法国正经历多年来规模最大的骚乱和抗议活动之一。最初针对学校条件的和平示威，最终演变为全国性的生活成本抗议，随后又升级为骚乱。
France is experiencing one of its largest riots and protests in years. What began as peaceful demonstrations over school conditions culminated in nationwide cost-of-living protests and, subsequently, riots.
据路透社报道，法国总理塞巴斯蒂安·勒科尔尼周二表示，周一实施的宵禁促成了一个平静的夜晚，但更多抗议活动仍在计划之中。
French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu said Tuesday that curfews imposed on Monday contributed to a calm night though more protests are planned, according to Reuters.
这些骚乱和抗议与法国悠久的大规模示威历史中的许多事件如出一辙。从全国性罢工到学生示威，多场运动曾使国家陷入瘫痪，有些甚至促使法国领导人宣布进入紧急状态。
The riots and protests echo many in France's long history of mass demonstrations From nationwide strikes to student demonstrations, several have brought the country to a standstill, in some cases prompting France's leaders to announce a state of emergency.
以下是过去100年间法国一些规模最大、影响最深远的抗议和骚乱。
Take a look at some of France's biggest and most impactful protests and riots over the past 100 years.
1934年——2月6日骚乱。1934年2月6日，退伍军人举着全国退伍军人协会的横幅在巴黎协和广场游行。
1934 — February 6 riots War veterans marching with their National Association of War Veterans banderoles at Place de la Concorde, Paris, February, 6th 1934.
Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images 在一桩政府腐败丑闻之后，退伍军人和右翼示威者走上街头。至少15人丧生。时任法国总理于次日辞职，引发了对法西斯政变的担忧。
Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images Veterans and right-wing demonstrators took to the streets following a government corruption scandal At least 15 people were killed. The French Prime Minister at the time resigned the following day, stoking fears of a fascist coup.
1936年——人民阵线罢工。1936年5月，巴黎的一场示威活动。
1936 — Popular Front strikes A demonstration in Paris in May, 1936.
在经济危机之外，1934年骚乱后对法西斯政变的恐惧促使左翼政党和工会联合起来。据法国国民议会记载，1936年5月和6月的大规模罢工和占领工厂行动促成了重大劳工改革。
Alongside an economic crisis, fears of a fascist coup after the 1934 riots helped unite left-wing parties and trade unions. Mass strikes and factory occupations in May and June 1936 led to major labor reforms according to France's National Assembly.
1948年——矿工罢工。1948年10月27日，罢工的矿工。
1948 — Miners' strike Striking miners on October 27, 1948.
据《纽约时报》报道，1948年，30万法国煤矿工人举行罢工，抗议经济状况。据法新社报道，政府进行了严厉镇压，一些罢工矿工被杀害，另有3000人被解雇。
In 1948, 300,000 French coal miners went on strike to protest economic conditions, per The New York Times There was a heavy government crackdown where some striking miners were killed, and another 3,000 were fired, according to AFP.
1961年——巴黎阿尔及利亚示威与屠杀。和平示威期间被捕的阿尔及利亚示威者双手举过头顶，在警方征用的公共汽车上等待，1961年10月17日。
1961 — Paris Algerian demonstration and massacre Algerian demonstrators arrested during the peaceful demonstration wait with their hands above their heads in a bus requisitioned by the police, October 17, 1961.
据BBC报道，约3万名阿尔及利亚人和平示威，反对宵禁并支持阿尔及利亚独立。
About 30,000 Algerians peacefully demonstrated against a curfew and in support of Algeria's independence, according to the BBC.
法国警方残暴镇压。历史学家估计，至少有120名阿尔及利亚人死亡，不过一些估计将该数字推至接近300人，半岛电视台报道称。
French police brutally cracked down. Historians estimate that at least 120 Algerians were killed, though some estimates put that number closer to 300, Al Jazeera reported.
1968年——1968年5月。学生占领巴黎索邦大学，1968年5月14日。
1968 — May 1968 Students occupy the Sorbonne in Paris, May 14, 1968.
Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images。最初是一场要求大学改革的学生运动，在工会加入起义后，演变为数百万人罢工。
Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images What started as a student movement demanding university reforms turned into millions of people striking after trade unions joined the uprising.
在抗议和骚乱中，示威活动使全国陷入停顿。为恢复秩序，时任总统夏尔·戴高乐解散国民议会并提前举行选举，他的政党于6月赢得选举。
Between the protests and rioting, the demonstrations brought the nation to a standstill. To restore order, then-president Charles de Gaulle dissolved the National Assembly and called early elections, which his party won in June.
《时代》杂志报道，今年的学生抗议中，许多横幅都提到了“1968年5月”。
In this year's student protests, many banners referenced "May 1968," Time reported.
1986年——反德瓦凯学生抗议。学生在巴黎示威，1986年12月6日。
1986 — Anti-Devaquet student protests Students demonstrate in Paris, December 6, 1986.
Michel SETBOUN/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images。数十万学生抗议拟议的大学改革，担心这些改革将限制高等教育入学机会。
Michel SETBOUN/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images Hundreds of thousands of students protested proposed university reforms they feared would restrict access to higher education.
与警方持续三周的暴力冲突造成数百人受伤，22岁的马利克·乌塞金死亡，迫使总理雅克·希拉克撤回改革方案，《时代》杂志报道。
Three weeks of violent clashes with police left hundreds injured and 22-year-old Malik Oussekine dead, forcing Prime Minister Jacques Chirac to withdraw the reforms, Time reported.
1995年——反对养老金改革的罢工。RTM集团的电车司机在马赛的罢工中示威，1995年12月28日。
1995 — Strikes against pension reforms Tram drivers of the RTM group demonstrate during a strike in Marseille, December 28, 1995.
Anne-Christine POUJOULAT / AFP via Getty Images 1995年10月至12月，公共部门工人就拟议的紧缩措施和养老金改革举行罢工，使全国陷入瘫痪，据全球非暴力行动数据库报道。时任总理阿兰·朱佩撤回了对公共部门养老金计划的拟议变更，尽管其改革方案的其他部分继续推进。
Anne-Christine POUJOULAT / AFP via Getty Images Between October and December 1995, public-sector workers went on strike against proposed austerity measures and pension reforms, bringing the country to a standstill, per the Global Nonviolent Action Database Then-prime minister Alain Juppé withdrew the proposed changes to public-sector pension plans, though other parts of his reform package went ahead.
2005年——法国骚乱 消防员在巴黎近郊奥伯维利耶与仓库大火搏斗，2005年11月4日。
2005 — French riots Firefighters battle a warehouse blaze in Aubervilliers, on the outskirts of Paris, November 4, 2005.
Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images 两名青少年在躲避警察时死亡后，骚乱始于巴黎郊区克利希苏布瓦，随后蔓延至其他城市，据BBC当时报道。
Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images After two teenagers died while hiding from the police, riots began in Clichy-sous-Bois, a Parisian suburb, which then spread to other cities, the BBC reported at the time.
随着骚乱蔓延，政府宣布进入紧急状态。骚乱持续了大约三周，紧急状态在大约两个月后结束。
The government declared a state of emergency as unrest spread. The riots lasted about three weeks, while the state of emergency ended after about two months.
2018年——黄背心运动 2018年12月29日，在波尔多的一场抗议活动中，一名反政府示威者站在法国防暴警察面前。
2018 — Gilets Jaunes ti-government demonstrator in front of French riot police during a protest in Bordeaux, December 29, 2018.
MEHDI FEDOUACH/AFP via Getty Images “黄背心运动”是2018年一场反对拟议燃油税上涨的抗议运动，后来演变为更广泛的反政府示威，导致人员死亡。
MEHDI FEDOUACH/AFP via Getty Images "Les Gilets Jaunes," or 'the yellow vests' in English, was a 2018 protest movement against a planned increase in fuel taxes that evolved into broader anti-government demonstrations, leading to deaths.
法国总理爱德华·菲利普当年12月冻结了该税收上涨，数天后又完全取消了该上涨。
The French Prime Minister, Édouard Philippe, froze the tax hike in December that year and then fully canceled it days later.
2023年——养老金改革抗议 2023年3月23日，抗议者在里尔的一次示威活动中游行。
2023 — Pension reform protests Protesters march during a demonstration in Lille, March 23, 2023.
SAMEER AL-DOUMY/AFP via Getty Images 据《世界报》报道，数十万人抗议并举行罢工，反对总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁的养老金改革。
SAMEER AL-DOUMY/AFP via Getty Images Hundreds of thousands of people protested and went on strike against President Emmanuel Macron’s pension reforms which raised the retirement age from 62 to 64, according to Le Monde.
尽管发生抗议，马克龙政府仍实施了该项改革；退休年龄自2023年9月起开始上升，预计到2030年将达到64岁。
Macron's government enacted the reform despite the protests; the retirement age began rising in September 2023 and is scheduled to reach 64 by 2030.