全球卫生资金的削减导致国际疾病监测基础设施被侵蚀，而该基础设施本来能帮助我们在威胁如埃博拉到达我们海岸之前发现它们——就在世界最需要美国领导力的时候。”他说，美国应该加强这些体系，而不是抛弃它们。
“These cuts to global health funding have led to the erosion of international disease-monitoring infrastructure that helps us catch threats like Ebola before they reach our shores, at a time when the world needs American leadership most.”The US should be strengthening these systems, not abandoning them, he said.
努佐同意。她说：“这关乎于了解其他国家的系统和状况，在这些国家拥有眼睛和耳朵，以便在出现异常情况时及时发现，并尽可能早地获取这些信息。”她表示，这既有利于美国，也有利于这些国家本身。
Nuzzo agreed. “It’s about having an understanding of the systems and the conditions in other countries, and eyes and ears in those countries to detect when something out of the ordinary happens, and to get that information as early as possible,” she said. That benefits the US and the countries themselves, she said.
她补充说，像艾滋病预防这样的工作“可以被重新利用”。“你拥有与临床护理的联系，有能力调动药物，有能力进行实验室检测，有能力转移样本——所有这些能力都是在其他疾病紧急情况下你会用到的。”
Work like HIV prevention “can be repurposed”, she added. “You have connections with clinical care, the ability to move medicines, the ability to conduct laboratory tests. the ability to move specimens around – all of those capacities are things that you would use in other disease emergencies.”