巴黎——在法国多年来最严重的民众骚乱中，骚乱者与警察发生冲突，点燃汽车，冲击公共建筑，并让一座历史悠久的市政厅陷入火海；全国性抗议期间，暴力与抢劫席卷多座主要城市。周末约有2400人被捕，当局表示数千家商铺遭到破坏或被洗劫。骚乱盖过了反对生活成本上涨和学校条件恶劣的示威活动，后者有数十万人和平游行。
PARIS — Rioters clashed with police, set cars on fire, stormed public buildings and engulfed a historic city hall in flames in France’s worst civil unrest in years as violence and looting swept through major cities during nationwide protests. About 2,400 people were arrested over the weekend, and authorities said thousands of businesses were damaged or looted. The rioting overshadowed demonstrations against rising living costs and poor conditions in schools in which hundreds of thousands of people marched peacefully.
总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙谴责“激进极左团体中的叛乱分子伙同众多犯罪分子”实施的“肆无忌惮的暴力”。更多抗议可能还在后头。高中和大学学生组织呼吁在周四和周六举行更多示威。全国高中生协调组织敦促年轻人“走上街头”，并支持继续封锁和示威。一群活动人士也宣布计划于周六举行全国性示威，口号是“马克龙必须下台”，他们试图重振2018年针对其所认为的社会不公的“黄背心”运动。
President Emmanuel Macron denounced “unrestrained violence” by “insurrectionist elements from radical far-left groups, joined by numerous criminals.”More protests could be in store. High school and university student organizations called for more demonstrations Thursday and Saturday. The National High School Student Coordination group urged young people to “take to the streets” and backed continued blockades and demonstrations.A group of activists seeking to revive the 2018 “yellow vest” movement against perceived social injustices also announced nationwide demonstrations planned for Saturday under the slogan “Macron must go.”
研究警务的格勒诺布尔政治学院政治研究所研究教授塞巴斯蒂安·罗谢表示，此次破坏程度与“黄背心”抗议高峰时相当。该运动最初由反对提高燃油税推动，曾带来针对马克龙政府的反复示威。一些示威演变为暴力，巴黎冲突期间汽车被烧、商店遭抢、凯旋门被破坏。罗谢说：“就破坏和损毁而言，这大概接近2018年12月的头两个周末。”
The damage was comparable to the yellow vest protests at their peak, said Sebastian Roché, a research professor at the Sciences Po Grenoble political institute who studies policing. The movement, initially driven by opposition to fuel tax increases, brought repeated demonstrations against Macron’s government. Some demonstrations turned violent, with cars burned, shops looted and the Arc de Triomphe vandalized during clashes in Paris.“In terms of destruction and damage, it is probably close to the first two weekends of December 2018,” Roché said.
2023年6月，警察在巴黎郊外击毙一名17岁少年，也引发了持续数日的全国性骚乱。骚乱者抢劫商店并纵火焚烧公共建筑。
In June 2023, the police killing of a 17-year-old outside Paris also triggered days of nationwide unrest. Rioters looted shops and torched public buildings.
数千人被捕，数百人受伤。法国在2005年也曾经历为期三周的骚乱，促使政府宣布进入紧急状态。罗谢研究警务与暴力问题已有30多年，他认为此次骚乱的不同之处在于警方武器造成的伤害。“我们看到了过去40年未曾见过的伤亡数字，”他说。罗谢表示，在三周的抗议活动中，已有六人（包括未成年人）致残，失去了手或眼睛。
Thousands were arrested and hundreds were injured. France also experienced three weeks of rioting in 2005, prompting the government to declare a state of emergency. What sets this latest unrest apart, argued Roché, who has studied policing and violence for more than 30 years, are the injuries from police weapons.“We have a toll that has not been seen in the past 40 years,” he said. Roché said six people, including minors, had been maimed in three weeks of protests, losing hands or eyes.
警方在近期示威活动中使用手榴弹及其他防暴武器，引发了严厉审视。“欧洲没有哪个国家的警察像这样致残抗议者，”罗谢说，并援引大学数据库指出，西班牙位居第二，但差距悬殊。当局多次将部分暴力归咎于“极左激进分子”团体，其次是趁乱抢劫的犯罪团伙。总理塞巴斯蒂安·勒科尔尼称这是“以前所未有的方式组织起来的混乱”。
Police have drawn sharp scrutiny over their use of grenades and other riot-control weapons during recent demonstrations.“There is no other country in Europe where the police maim protesters as much,” Roché said, citing university databases that rank Spain a distant second. Authorities repeatedly blamed some of the violence on groups of “far-left radicals,” followed by groups of criminals who see an opportunity for looting. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu described “disorder organized in an unprecedented way.”
然而，罗谢表示，极左边缘群体规模太小、组织松散，不足以单独造成如此规模的暴力。他说，法国情报部门估计该运动各派系合计约3000人，缺乏正式组织结构。罗谢指出，暴力极左活动分子和抢劫者的目标也不同。活动分子通常攻击资本主义和全球经济的象征，例如银行和麦当劳餐厅。他说，抢劫者则以运动服饰店和电子产品店为目标，目的是窃取商品而非表达政治立场。“他们的目的不是象征性的。”
However, Roché said the far-left fringe was too small and loosely organized to account alone for violence on this scale. French intelligence services estimate the movement at around 3,000 people across its various factions, which lack formal structures, he said. Violent far-left activists and looters also pursue different targets, Roché noted. The activists typically attack symbols of capitalism and the global economy, such as banks and McDonald’s restaurants. Looters target sportswear and electronics stores to steal goods rather than make a political statement, he said. “Their aim is not symbolic. It is acquisitive.”
它具有侵略性。马克龙承诺政府将对暴徒采取“不妥协”的立场，并补充说，政府的地区代表——被称为省长的官员——将采取必要的一切措施来保护企业和公共建筑，包括在必要时禁止某些聚会。马克龙还下令对情报收集和规划方面的失误进行调查，这些失误可能导致当局低估了暴力的潜在风险。当局决定在必要时实施局部宵禁。
Macron vowed that the government would take an “uncompromising” stance against rioters, adding that the government’s regional representatives known as prefects would use whatever measures were needed to protect businesses and public buildings, including banning certain gatherings if needed. Macron also ordered an investigation into failures in intelligence gathering and planning that may have led authorities to underestimate the potential for violence. Authorities decided to impose localized curfews when necessary.
其中包括周一晚上在巴黎受暴力影响的两个地区实施宵禁。当局表示，周六法国全境约有2400人被捕，其中巴黎地区855人，马赛101人，里昂199人。在首都地区，这些逮捕导致557人被警方拘留，其中78%为成年人，巴黎检察官称。在利摩日，火灾几乎摧毁了19世纪的市政厅。根据检察官的说法，大多数刑事案件涉及财产损失、参与以实施暴力为目的的团体以及袭击警察。
That included an overnight curfew to take effect Monday evening in two areas in Paris that have been affected by the violence. About 2,400 people were arrested Saturday across France, including 855 in the Paris area, 101 in Marseille and 199 in Lyon, authorities said. In the capital region, the arrests resulted in 557 people being placed in police custody, 78% of them adults, Paris prosecutors said. In Limoges, fire nearly destroyed the 19th century city hall. Most criminal cases involve property damage, participation in groups formed with the intent to commit violence and assault on police officers, according to prosecutors.