美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）周二宣布，波音737 Max 10客机已获准投入客运服务，此前该机型经历了数年的延误。
Boeing's 737 Max 10 airliner has been approved for passenger service after years of delays, the Federal Aviation Administration announced Tuesday.
波音将不因导致数百人死亡的737 Max坠机事故面临刑事指控 Max 10的认证标志着波音在经历数年的安全、质量和生产挑战后，为恢复其声誉和财务状况所做努力的又一里程碑。随着生产获批，该机型现可向国内外航空公司销售。
Boeing won't face criminal charge over 737 Max crashes that killed hundreds The Max 10's certification represents another milestone in Boeing's efforts to restore its reputation and financial footing after years of safety, quality and production challenges. With production approved, the aircraft can now be sold to domestic and foreign carriers.
交通部长肖恩·达菲在一份声明中说：“经过广泛的安全审查——包括数千小时的试飞——联邦航空管理局团队已准备好批准这款关键机型销售。这是美国制造业的重大胜利，也是我国作为全球航空强国地位的重大胜利。”达菲预计将于周二晚些时候在访问位于华盛顿州埃弗雷特的波音制造工厂期间就该决定发表讲话。
"After extensive safety reviews – including thousands of hours of test flights – the team at the FAA is ready to approve this critical aircraft for sale," Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said in a statement. "This is a major win for American manufacturing and our nation's status as a global aviation powerhouse." Duffy is expected to speak about the decision later Tuesday during a visit to Boeing's manufacturing plant in Everett, Washington.
Max 10是波音最畅销的737系列中最大的版本，是该公司在单通道飞机市场夺回失地努力的重要一环。对航空公司而言，更大的机身提供了一种在单次航班中承载更多乘客的方式，有望降低每座位成本。对旅客而言，这最终可能意味着热门航线上有更多座位，但对票价的影响将取决于航空公司如何部署这些飞机以及面临多少竞争。
The Max 10 — the largest version of Boeing's bestselling 737 family — is an important piece of the company's effort to regain ground in the narrow-body market. For airlines, the larger plane offers a way to carry more passengers on a single flight, potentially lowering costs per seat. For travelers, it could eventually mean more seats on popular routes, though the impact on fares will depend on how airlines deploy the planes and how much competition they face.
波音民用飞机部门总裁兼首席执行官斯蒂芬妮·波普在一份声明中说：“完成认证程序为我们交付一款将树立商业航空新标准的波音飞机铺平了道路。”据波音介绍，Max 10通常可容纳185至210名乘客，而Max 9为175至195名，Max 8为160至180名。
Stephanie Pope, president and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes, said in a statement that "completing the certification program clears the path for us to deliver a Boeing airplane that will set a new standard in commercial aviation." The Max 10 will typically seat 185-210 passengers, according to Boeing, compared with 175-195 on the Max 9 and 160-180 on the Max 8.
这款单通道喷气式客机于2017年巴黎航展发布，旨在帮助波音与竞争对手空中客车抗衡。但技术和监管障碍导致认证工作一再推迟。
The single-aisle jet was introduced at the Paris air show in 2017 to help Boeing compete with rival Airbus. But technical and regulatory hurdles repeatedly delayed certification.
波音在2020年年度报告中表示，预计该飞机将于2023年首次交付。该公司目前预计将于2027年开始交付。
Boeing said in its 2020 annual report that it expected to make the plane's first delivery in 2023. The company now expects to begin deliveries in 2027.
这些延误耽误了波音公司的一项关键业务。全球30多名客户已订购了1555架波音尚未交付的Max 10，占其737 Max总未交付订单的30%以上。
The delays have held up a key part of Boeing's business. More than 30 customers worldwide have ordered 1,555 Max 10s that Boeing has yet to deliver, accounting for more than 30% of its total 737 Max backlog.
Max 10的主要客户包括联合航空、达美航空、美国航空和瑞安航空。阿拉斯加航空于1月加入这一行列，订购了105架Max 10，并拥有增购35架的选择权。
Major customers for the Max 10 include United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, American Airlines and Ryanair. Alaska Airlines joined that list in January, ordering 105 Max 10s, with options for 35 more.
自2018年和2019年发生两起涉及较小机型Max 8的致命坠机事故、分别在印度尼西亚海岸附近和埃塞俄比亚造成346人死亡以来，波音公司的困境尤为严峻。2024年，阿拉斯加航空的一架Max 9在半空中发生舱门面板脱落，再次引发了对波音制造和安全做法的严格审查。
Boeing's struggles have been particularly acute since two deadly crashes involving the smaller Max 8 killed 346 people in 2018 and 2019 off the coast of Indonesia and in Ethiopia. In 2024, a panel flew off of an Alaska Airlines Max 9 in midair, renewing scrutiny of Boeing's manufacturing and safety practices.
Max 10旨在与空客于2017年投入运营的A321neo机型系列进行竞争。最大的A321neo比Max 10能搭载更多乘客，且无需中途加油就能飞得更远。
The Max 10 is intended to compete with Airbus's A321neo model family, which entered service in 2017. The largest A321neo can carry more passengers and fly farther without refueling than the Max 10.
尽管如此，波音设计Max 10的目的是在搭载更多乘客的同时消耗更少的燃料，这对于在美伊战争中面临喷气燃料成本飙升的航空公司来说，是一个具有潜在吸引力的组合。这些不断上升的成本给航空公司控制开支带来了更大的压力。
Still, Boeing designed the Max 10 to carry more passengers while burning less fuel than older aircraft — a potentially attractive combination for airlines facing soaring jet fuel costs amid the U.S. war with Iran. Those rising costs have put added pressure on airlines to control expenses.
Max 10的适航认证完成了四款737 Max机型的产品线。美国联邦航空管理局于8月批准较小的Max 7投入商业航空运营。
The Max 10's certification completes the lineup of four 737 Max models. The FAA cleared the smaller Max 7 for airline operations in August.
适航认证意味着，在经过工程审查和试飞后，美国联邦航空管理局已确定Max 10的设计符合安全标准。但波音必须继续证明其能够按照批准的设计稳定制造该飞机，且每架飞机在搭载乘客之前都必须获得批准。
Certification means the FAA has determined that the Max 10's design meets safety standards, following engineering reviews and flight testing. But Boeing must continue to show it can consistently build the aircraft to the approved design, and each plane must be cleared before it can fly passengers.
在致命的Max 8坠机事故发生后，美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）彻底改革了其认证波音飞机的方式。但在过去18个月里，该机构逐步放宽了对该公司的一些限制，提高了波音可生产飞机数量的上限。7月，联邦航空管理局还表示，波音可在生产结束时再次为其737 Max和787飞机签发适航证，允许该公司重新承担部分判断成品飞机是否具备飞行条件的责任。
In the wake of the fatal Max 8 crashes, the FAA overhauled how it certifies Boeing aircraft. But over the past 18 months, the agency has gradually eased some of its restrictions on the company, increasing the limit on how many planes Boeing can produce. In July, the FAA also said Boeing could once again issue airworthiness certificates for its 737 Max and 787 planes at the end of production, allowing the company to take back some responsibility for determining whether finished aircraft are ready to fly.