危地马拉城，10月19日 — — 周末反腐败律师胡安·弗朗西斯科·索洛尔萨诺·福帕被暗杀，此人因挑战危地马拉精英而结下强大仇敌，标志着该国近几十年来最重大的政治谋杀案之一，重新引发了人们对中美洲反腐败斗士脆弱性的担忧。
GUATEMALA CITY, Oct 19 - The assassination at the weekend of anti-graft lawyer Juan Francisco Solorzano Foppa, who made powerful enemies by taking on Guatemala's elite, marks one of the most significant political killings in the country in recent decades, renewing concerns about the vulnerability of those who fight corruption in Central America.
索洛尔萨诺的家人、朋友和支持者于周一为这位43岁的律师举行了守灵仪式，距他被两名袭击者在危地马拉城一处体育中心枪杀仅两天。他的安葬定于周二进行。
Family, friends and supporters held a wake for Solorzano, 43, on Monday, two days after he was shot dead by two assailants at a Guatemala City sports center. His burial is scheduled for Tuesday.
危地马拉警方表示，他们已拘留两名与该杀人案有关的男子，并缴获了一支卡宾枪式武器和一辆摩托车。两人于周日获释，未被指控，并坚持自己无罪。警方表示，他们尚未确定此次杀人案的动机。
Guatemalan police said they had detained two men in relation to the killing, and seized a carbine-style firearm and a motorcycle. Both were released on Sunday without charge and maintain their innocence. Police said they have yet to establish a motive for the killing.
对危地马拉人而言，此事唤起了人们对1998年主教胡安·何塞·赫拉尔迪遇刺的痛苦记忆 — — 他因发表一份详细记录危地马拉内战暴行的报告而两天后被活活打死，报告将大部分暴力责任归咎于军队及其盟军。
For Guatemalans, it brought back grim memories of the 1998 assassination of Bishop Juan José Gerardi, who was beaten to death two days after presenting a damning report that documented atrocities from Guatemala's civil war, blaming the army and its allied forces for most of the violence.
“就规模和意义而言，我认为（我们必须追溯到）1998年，当时赫拉尔迪神父被杀害，”危地马拉反不罚款特别检察署前任负责人胡安·弗朗西斯科·桑多瓦尔说道。
"In terms of magnitude and significance, I think (we have to go back) to 1998, when Father Gerardi was killed," said Juan Francisco Sandoval, former head of Guatemala's Special Prosecutor's Office Against Impunity.
索洛尔萨诺挑战精英 胡安·弗朗西斯科·索洛尔萨诺·福帕是一名游击队战士的儿子，该父亲在1980年代的内战中去世；他是著名诗人和活动家阿莱德·福帕的孙子，后者于1980年被绑架，此后杳无音信。
SOLORZANO TARGETED THE ELITE Juan Francisco Solorzano Foppa was the son of a guerrilla fighter who died in the civil war in the 1980s, and the grandson of the acclaimed poet and activist Alaíde Foppa, who was abducted in 1980 and never seen again.
索洛尔萨诺从助理检察官一步步成长为反腐败的领军人物。他曾与联合国支持的反腐败机构CICIG合作调查“拉利尼亚”贿赂案，该案导致2015年总统奥托·佩雷斯·莫利纳下台。
Solorzano rose from assistant prosecutor to become a leading anti-corruption figure. He worked with the UN-backed anti-corruption group CICIG on the "La Línea" bribery case, which brought down President Otto Pérez Molina in 2015.
自2016年起担任危地马拉税务局局长期间，他针对商业精英展开行动。他从钢铁制造商危地马拉钢铁公司（Aceros de Guatemala）那里赢得了创纪录的1亿美元和解金，并因假发票将卡米诺皇家酒店（Camino Real hotel）的所有者逮捕。他的案件追回了约2.8亿美元的税款。
As head of Guatemala's tax agency from 2016, he targeted the business elite. He won a record $100 million settlement from the steelmaker Aceros de Guatemala and had the Camino Real hotel owner arrested over false invoices. His cases recovered about $280 million in taxes.
“他在税务局的工作树立了许多敌人，也结下了许多政治仇怨，尤其是因为他公开指控的行为，”桑多瓦尔说道，他与索洛拉诺相识已有23年。
"He had many adversaries because of his work at the tax authority, and many political adversaries, especially because of the public accusations he made," said Sandoval, who had known Solorzano for 23 years.
索洛拉诺于2018年被解雇，而反国际反腐败委员会（CICIG）也被迫离开，这是危地马拉根深蒂固的精英阶层进行反击的一部分。2021年，他因被指控在收集签名以成立新党时存在违规行为而被逮捕。
Solorzano was fired in 2018 and CICIG was forced out as part of a backlash by Guatemala's powerful entrenched elite. In 2021, he was arrested over accusations of irregularities in signatures collected to a new party.
“这并不会让我感到羞耻，”索洛拉诺当时在法庭上对记者说，并展示了他手腕上的手铐。“这表明我们正在触碰这个国家的权贵。”后来，一名法官驳回了对他最严重的指控。
"This does not give me any shame," Solorzano said at the time, showing the handcuffs on his wrists to reporters in court. "This shows we are touching the powerful people of this country." A judge later dismissed the most serious charges.
2023年，他短暂加入了危地马拉调查记何塞·鲁本·萨莫拉（Jose Ruben Zamora）的辩护团队。萨莫拉因洗钱罪被捕，但他称自己是政治犯。索洛拉诺经常断言犯罪帮派与政党之间存在关联，以及司法系统方面的问题。
In 2023, he briefly joined the defense team of Guatemalan investigative journalist Jose Ruben Zamora, who was arrested on money laundering charges but said he was a political prisoner. Solorzano regularly asserted links between criminal gangs and political parties, as well as the judicial system.
“这让我深感痛苦，因为这不是结束一位为国家付出如此多的公民生命的方式，”前内政部长弗朗西斯科·里瓦斯（Francisco Rivas）说道，他是索洛拉诺的朋友，相识已有20年。“他是一名斗士，异常勇敢，且在他的信念和价值观上非常坚定。”总统伯纳多·阿雷瓦洛（Bernardo Arevalo）也谴责了这起谋杀案，称其为“懦弱”的谋杀。他在2023年赢得大选时曾以反腐败斗士的形象参选。“直接实施犯罪的人和下达命令的人都必须承受法律的全部重量，”他说。
"It hurts me deeply, because this is not how you end the life of a citizen who has given so much to the country," said former Interior Minister Francisco Rivas, a friend of Solorzano for 20 years. "He was a fighter, extraordinarily brave, and very firm in his convictions and values." President Bernardo Arevalo, who campaigned as an anti-corruption champion in the election he won in 2023, also condemned the killing, calling it a "cowardly" murder on Saturday. "Both the direct perpetrators and those who ordered the crime must face the full weight of the law," he said.
索洛拉诺留下四个孩子：两个来自他的第一段婚姻，两个来自他的第二段伴侣关系。
Solorzano leaves four children: two from a first marriage and two with a second partner.
索洛尔萨诺的叔叔、人权活动家胡里奥·索洛尔萨诺认为，这起谋杀案可能是为了制造恐惧和不信任情绪，进而破坏国家的稳定。
Solorzano's uncle, human rights activist Julio Solorzano, suggested the murder could be a way to generate fear and distrust and to destabilize the country.
“我们希望很快就能查明凶手的身份，但作为一起政治犯罪，它的负面影响已经显现出来了，”他在周一的悼念活动中说道。
"We hope it will soon be known who the perpetrators were, but its impact as a political crime has already been felt," he said during the wake on Monday.