专为儿童设立的“特朗普账户”也可能面向成年人开放。该账户的策划者布拉德·格斯特纳（Brad Gerstner）周三表示，这些具有税收优惠功能的账户应该推广给所有40岁以下的美国公民；不过他指出，这需要国会通过新的立法才能实现。特朗普总统也在周二表示，白宫正在考虑为成年人设立一个“专门的”特朗普账户。
Trump Accounts, created for children, may be coming to adults, too. Brad Gerstner, an architect of Trump Accounts, said on Wednesday that the tax-advantaged accounts should be rolled out to every US citizen under 40, though he flagged that Congress would need to pass new legislation to make that happen. President Trump similarly said on Tuesday that the White House is exploring creating an "alternative" Trump Account for adults.
特朗普说：“我们正在研究适用于成年人的新方案，因为这确实是一个与儿童不同的情况。”那么，这样的账户具体会是什么样子呢？我们咨询了五位专家，了解这些账户如何适用于成年人、应该覆盖哪些人群，以及它们如何融入个人的财务规划中。
"We are looking at something different because it really is somewhat of a different thing having to do with adults," Trump said. So what might that look like? We spoke to five experts about how Trump Accounts could work for adults, who they should be for, and how they could figure into financial planning.
根据美联储的数据，美国有46%的成年人没有退休储蓄账户。阿斯彭研究所（Aspen Institute）和圣路易斯华盛顿大学社会发展中心（Center for Social Development）的高级政策顾问雷·博沙拉（Ray Boshara）认为，这类账户对这些成年人来说可能是一个福音。“我非常支持让所有美国人都有一个可以用来积累财富、实现财务安全的终身投资账户，”博沙拉说，并建议为所有美国儿童注册这些账户（该计划已于本月早些时候正式启动）。
Ray Boshara, a senior policy advisor at the Aspen Institute and Washington University in St. Louis' Center for Social Development, said the accounts could be a boon to the 46% of Americans without money in a retirement account, according to Federal Reserve data. "I really like the idea of all Americans having a lifelong investment account through which they can build wealth and achieve financial security," said Boshara, who advocated enrolling all American children in Trump Accounts, a change that was rolled out earlier this month.
他认为，扩大这些账户的适用范围只是同一政策的延续——前提是这些账户也能自动为成年人创建。博沙拉指出，虽然美国已经建立了较为完善的员工退休储蓄体系，但仍有近一半的美国人没有退休储蓄，其中许多人是因为雇主没有提供相应的退休计划。他强调，特朗普账户可以填补这一巨大的缺口；不过与针对儿童的账户不同，对于那些没有401(k)或其他类似退休计划的成年人来说，这类账户可能更具实际意义。
He sees expanding Trump accounts as an extension of the same push, as long as the accounts are automatically created for those adults, too. There's a "pretty robust retirement savings system" in place for employees, said Boshara, but nearly half of Americans don't have retirement savings, many because their employer doesn't offer a plan. Trump Accounts could "fill that huge gap," Boshara said, but unlike the plans for children, it may be worthwhile to focus on those without 401(k) or similar plans.
“儿童版的特朗普账户具有普遍性，但我不认为成人版的账户也需要具备同样的普遍性，”博沙拉说道。
"One of the benefits of the Trump accounts for kids is that it's universal, but I'm not so sure you'd want it to be universal for an adult," Boshara said.
他补充说，传统的个人退休账户（IRA）已经对部分高收入者限制了税收减免额度，这其实是一件“好事”：“这样一来，就不会再给那些更富有的美国人提供额外的福利了。”如果目的是帮助那些还没有退休计划的美国人，那么博沙拉反对推行普遍化退休福利政策的立场是合理的。然而，对冲基金Kai Volatility Advisors的创始人塞姆·卡桑（Cem Karsan）认为，这一举措实际上是试图通过让普通美国人更多地参与股市来遏制民粹主义势力的蔓延；从这个角度来看，推行普遍化的退休福利计划是必要的。
Traditional IRAs already limit tax deductions for some higher earners, and that's a "good thing," he added. "That way, you're not just giving wealthier Americans yet another tool," Boshara said. If the goal is to help Americans without retirement, then Boshara's push away from universalism makes sense. But Cem Karsan, founder of the hedge fund Kai Volatility Advisors, sees this as part of a broader effort to stem the tide of populism by giving regular Americans a greater stake in the stock market. From that perspective, a universal plan is essential.
“这其实是在为‘将财产所有权广泛分配给大众’奠定基础，”卡桑说道。对于那些拥有退休账户的人来说，特朗普账户（Trump Account，属于另一种类型的IRA）可能会允许他们缴纳超过当前规定的金额，Hightower Advisors的首席投资策略师斯蒂芬妮·林克（Stephanie Link）表示：“这样一来，他们就可以通过这种方式积累更多的财富，并享受税收递延优惠。”
"It's essentially the infrastructure that's being laid, the pipes, for delivering ownership broadly to the masses," Karsan said. For those with retirement accounts, a Trump Account, technically another type of IRA, could allow them to contribute more than the current cap, said Stephanie Link, chief investment strategist at Hightower Advisors. "There would be an additional layer of tax-deferred wealth accumulation," Link said.
不过，将特朗普账户推广给低收入人群的主要担忧在于：这可能会使他们失去诸如食品券和补充社会保障收入（Supplemental Security Income）等公共福利。虽然儿童不受此影响，但许多针对成年人的福利项目都是基于收入水平来决定是否提供的；如果他们为这些账户缴费，可能会失去这些福利。博沙拉指出，目前传统IRA的相关规则非常混乱：一个在传统IRA中存有超过2000美元的人可能会失去领取补充社会保障收入的资格，而医疗补助（Medicaid）的规则则因州而异。
One of the main concerns with rolling out Trump Accounts to low-income Americans is that they could be kicked off public benefits like food stamps and Supplemental Security Income. This wasn't an issue for children, but many benefits available to adults can be means-tested, and contributing to an account may make you ineligible. Right now, for traditional IRAs, the rules are a "patchwork," Boshara said. A single person with more than $2,000 in a traditional IRA can lose access to Supplemental Security Income, while Medicaid rules vary from state to state.
“我建议应该对这些账户中的资金采取‘豁免’政策，”博沙拉建议道，“也就是说，账户中的资金不应被计入判断一个人是否具备领取公共福利资格的依据。”他强调：“如果你希望低收入和中等收入人群能够通过IRA来储蓄和积累财富，就必须保护他们的公共福利权益。”最后，博沙拉认为这些退休账户应该只是社会保障制度的“补充手段”，而非替代品：“我们绝不能将它们视为社会保障的替代方案。”
"What I'd call for is a categorical disregard," said Boshara, meaning money in the accounts wouldn't count against eligibility for public benefits. "If you expect low- and moderate-income people to save and build wealth through an IRA, you have to protect their public benefits." Maybe most importantly, Boshara said these should be a "supplement" for Social Security. "We never see these as a substitute for Social Security," Boshara said.
特朗普账户目前最具变革性的部分，是为2025年至2028年间出生的每位美国公民提供1000美元。但博沙拉对该计划最大的批评是，家庭必须主动开户才能接收政府款项和雇主缴费。他说：“要求‘主动加入’会抑制参与度，尤其是低收入家庭，因为他们缺乏认知，或者不与税收系统打交道。”他希望财政部出台规则自动激活账户，以便自动添加缴费，并希望为新生儿提供的1000美元资金能无限期延续。
The most transformative part of the Trump accounts so far has been the $1,000 available to every US citizen born between 2025 and 2028. But Boshara's biggest critique of the program is that families have to open up to receive government payments and employer contributions. "Opting in is suppressing participation, especially among lower-income families because they don't have the awareness, or they don't interact with the tax system," he said. He's hoping for Treasury rules that will activate accounts, so contributions can be added automatically, and that the $1,000 funding for newborns be continued indefinitely.
同样，他也希望任何人都能像给儿童账户那样，向成年人的账户注资。“儿童特朗普账户最好的地方在于，有人的未来有多个投资者，”博沙拉说。这甚至可能包括雇主缴费。“我不确定所有雇主都会缴费，但如果他们缴费了，这又是一个储蓄福利计划，类似HSA或401(k)计划，同样意味着他们口袋里有更多钱，”林克说。
And similarly, he's hoping that anyone can put money into adults' funds, like with children. "The best thing about Trump Accounts for kids is that there are multiple investors in somebody's future," Boshara said. This could even include employer contributions. "I'm not sure if all employers would contribute, but if they did, it's another savings benefit plan, HSA or 401K type of plan, which is again, more money in their pockets," Link said.
对于那些已经向401(k)和其他工具（如罗斯个人退休账户，这可能更适合职业生涯早期的储蓄者）缴费的人来说，外部资金才是最大的受益者，税务金融科技公司April的税务开发与交付副总裁克里斯蒂娜·泰勒说。“对于自己存钱的成年人来说，带有雇主匹配的罗斯个人退休账户或401(k)通常仍然是更强有力的工具，”泰勒说。
For those who already contribute to their 401(k) and other vehicles, like Roth IRAs, which can be a better fit for early career savers, the outside funding is the big beneficiary, said Christina Taylor, VP of tax development and delivery at tax fintech April. "For adults saving their own money, a Roth IRA or a 401(k) with an employer match is often still the stronger tool," Taylor said.
“储蓄者应将特朗普账户视为收集他人缴费的容器，而不是替代他们已有的退休账户。”目前的特朗普账户附带一系列限制，旨在让投资者专注于长期，其中包括个人股票五年持有期。该出售限制在账户持有人年满18岁时结束，博沙拉表示成年人应能自主决定其投资组合的样子。“你想要投资者自主选择权，”他说。
"Savers should think of a Trump Account as a collector for other people's contributions, not a replacement for retirement accounts they already have." Current Trump Accounts come with a range of restrictions that keep investors focused on the longer term, including a five-year holding period for individual stocks. That restriction on selling ends when they turn 18, and Boshara said that adults should be able to decide what they want their portfolio to look like. "You want investor choice," he said.
“你想让家庭有能力做出好的选择。”特朗普账户仅持有股票投资，因此成人版本需要更大程度的分散投资。“一个10岁的孩子可以熬过糟糕的市场，但距离退休还有五年的人需要一些债券、一些现金，以及一个提款计划，”Savvy Wealth的财富经理Brian Boswell说。Boshara表示，这是一个“确保所有美国人都拥有终身投资账户的好主意”，但关键在于确保它满足成年人的需求。“为什么不延伸它，保留特朗普账户的优秀特性，并摒弃那些不适合成年人的特性呢？”Boshara说。
"You want to empower families to make good choices." Trump Accounts hold only equity investments, so adult versions would require greater diversification. "A 10-year-old can ride out a bad market, but someone five years from retirement needs some bonds, some cash, and a plan for withdrawals," said Brian Boswell, a wealth manager at Savvy Wealth. It's a "great idea to make sure all Americans have a lifelong investing account," but the key is to ensure it meets adults' needs, Boshara said. "Why not extend it and keep the great features of Trump accounts and discard the ones that don't make sense for adults?" Boshara said