东京 — 由于向电动汽车的转变进展低于预期，全球电动汽车电池回收能力仍未得到充分利用，供应链也日益集中在中国。
TOKYO -- Worldwide recycling capacity for EV batteries remains underused as an anticipated switch to electric vehicles has been slower than expected and the supply chain becomes concentrated in China.
美国Mobility Global的数据显示，2025年锂离子电池的回收能力总计为420万吨，但实际被丢弃的此类电池仅有67万吨。
Recycling capacity for lithium-ion batteries totaled 4.2 million metric tons in 2025, data from U.S.-based Mobility Global shows, but only 670,000 tons of such batteries were discarded.
这种产能过剩预计将持续至2030年，届时预计将是被丢弃电池量的约四倍。
The overcapacity is expected to continue through 2030, projected to be around four times the discarded amount.
电动汽车用锂离子电池含有大量钴、镍等关键金属。回收这些材料可将其重新投入经济循环，并减少对进口的依赖。
Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles contain large amounts of such critical metals as cobalt and nickel. Recycling can return those materials to the economy and ease dependence on imports.
中国在全球电动汽车电池产量中占比超过80%，并控制着大约80%的回收能力。
China holds a more than 80% share of global EV battery production and controls roughly 80% of recycling capacity.
电池供应商宁德时代及汽车制造商参与电池回收业务，利用其主营业务的收益增加处理能力。政府通过工厂建设补贴支持了相关投资。
Battery supplier CATL and automakers are involved in battery recycling, using earnings from their main businesses to add processing capacity. The government has supported investment through subsidies for factory construction.
美国和欧洲也在推动电池回收的研发，旨在降低对关键金属进口的依赖。然而，电动汽车需求未达预期，回收利用率仍然偏低。
The U.S. and Europe have also promoted research and development on battery recycling, looking to cut reliance on imports of critical metals. Yet EV demand has fallen short of projections, and recycling usage rates are low.
在美国，特朗普政府对电动汽车转型的支持削减，打击了新建电池工厂的计划。截至2025财年末，约有10座美国电池工厂的建设被取消或叫停，达拉斯联邦储备银行报告称。
In the U.S., the Trump administration's cutbacks to support for the EV transition have dealt a blow to plans for new battery factories. Construction has been canceled or stalled for about 10 American battery plants as of the end of fiscal 2025, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas reports.
美国电池回收初创公司Ascend Elements因肯塔基州一座正在建设中的工厂盈利前景恶化及政府补贴被削减，于4月申请第11章破产保护。加拿大回收商Li-Cycle亦在2025年申请破产保护。日本和欧洲的工厂建设也出现延迟或停滞。
U.S. battery recycling startup Ascend Elements filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in April after the profitability outlook for a plant being built in the state of Kentucky worsened and government subsidies were cut. Canadian recycler Li-Cycle filed for bankruptcy protection in 2025. Plant construction is being delayed or halted in Japan and Europe as well.
日本JX先进金属公司开发出从电动汽车电池中高效回收锂的技术，但计划推迟其2030年的商业化目标。德国化工集团巴斯夫已暂停在西班牙和加拿大计划建设的回收设施施工。
Japan's JX Advanced Metals has developed technology to efficiently recover lithium from EV batteries, yet it plans to push back its 2030 commercialization target. German chemical group BASF has suspended construction of recycling facilities planned in Spain and Canada.
由于磷酸铁锂（LFP）电池的使用日益增加，电池回收投资的激励措施预计将恶化。这类电池不需要钴，因此可回收的贵金属较少。
Incentives for investment in battery recycling are expected to worsen due to the growing use of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. These do not require cobalt, so there is less valuable metal to recover.
国际能源署报告称，去年磷酸铁锂电池占所有电动汽车电池的比重超过55%，较2024年增加了5个百分点。
LFP batteries accounted for over 55% of all EV batteries last year, a 5 percentage point increase from 2024, the International Energy Agency reports.
虽然中国已将国内电动汽车转向磷酸铁锂电池，但它正努力从其他国家收集废弃电池。
While China has shifted to LFP batteries for domestic EVs, it is working to collect discarded batteries from other countries.
2025年8月，中国解除对黑粉进口的禁令，黑粉是由破碎电池制成的废料，以提高回收厂的利用率。
In August 2025, the country lifted a ban on imports of black mass, a scrap material made from crushed batteries, to raise recycling plant usage.
商品追踪公司Argus Media的金属和废料亚洲编辑Chi Hin Ling表示，随着中国企业争夺关键金属的竞争在全球蔓延，其他市场的供应正在减少。
As competition among Chinese companies to obtain critical metals spreads worldwide, supplies in other markets is shrinking, said Chi Hin Ling, Asia editor for metals and scrap at commodities tracker Argus Media.
日本约80%的废旧电动汽车最终会被出口，因此确保可回收电池仍然是一个挑战。住友金属矿山公司于9月完成该国首座电动汽车电池回收厂，该公司从欧洲、美国及其他渠道进口黑粉。该公司还与贸易公司住友商事合作，进口澳大利亚及其他地区回收得到的黑粉。
Around 80% of Japan's used EVs are eventually exported, so securing batteries to recycle remains a challenge. Sumitomo Metal Mining, which completed the country's first EV battery recycling plant in September, imports black mass from Europe, the U.S. and other sources. The company is also working with trading house Sumitomo Corp. to import black mass recovered in Australia and elsewhere.