法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙已获得来自阿联酋和巴林的每月额外20万吨柴油的承诺，法国总统府称。埃利塞宫周二宣布了这些协议，此前总统抵达卡塔尔。
French President Emmanuel Macron has secured commitments for an extra 200,000 tonnes of diesel a month from the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, according to the French presidency. The Elysee Palace announced the deals on Tuesday, before the president landed in Qatar.
这次为期三天的高加索之旅，还包括科威特，紧随法国本周末因生活成本飙升而爆发的暴力抗议之后。
His three-day Gulf tour, which also stops in Kuwait, follows a weekend of violent protests in France over the soaring cost of living, as the US-Iran war keeps energy prices high.
总统府称，阿联酋承诺每月约10万吨，而马克龙对巴林的访问期间将再确保10万吨每月的供应。
The presidency said the UAE had committed to about 100,000 tonnes a month, while a further 100,000 tonnes monthly would be secured during Macron’s visit to Bahrain.
加上沙特阿拉伯的交付，法国目前已获得295,000吨每月的承诺，占其消费量的10%以上。
Together with deliveries from Saudi Arabia, France now has commitments for 295,000 tonnes a month, just over 10 percent of its consumption, it said.
总统府称，科威特也给出了“非常明确的承诺”，将向法国海外领土马约特和留尼汪输送柴油和煤油，这些运输将通过阿曼绕过霍尔木兹海峡。
Kuwait has also given “very clear commitments” to deliver diesel and kerosene to the French overseas territories of Mayotte and Reunion in the Indian Ocean, the presidency said. The shipments will go via Oman to bypass the Strait of Hormuz.
法国能源巨头TotalEnergies的总裁帕特里克·普亚纳，随马克龙访问高加索，表示这些协议将“让法国人安心”。“我们不会在二月因柴油短缺而陷入困境”，他告诉法新社。
Patrick Pouyanne, the head of French oil giant TotalEnergies, who is travelling with Macron, said the deals would “reassure the French”. “We are not going to run out of diesel in February,” he said, according to the AFP news agency.
伦敦国王学院安全研究所教授安德烈亚斯·凯格告诉Al Jazeera，法国的能源协议符合更广泛的模式。
Andreas Krieg, a professor at the School of Security Studies at King’s College London, told Al Jazeera that France’s energy deals fit a wider pattern.
他指出，近几个月来，高加索国家已向伦敦、巴黎、柏林和罗马派遣代表团，寻求进入军工复合体以及欧洲国防公司的潜在股权。
He noted that Gulf states have sent delegations to London, Paris, Berlin and Rome in recent months, seeking access to military complexes and possible stakes in European defence companies.
“他们看到自己的利益与欧洲利益之间日益紧密的纠缠，”他说，“不仅仅在能源领域，”他补充道，“还有供应链等。”
“They see a growing entanglement between their interests and European interests,” he said. “Not just in the energy field,” but also supply chains, he added.
凯格表示，双方都因美国日益将他们边缘化而感到压力，这为减少对华盛顿的依赖创造了机会。
Both sides feel pressure from a United States that is increasingly sidelining them, creating an opening to minimise dependence on Washington, Krieg said.
根据中东全球事务委员会的政治分析师谢赫娜·阿兰努德·哈马德·沙特·阿勒萨尼（Sheikha Alanoud Hamad Saud Al Thani）的说法，马克龙在卡塔尔的议程包括讨论安全问题、国防合作、确保法国获得能源供应，以及推动人工智能技术的发展。
Macron’s agenda in Qatar includes discussions about security, defence, securing energy commitments to France, and advancing the frontiers in artificial intelligence, according to Sheikha Alanoud Hamad Saud Al Thani, a political analyst and fellow at the Middle East Council for Global Affairs.
她在接受半岛电视台（Al Jazeera）采访时表示，卡塔尔“非常重视”与法国的关系——这是该国在海湾地区最悠久的国防合作伙伴关系之一。
Speaking to Al Jazeera, she said Qatar “really valued” its ties with France, which is one of the Gulf state’s oldest defence relationships.
“法国是卡塔尔在欧洲最重要的盟友之一，这并不令人意外，”她说，并将马克龙的访问描述为“具有重大意义”。
“It comes as no surprise that the French are one of Qatar’s most important friends in Europe,” she said, describing Macron’s visit as “extremely consequential”.
“卡塔尔正在利用现有的合作关系来应对这种新型的非对称战争形态；我们期待看到该国在反无人机技术和防御能力方面的进步，”她补充道。
“[Qatar is] leveraging existing relationships to adapt to this new kind of asymmetrical warfare, and we’re looking to see advancements in anti-drone and defence capabilities,” she said.
伊朗封锁了霍尔木兹海峡（Hormuz Strait），这是海湾地区能源出口的主要通道。这场持续八个月的冲突导致原油价格飙升，尤其是柴油价格受到了严重影响。
Iran has blockaded the Strait of Hormuz, the main exit route for the Gulf’s energy exports, sending crude prices soaring during the eight-month conflict. Diesel has been among the hardest hit.
今年由法国担任主席国的七国集团（G7）于10月初同意从战略储备中释放多达1亿吨石油以稳定市场。法国方面也表示，将从本国储备中释放1000万桶柴油，旨在从下个月起将柴油价格每升下调12至18美分（约合5%至8%）。
The G7, chaired this year by France, agreed earlier in October to draw up to 100 million barrels of oil from strategic reserves. France has also released 10 million barrels of diesel from its own reserves, aiming to cut prices by 12 to 18 cents a litre, or about 5 to 8 percent, from next month, the French presidency said.