最高法院周一同意审理一项联邦法律的合法性，该法律禁止在家蒸馏酒精饮料，该法律于1868年在美国内战后通过，旨在打击酒税逃避行为。
The Supreme Court agreed on Monday to decide the legality of a federal ban on the home distilling of alcoholic spirits that was enacted in 1868 after the US Civil War to crack down on liquor tax evasion.
此争议由特朗普政府（共和党）捍卫该法律，而挑战者则认为，家庭蒸馏酒精的禁令超出了美国宪法赋予国会的权限。十多个由共和党领导的州支持对该法律的法律挑战。
The dispute pits Republican President Donald Trump's administration, which is defending the law, against challengers who argue that the home-distilling prohibition exceeds the authority of Congress under the US Constitution. More than a dozen Republican-led states have backed the legal challenge to the statute.
最高法院受理了政府对下级法院反对该禁令裁决的上诉。大法官预计将在未来几个月听取该案的口头辩论，并在6月底前作出裁决。
The Supreme Court took up the administration's appeal of a lower court's decision against the ban. The justices are expected to hear arguments in the case in coming months and issue a ruling by the end of June.
1861年至1865年美国内战之后，国会通过了一项禁止家庭蒸馏的法律，以保护联邦税收。该法律的现行版本规定，违反者最高可判处五年监禁并处以1万美元罚款。对该禁令合法性的挑战导致下级联邦上诉法院出现分歧。
Following the Civil War of 1861-1865, Congress sought to protect federal revenue by passing a law that banned home distilling. The current version of the law subjects violators to up to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine. Challenges to the ban's legality have led to a split among lower federal courts of appeals.
4月，位于新奥尔良的美国第五巡回上诉法院宣布该法律违宪，称其为国会行使征税权的不必要且不当的手段。
In April, the New Orleans-based 5th US Circuit Court of Appeals declared the law unconstitutional, calling it an unnecessary and improper means for Congress to exercise its power to tax.
几天 later，位于辛辛那提的美国第六巡回上诉法院维持了该法律的合宪性，称其为“征收蒸馏酒精联邦消费税的必要和适当手段”。
Days later, the Cincinnati-based 6th US Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the constitutionality of the law, saying it was a "necessary and proper means" of collecting federal excise tax on distilled spirits.
这些相互冲突的裁决促使司法部和法律挑战者向最高法院提出上诉。
The dueling decisions prompted appeals to the Supreme Court by the Justice Department and legal challengers.
来自15个由共和党领导的州的司法部长，包括俄亥俄州、佛罗里达州和爱达荷州，向最高法院提交了支持挑战者的诉状，敦促大法官解决巡回上诉法院之间的分歧，即所谓的“分裂”。
Attorneys general from 15 Republican-led states, including Ohio, Florida and Idaho, filed a Supreme Court brief backing the challengers to the federal ban and urged the justices to resolve the division, or "split," between the circuit courts of appeals.
“与优质威士忌不同，”总检察长们写道，“这种分裂不会随着时间变得更好。”第五巡回法院的裁决是非营利组织业余酿酒协会及其1300名成员中的4名成员的法律胜利，他们在法庭文件中主张人们应该有权在家中蒸馏烈酒，无论是作为爱好还是为了个人消费。
"Unlike a good whiskey," the attorneys general wrote, "this split will not age well." The 5th Circuit ruling was a legal victory for the nonprofit Hobby Distillers Association and 4 of its 1,300 members who argued in court papers that people should be free to distill spirits at home, whether as a hobby or for personal consumption.
该决定维持了德克萨斯州沃思堡美国地区法院法官马克·皮特曼2024年的裁决。该裁决禁止联邦当局对该案原告执行禁令。司法部敦促大法官受理此案，强调保护联邦税收的重要性。
That decision upheld a 2024 ruling by US District Judge Mark Pittman in Fort Worth, Texas. The ruling bars federal authorities from enforcing the ban against the plaintiffs in that case. The Justice Department, urging the justices to take up the case, emphasized the importance of protecting federal revenue.
“国会在160年前限制了家庭蒸馏酒，这是为了应对长期逃避蒸馏酒税的历史，”司法部律师写道。
"Congress restricted home distilling 160 years ago in response to an extensive history of evasion of the distilled-spirits tax," Justice Department lawyers wrote.
“政府有重大利益维护其保护重要税收来源的权力 — — 这一税收来源曾用于偿还国家成立时的独立战争债务，如今每年仍能创造数十亿美元的税收收入，”他们写道。
"The government has a substantial interest in its authority to safeguard a significant source of tax revenue — a source that was used to pay Revolutionary War debts at the founding (of the nation) and now generates billions of dollars in tax revenue every year," they wrote.