危地马拉城，10月22日——前危地马拉反腐败检察官胡安·弗朗西斯科·索洛尔萨诺·福帕（Juan Francisco Solorzano Foppa）是该国最直言不讳的批评者之一，他一直揭露政界人士、商界领袖与日益猖獗的有组织犯罪集团之间的勾结关系。
GUATEMALA CITY, Oct 22 - Former Guatemalan anti-corruption prosecutor Juan Francisco Solorzano Foppa was one of the country's most high profile voices denouncing alleged links between politicians and business leaders and the country's increasingly powerful organized crime groups.
上周末，他在一个足球场内遭枪杀。据路透社采访的前官员和外交官称，这起谋杀案加剧了人们对有组织犯罪在该国影响力的担忧。
Over the weekend, he was shot dead on a soccer field, a killing that former officials and diplomats consulted by Reuters said has heightened concerns over organized crime's influence in the Central American nation.
这位敢于公开挑战权势势力的前检察官的遇害事件震惊了整个国家，也重新引发了关于犯罪网络渗透国家机构的讨论。
The killing of an outspoken former prosecutor who had publicly challenged powerful interests shocked the country and revived debate over criminal networks’ penetration of state institutions.
“这是对人权捍卫者的威胁，也是对民主活动家的威胁，”人权活动家弗兰克·拉鲁（Frank La Rue）表示。他参加了周一为索洛尔萨诺·福帕举行的追悼会，会上摆放着这位遇难律师与其家人的照片。
"This is a threat against human rights defenders. This is a threat against activists for democracy," said Frank La Rue, a human rights advocate, who attended the wake for Solorzano Foppa on Monday, which featured portraits of the slain lawyer with his family.
对许多危地马拉人来说，这一事件让人联想到1998年发生的胡安·何塞·赫拉迪（Juan Jose Gerardi）主教遇害事件：赫拉迪在公布了一份记录该国内战暴行的报告后两天便遭杀害。这一事件再次引发了人们对暴力可能被用来对付那些敢于批评权势势力的人士的担忧。
For many Guatemalans, it recalled the 1998 assassination of Bishop Juan Jose Gerardi, beaten to death two days after presenting a report documenting atrocities from the country’s civil war, and stirred fears that violence could again be used against prominent critics of powerful interests.
专家指出，近年来，由于反腐败工作的力度减弱以及负责打击犯罪行为的机构效能下降，犯罪网络的影响力不断增强。这些问题很可能会在2027年6月危地马拉总统选举期间继续成为焦点。
Experts said criminal networks have strengthened their influence in recent years as anti-corruption efforts and institutions tasked with combating impunity have weakened, issues likely to loom over the June 2027 election as Guatemala chooses President Bernardo Arevalo’s successor.
目前，当局尚未查明索洛尔萨诺·福帕遇害的动机。不过，官员和外交官表示，这起案件进一步凸显了犯罪集团威胁和压制批评声音的能力。
Authorities have not established a motive for Solorzano Foppa's killing. But officials and diplomats said the case has fueled concerns about criminal groups’ ability to intimidate or silence critical voices.
根据一些国际人权组织的说法，近年来已有超过100名前检察官、法官、记者和人权捍卫者离开危地马拉。他们之所以离开，是因为揭露了腐败现象，或是指出了国家机构与犯罪网络之间的勾结。
More than 100 former prosecutors, judges, journalists and human rights defenders have left Guatemala in recent years, according to some international human rights organizations, after denouncing corruption or alleged links between state structures and criminal networks.
本周，在索洛尔萨诺·福帕（Solorzano Foppa）遇害后，这位曾公开抨击政治腐败的知名律师也表示自己收到了死亡威胁。周三，阿雷瓦洛（Arevalo）谴责了针对律师埃德加·奥尔蒂斯（Edgar Ortiz）的威胁行为。阿雷瓦洛在社交媒体上写道：“危地马拉不能再成为一个捍卫民主的人会因此失去和平、自由甚至生命的国度。”
This week, following Solorzano Foppa's killing, a high-profile lawyer who also railed against political corruption said he has received death threats. On Wednesday, Arevalo denounced the threats against the lawyer, Edgar Ortiz. "Guatemala cannot return to being a country where defending democracy can cost one peace, freedom, or their life," Arevalo wrote on social media.
腐败：危地马拉长期存在的制度性难题几十年来，腐败一直是危地马拉面临的主要问题。2007年至2019年间，联合国支持的“危地马拉国际反腐败委员会”（CICIG）协助调查了该国的腐败及有组织犯罪网络，相关调查最终导致时任总统奥托·佩雷斯·莫利纳（Otto Perez Molina）及其前副总统罗克萨娜·巴尔德蒂（Roxana Baldetti）辞职并受到起诉。
'RED LINE CROSSED' Corruption has been a major institutional challenge in Guatemala for decades. From 2007 to 2019, the UN-backed International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) helped investigate corruption and organized crime networks within the state, including cases that led to the resignation and subsequent prosecution of then-President Otto Perez Molina and his former vice president, Roxana Baldetti.
自2019年CICIG撤离后，人权组织、检察官和国际观察员不断指出反腐败斗争中取得的进展十分有限。2024年上任的阿雷瓦洛总统曾承诺解决这一问题，但他也承认在推进改革和打击腐败势力方面遇到了重重困难。
Since CICIG's departure in 2019, human rights groups, prosecutors and international observers have denounced setbacks in the fight against corruption. President Arevalo, who took office in 2024 promising to tackle the problem, has acknowledged difficulties advancing reforms and dismantling structures accused of corruption.
路透社看到，索洛尔萨诺·福帕在脸书（Facebook）、抖音（TikTok）和Instagram上发布的视频中指控：18区（Barrio 18）的领导人阿尔多·“埃尔·洛博”·奥乔亚（Aldo “El Lobo” Ochoa）——此人正在服刑，总刑期超过1600年——与“希望团结党”（National Unity of Hope, UNE）的领导层存在关联；该党由前第一夫人桑德拉·托雷斯（Sandra Torres）领导。不过，路透社无法独立核实这些指控的真实性。
In videos posted on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, and seen by Reuters, Solorzano Foppa alleged links between Barrio 18 leader Aldo "El Lobo" Ochoa, who is serving combined prison sentences of more than 1,600 years, and people close to the leadership of the National Unity of Hope (UNE) party, headed by former first lady Sandra Torres. Reuters could not independently verify the allegations.
联合国人权事务高级专员办事处（UNHCHR）在一份声明中表示：“这些指控从未得到证实，不应被视为既定事实。”危地马拉前税收管理部门负责人索洛尔萨诺·福帕（Solorzano Foppa）也曾指控犯罪网络与政治人物及司法系统内部存在关联，但这些指控并未引发任何司法程序。
UNE told Reuters in a statement that "those allegations were never proven and should not be presented as established facts." Solorzano Foppa, a former head of Guatemala's SAT tax administration agency, also alleged ties between criminal networks, political figures and sectors of the judicial system, though the accusations did not result in judicial proceedings.
目前，当局尚未查明是谁下令实施了这起谋杀案。美洲国家组织和联合国都呼吁对此事件展开彻底的调查。
Officials have not identified who ordered the killing. The Organization of American States and the United Nations have called for a thorough investigation.
检察官办公室没有立即回应相关媒体的评论请求。在谋杀案发生后的周日，该机构在一份声明中表示：“为确保司法程序的公正性，我们不会公开有关收集到的证据或具体调查方向的任何额外细节。”一位未被授权公开发言的前政府官员透露，一些内部人士因担心自身安全问题，选择将相关信息告知索洛尔萨诺·福帕，因此他成为了这些内部指控的“传达渠道”。这位前官员还表示，凶手“没有留下任何痕迹”，这使得调查工作变得更加复杂。
The Public Prosecutor's Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment. On Sunday, following the murder, it said in a statement that "in order to guarantee due process, it will not disclose additional details about the evidence gathered or the specific lines of investigation." A former government official, who was not authorized to speak publicly, said insiders had turned to Solorzano Foppa with information they felt unable to expose themselves, making him an outlet for allegations from within the state. His killers "left no trace," the former official said, complicating the investigation.
危地马拉的犯罪网络涵盖了各种组织，包括帮派、贩毒分子，以及由前政府官员和安全部队成员组成的犯罪集团。分析人士指出，其中一些犯罪组织仍对国家机构拥有影响力；同时，像“Barrio 18”和“Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)”这样的武装组织仍在从事敲诈勒索和领土控制活动。
Guatemala's criminal networks range from gangs and drug traffickers to structures involving former officials and members of the security forces. Analysts say some have retained influence over state institutions, while armed groups like Barrio 18 and Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) remain involved in extortion and territorial control.
这些犯罪网络中还包括所谓的“CIACS”（非法秘密安全机构），这些组织与前安全部门有关联，专家认为它们仍具备政治和经济影响力。危地马拉也是通往美国的主要贩毒通道，墨西哥的“Sinaloa贩毒集团”和“Jalisco New Generation贩毒集团”通过当地的犯罪网络在危地马拉开展活动。
They include the so-called CIACS, or Illegal Clandestine Security Apparatuses, networks linked to former security structures that experts say retain political and economic influence. Guatemala is also a major drug-trafficking corridor to the United States, with groups associated with Mexico's Sinaloa Cartel and Jalisco New Generation Cartel operating through local criminal networks.
“我们许多人担心，一条红线已经被越过了，”2008年至2011年担任美国驻危地马拉大使的斯蒂芬·麦克法兰说。“回到了以政治暗杀作为清算旧账、保护某些人的野心和金钱的手段。”路透社
"Many of us fear that a red line has been crossed," said Stephen McFarland, former US ambassador to Guatemala from 2008 to 2011. "A return to political assassination as a way of settling scores and protecting the ambitions and money of certain people." REUTERS