法国巴黎——17岁的恩佐（Enzo）说，一名警察抓住了他的胳膊，另一名警察从身后用警棍击打了他。他头部满是鲜血，随后被送医并接受了缝合手术。
Paris, France — Enzo, 17, said a police officer grabbed his arm as another struck him from behind with a baton. With his head covered in blood, he was hospitalised and needed stitches.
14岁的埃登（Eden）现在无法说话。在圣旺洛莫讷（Saint-Ouen-l’Aumone），一名警察将一枚催泪瓦斯弹射向他的面部，导致他的下巴粉碎。
Eden, a 14-year-old, cannot talk right now. His jaw was smashed after a police officer fired a tear gas grenade at his face in Saint-Ouen-l’Aumone.
16岁的马埃尔（Mael）被警方发射的橡胶子弹发射器击中后，右眼失明。
Mael, 16, cannot see from her right eye after being struck by a rubber-bullet launcher fired by the police.
自9月中旬以来，法国高中生开始抗议他们认为让他们失望的教育体制，警方的战术随后受到了严厉审视。接受半岛电视台采访的律师和抗议者指责警察挑起暴力和怨恨，而不是试图缓和紧张局势。
Since mid-September, when French high school students started revolting against the education system they say has failed them, police tactics have come under scrutiny. Lawyers and protesters who spoke to Al Jazeera accused police of stirring violence and resentment, rather than seeking to de-escalate tensions.
专家和律师表示，虽然法国当局为警察的行动进行辩护，称其为必要之举，但针对未成年人的暴力行为将加深国家与公民之间的鸿沟。
While authorities in France have defended the police over their actions as a necessity, violence against minors will deepen the gap between the state and its citizens, experts and lawyers say.
“他们正在失去一代人，”巴黎律师协会（Paris Bar）律师艾诺哈·帕斯夸尔（Ainoha Pascual）说。“政府正在实施恐怖策略。因为当你使某人致残，当你严重伤害某人时，这就意味着这个人，以及他们周围的每一个人，都不会再重返示威活动。”围绕教育问题的示威活动已经演变成一场全国性的抗议运动，在周末期间爆发了暴力冲突。
“They are losing a generation,” said Ainoha Pascual, a lawyer at the Paris Bar. “The government is implementing a strategy of terror. Because when you maim someone, when you seriously injure someone, it means that that person, and indeed everyone around them, will not return to demonstrations.”Demonstrations over education have morphed into a nationwide protest movement that over the weekend saw violent clashes.
在恩佐的案子中，经半岛电视台核实的视频显示，一群平静的教师在学生面前手拉手组成了一道人链。警察突破了警戒线，并在推进时使用警棍和近距离喷射胡椒喷雾。恐慌的尖叫声充斥着空气。
In the case of Enzo, videos verified by Al Jazeera show a peaceful crowd of teachers forming a chain in front of students. Police officers break through the cordon and, while advancing, use batons and pepper spray at close range. Screams of panic fill the air.
“我仍然受到创伤。他们没有保护我们，反而攻击我们，”恩佐说。
“I am still traumatised. Instead of protecting us, they are attacking us,” Enzo said.
据他的律师艾尔莎·马塞尔称，埃登当时独自坐在离学校抗议活动几米远的一堵矮墙上看着手机，三名警察走向了他。事发视频显示，一名警员用警棍击打这名少年，随后另一名警员向他脸部发射了一枚催泪瓦斯弹。马塞尔称，射击距离约为1.5米（5英尺），并指控警员将男孩留倒在地上，未呼叫急救服务。他的家人已就涉嫌谋杀未遂提出投诉。
According to his lawyer Elsa Marcel, Eden was sitting alone on a low wall looking at his phone, a few metres from the school protest, when three police officers approached him. Videos of the incident appear to show an officer striking the teenager with a baton before another officer fired a tear-gas grenade into his face. Marcel said the shot was fired from about 1.5 metres (5 feet) away, and accused officers of leaving the boy on the ground without calling emergency services. His family has filed a complaint for attempted murder.
“在这场社会运动中，这是前所未有的，特别是考虑到这些都是未成年人，”恩佐的律师、法律行动集体（CAJ）成员马蒂尔德·朗特表示。
“Within this social movement, this is unprecedented, especially considering that these are all minors,” said Mathilde Lante, Enzo’s lawyer and member of the Collective for Legal Action (CAJ).
法国当局否认警方在高中生抗议活动中进行镇压，并指出有数百名执法人员受伤。
French authorities denied that police were engaging in repression during the high-school protests, pointing to the hundreds of law enforcement personnel who had been injured.
10月初，内政部长洛朗·努涅斯表示，并未给警方下达“克制指示”，并强调武力使用必须保持相称。10月初，司法部指示检察官对抗议中的暴力行为迅速且坚定地作出回应，包括考虑追究未成年人行为的父母民事责任。
In early October, Interior Minister Laurent Nunez said there were “no instructions for restraint” given to police officers, stressing that the use of force had to remain proportionate. In early October, the Justice Ministry instructed prosecutors to pursue a rapid and firm response to violence during the protests, including considering parents’ civil liability for actions by minors.
与此同时，法国警方监察机构IGPN已就涉嫌不当行为展开36项调查。内政部数据显示，抗议开始以来，近6900人被警方拘留，其中86%为未成年人。这种强硬立场似乎只会进一步激怒抗议者。周末有超过50万人走上街头，仅巴黎市内就有约10万人。
Meanwhile, France’s police watchdog, the IGPN, has opened 36 inquiries into alleged misconduct. Nearly 6,900 people have been placed in police custody since the start of the protests, 86 percent of them minors, Interior Ministry figures show. Such a tough stance seems to have only galvanised the protesters. More than half a million people took to the streets over the weekend, about 100,000 in the capital Paris alone.
“我们太年轻，不被认真对待；我们已足够长大，可以挨打，”这是反复出现的口号之一。
“We are too young to be taken seriously; we are grown up enough to be beaten up,” was one of the slogans on repeat.
周六，在游行开始前很久，警方就发射了催泪瓦斯和闪光弹，批评人士称此举定下了基调，导致这一天变得紧张。
On Saturday, police fired tear gas and stun grenades well before marches started, a move that critics said set the tone for what would become a tense day.
警方封锁了巴黎广场的出口道路，仅留下几条狭窄的疏散通道供人员离开现场。这导致数千人被困并挤压在一起，引发晕厥和惊恐发作。
Police blocked roads to exit the square in Paris. Only a few narrow exit routes were left for people to leave the site. That meant that thousands were stuck and compressed, leading to fainting and panic attacks.
专家将这种战术称为“la nasse”（即“围堵”），指警方包围并控制示威者。这一做法长期以来因其对行动自由和抗议权利的影响，备受人权团体批评。
This is what experts call “la nasse”, or kettling, a controversial tactic in which officers encircle and contain demonstrators. It has long drawn criticism from rights groups over its impact on freedom of movement and the right to protest.
这场学生主导的抗议最终催化了更广泛的不满情绪，而该国正面临财政、政治以及如今的社会危机。有时，巴黎街头出现暴力和破坏行为。
The student-led protests ended up catalysing wider grievances in a country dealing with fiscal, political and now social crises. At times, the streets of Paris have been home to violence and vandalism.
周六和周日夜间，群体青年洗劫、纵火焚烧并抢劫商铺，引发骚乱。
On Saturday and Sunday, as night descended, groups of young people ransacked, set on fire and looted shops in riots.
总理塞巴斯蒂安·勒科尔努周一表示：“过去三周，我们一直听到‘警察杀人’或‘警察伤人’的指责。而过去两天，又被问到‘警察在干什么？’这是一种非常法式的分裂症。”这并非警方首次遭受抨击。
“For the past three weeks, we’ve been hearing that ‘the police kill’ or ‘the police injure people’. And then, for the past two days, we’ve been asked, ‘What is the police doing?’ A very French kind of schizophrenia,” Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu said on Monday. This is not the first time the police have come under fire.
在“黄马甲”抗议期间——这场始于2018年、因柴油价格上涨引发的动荡，后演变为示威者身穿黄马甲的社会运动——警方因使用武力遭到批评，示威者因橡胶子弹和闪光手榴弹导致严重受伤。
During the “yellow vest” protests – a period of unrest that started in 2018 over diesel price hikes and morphed into a social movement in which demonstrators wore yellow vests – officers faced criticism over their use of force, with protesters suffering serious injuries from rubber bullets and stun grenades.
2023年6月，17岁的纳埃尔·梅尔祖克在楠泰尔一次交通检查中被警方击毙，引发数日骚乱，重燃关于种族定性和警暴的辩论。
In June 2023, the fatal police shooting of 17-year-old Nahel Merzouk during a traffic stop in Nanterre triggered days of riots, reigniting debate over racial profiling and police violence.
环保活动人士也指责当局使用过度武力，特别是在2023年针对圣索利讷蓄水池项目的抗议中，冲突导致数十名示威者和警察受伤。
Environmental activists have also accused authorities of disproportionate force, particularly during a 2023 protest against a water reservoir in Sainte-Soline, where clashes left dozens of demonstrators and police officers injured.
人权观察和国际特赦组织多次对过度使用武力和限制抗议权利表示关切。
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have repeatedly raised concerns about excessive force and restrictions on the right to protest.
巴黎政治学院社会学讲师、《青年地缘政治》一书的合著者保罗·斯图皮亚认为，在法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的领导下，抗议者与警方之间的紧张关系已经恶化。
Paolo Stuppia, a sociology lecturer at Sciences Po Paris and co-author of the book Geopolitique de la jeunesse, believes tensions between protesters and police have worsened under French President Emmanuel Macron.
他表示：“曾经仅限于郊区或自治活动人士团体的做法，现在正被应用到所有人身上。抗议者与警察之间存在一种不信任的氛围，而且这种氛围正在加剧，因为警察的镇压现在影响到了更多的人。”律师帕斯夸尔辩称，警察暴力的严重程度与使用可导致永久性、改变人生的伤害的防暴武器密切相关。橡胶子弹发射器和爆炸性手雷一直是该国警察战术争议的核心。
“What was once reserved for the suburbs or autonomous activist groups is now being applied to everyone,” he said. “There is a climate of mistrust between protesters and police, and it is growing because police repression now affects far more people.”Pascual, the lawyer, argued that the severity of police violence is closely linked to the use of crowd-control weapons that can cause permanent, life-changing injuries. Rubber-bullet launchers and explosive grenades have been at the centre of controversy over police tactics in the country.
她说：“这正是我们所说的‘法国式’防暴——非常具体，涉及使用武器，包括被描述为非致命但实际上具有致命威力的武器。”
“This is truly what we call ‘French-style’ crowd control – are very specific and involve the use of weapons, including weapons described as non-lethal, but which, in reality, are capable of lethal force,” she said.
在一名少年失去手掌后，内政部长努涅斯暂停了震爆弹的使用。但在周六的游行之前，他表示可以在发生“城市暴力”的情况下使用震爆弹，并补充说它们“在局势顺利时绝不会被使用”。周六，它们被大量使用。
Interior Minister Nunez suspended the use of stun grenades after a teenager lost his hand. But before Saturday’s marches, he said they could be used in cases of “urban violence”, adding that they were “never used when things are going well”. On Saturday, they were used extensively.
现场的半岛电视台记者看到，早在游行开始之前，警方就多次发射催泪瓦斯和震爆弹。
Al Jazeera journalists at the scene saw police fire tear gas and stun grenades repeatedly, well before the march had started.
帕斯夸尔对使用武力在恢复秩序方面是否有效提出了质疑，并辩称缓和局势有助于重建警察与示威者之间的信任。
Pascual questioned whether the use of force was effective in restoring order, arguing that de-escalation could help rebuild trust between police and demonstrators.
她问：“当你看到警察决定放下盾牌、摘下头盔的视频时，你看到了什么？他们对面的抗议者停下来并鼓掌。在法国，我们不这样做。”
“When you see videos of police officers deciding to put down their shields and remove their helmets, what do you see?” she asked. “The protesters opposite them stop and applaud. In France, we don’t do that.”