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杯水车薪,为时已晚:油价拖累中期选举选情,特朗普着手应对汽油价格Too little, too late: Trump takes on gas prices as fuel costs hamper his midterm hopes

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2026年10月14日,缅因州阿拉加什市的一家加油站。照片来源:Charly Triballeau/AFP/Getty ImagesA gas pump in Allagash, Maine, on 14 October 2026. Photograph: Charly Triballeau/AFP/Getty Images

2026年10月14日,美国缅因州阿拉加什的一台加油机。民调显示,美国选民对高油价深感不满,并可能因此在中期选举中惩罚共和党。距离中期选举不到两周,美国选民不太可能在这一选举周期的主要议题之一——油价问题上看到缓解。

A gas pump in Allagash, Maine, on 14 October 2026. Polls show US voters are deeply upset by high gas prices and are likely to punish Republicans in the midterms as a result With fewer than two weeks until the midterm s, US voters are unlikely to see relief on one of this election cycle’s main issues: gas prices.

俄亥俄州佩里斯堡一家Speedway加油站,托莱多居民、41岁的沙丽·史密斯正在给汽车轮胎充气。她说,飞涨的油价正直接影响她的生活。

Airing up her car’s tires at a Speedway in Perrysburg, Ohio Toledo resident Sharie Smith, 41, says soaring costs are having a direct impact on her life. “It’s affecting my budget,” she says.

“这影响了我的预算,”她说。“你得放弃某些东西,得从孩子身上省,比如课外活动。”她说,高油价让她更难支付孩子参加橄榄球比赛的费用。

“You got to take away certain things, you got to take away from your kids, like extracurricular activities.”She says high gas prices are making it harder to pay for the fees for her children’s football games.

过去,她每10天给她的灰色雪佛兰马里布加油要花30到40美元,而现在要花50到60美元。她说,这很让人心疼。“尤其是食品价格也上涨了,”她补充道。

Every 10 days, she used to fill up her gray Chevy Malibu for $30 to $40, but now it costs $50 to $60. It stings, she says. “Especially that with the price of groceries,” she adds.

“我甚至没有大车。我为那些开大车的人感到难过,比如皮卡车。”唐纳德·特朗普曾就降低油价做出诸多承诺,并特别本月宣传了几项柴油成本节约交易,但能源分析师表示,选民不会在11月3日之前看到成本下降。

“And I don’t even have a big car. I feel bad for those people with big cars, like trucks.”Donald Trump has made many promises about bringing down gas prices and specifically touted several diesel cost-savings deals this month, but voters won’t see lower costs by 3 November, say energy analysts.

根据数据,全国汽油和柴油平均价格较一个月前略有下降,但仍远高于去年。与2025年相比,汽油价格每加仑上涨超过1.25美元,达到4.29美元,而柴油价格上涨近75%,达到每加仑6.30美元。

National average prices for gasoline and diesel are down marginally from a month ago, according to but remain substantially higher than last year. Compared with 2025, gasoline costs are up more than $1.25 a gallon, at $4.29, while diesel prices are up nearly 75%, to $6.30 a gallon.

2026年5月1日,人们在佛罗里达州萨姆特维尔的一场特朗普活动外抗议。

People protest outside an Trump event in Sumterville, Florida, on 1 May 2026.

摄影:Thomas Simonetti/Bloomberg via Getty Images 民调显示,美国选民对高油价深感不满,并可能因此惩罚共和党。Politico在10月10日进行的一项民调显示,即使特朗普将汽油价格每加仑降低1美元,大多数受访选民也不太可能因此转而投票给共和党。

Photograph: Thomas Simonetti/Bloomberg via Getty Images Polls show that US voters are deeply upset by high gas prices and are likely to punish Republicans as a result. A 10 October poll by Politico showed that even if Trump were to bring the price of gasoline down by $1 a gallon, most voters polled would not likely be swayed to vote Republican.

2026年5月1日,人们在佛罗里达州萨姆特维尔市特朗普的活动现场外抗议。照片来源:Thomas Simonetti/Bloomberg via Getty ImagesPeople protest outside an Trump event in Sumterville, Florida, on 1 May 2026. Photograph: Thomas Simonetti/Bloomberg via Getty Images

本月初,特朗普宣布了几项旨在降低柴油价格的协议,包括推广更多使用通常保留给非公路用途的“红柴油”,暂时解除对俄罗斯柴油进口的制裁,以及现在推出的一项一次性、80亿美元的柴油燃料补贴,以帮助农民进行收割。

Earlier this month, Trump announced several deals attempting to lower diesel prices, including promoting greater use of “red dye” diesel fuel normally reserved for off-highway use, temporarily lifting sanctions on Russian diesel imports, and now a one-time, $8bn diesel-fuel subsidy for farmers to help with harvest.

“美国人乃至全世界的柴油价格将会下降,创纪录的数字,而且很快!为美国人降低价格,特别是我们伟大的农民、牧场主和卡车司机,是我最大的优先事项,”特朗普在其社交媒体网站上发帖称。

“Diesel prices for Americans and, indeed, the world, will be COMING DOWN, IN RECORD NUMBERS, AND FAST! Lower prices for Americans, especially our Great Farmers, Ranchers, and Truckers, is my greatest priority,” Trump posted on his social media site.

休斯顿大学能源研究员埃德·赫尔斯表示,这些举措将毫无影响。“零。无需进一步阐述,”他说。

Ed Hirs, energy fellow at the University of Houston, says these moves will have no impact. “Zero. No elaboration needed,” he says.

根据与俄罗斯的协议,美国可以进口224万桶俄罗斯柴油,赫尔斯补充说,与普京达成的协议并非针对新增供应。“它原本要去别的地方。它原本要以折扣价去别的地方。而现在特朗普所做的,是让俄罗斯不再以折扣价出售,而是按全额价值出售。他给了他们一笔巨大的意外之财,”赫尔斯说。

Under the Russia deal, the US can import 2.24m barrels of Russian diesel, with Hirs adds that the deal with Putin is not for new supply. “It was going someplace. It was going someplace at a discount. And now what Trump has done is, rather than have Russia sell it at a discount, they’re selling it for full value. He’s given them a huge windfall,” Hirs says.

2025年8月15日,唐纳德·特朗普在阿拉斯加州安克雷奇与弗拉基米尔·普京会面,就结束乌克兰战争进行谈判。

Donald Trump speaks with Vladimir Putin as they meet to negotiate for an end to the war in Ukraine in Anchorage, Alaska, on 15 August 2025.

海龟资本高级投资组合经理罗布·萨姆尔表示,柴油是全球重要的运输燃料,对大多数消费品的“最后一公里”配送至关重要,因此每个人都感受到了压力。由于美国对伊朗发动战争,导致霍尔木兹海峡关闭,全球大部分原油都通过该海峡运输,因此整体能源价格都在上涨。

Diesel fuel is an important transportation fuel globally, critical in the last-mile delivery of most consumer goods, so everyone feels the pinch, says Rob Thummel, senior portfolio manager at Tortoise Capital. Energy prices across the board are higher because of the US war on Iran, which closed the strait of Hormuz, through which much of the world’s crude oil flows.

2025年8月15日,唐纳德·特朗普与弗拉基米尔·普京在阿拉斯加安克雷奇会面,商讨结束乌克兰战争的事宜。照片来源:Kevin Lamarque/ReutersDonald Trump speaks with Vladimir Putin as they meet to negotiate for an end to the war in Ukraine in Anchorage, Alaska, on 15 August 2025. Photograph: Kevin Lamarque/Reuters

由于中东炼油厂在战争早期受损,且中国炼油商无法获得足够石油为世界市场生产额外燃料,增加柴油产量十分困难。乌克兰无人机近期对俄罗斯炼油厂的袭击进一步削减了全球供应。萨姆尔说,美国炼油厂虽能获得国内石油,但已在满负荷运转。

Producing more diesel is difficult because Middle East refineries were damaged early in the war, and Chinese refiners are unable to get enough oil to produce any extra fuel for world markets. Recent attacks on Russian refiners by Ukrainian drones have further cut global supplies. US refineries have access to domestic oil but are running at maximum capacity, Thummel says.

白宫将其最近签署的、暂时允许更多使用红柴油的行政令,描述为一项为农民和卡车司机节省成本的举措。这种燃料因专供农民和非公路机械使用而免征联邦消费税,并染成红色以区别于普通柴油。白宫称,每加仑 24.4 美分的优惠将让这些司机在加注 250 加仑燃料时节省约 60 美元。

The White House has characterized its recent executive order to temporarily allow greater use of red-dye diesel as a cost-saving measure for farmers and truckers. This fuel is exempt from federal excise taxes because it is intended for farmers and off-road machinery and is stained red to differentiate it from regular diesel. The White House says the 24.4 cents per gallon discount will save those drivers about $60 on a 250-gallon fill up.

然而赫斯表示,这会让农民面临更多的燃料竞争,从而推高他们的油价。农民已经在全方位的运营成本上涨和因美中贸易战而失去中国这个关键出口市场的双重打击下苦苦挣扎。

Yet Hirs says it gives farmers more competition for fuel, which will raise their prices. Farmers already are being buffeted by higher operating costs across the board and losing China as a key export market because of the US’s trade war with the Asian nation.

专家补充说,随着冬季取暖月份能源需求增加,价格可能会上涨,尤其是在使用取暖油的地区。实物资产投资公司 InfraCap 首席投资官杰伊·哈特菲尔德表示,能源价格具有季节性,通常在此时价格较低,因为既非制冷季也非取暖季。尽管季节性需求通常较低,但价格已经居高不下。

Prices could rise as energy demand increases in the winter heating months, especially in places that use heating oil, experts add. Energy prices are seasonal, and prices are usually lower at this time of year since it’s neither cooling nor heating season, says Jay Hatfield, chief investment officer of real-asset investment firm InfraCap. Despite typically lower seasonal demand, prices are already high.

哈特菲尔德说,如果中东冲突升级,存在价格进一步上涨的风险,他以胡塞武装袭击沙特阿拉伯事件增多为例。

There are risks of higher prices if the fighting in the Middle East escalates, Hatfield says, pointing to a pickup of Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia as an example.

克里奇洛表示,许多国家已耗尽战略储备,且鲜有国家释放储备,可能不需要太大的冲击就会推高油价。“我认为我们现在在市场层面处于一个非常脆弱的位置,”他说。

Critchlow says with many countries having depleted strategic stocks and few countries have released reserves, it might not take too much to push prices up. “I think that we are in a very fragile position now, marketwise,” he says.

能源专家表示,唯一能降低能源成本的举措是开放霍尔木兹海峡以增加石油流通,以及谈判达成俄乌和平协议,因为这两场冲突都与能源市场相互关联。

The only moves that will lower energy costs are to open the strait of Hormuz to get more oil flowing, and to negotiate a peace accord between Russia and Ukraine, as these two conflicts are interlinked with energy markets, the energy experts say.

克里奇洛说,如果这些冲突得到解决,两年后的能源形势可能截然不同,世界将面临化石能源过剩。

If those conflicts were resolved, Critchlow says the energy situation could be drastically different two years from now, with the world being oversupplied with fossil-fuel energy.

这种变化对一些司机来说来得越快越好。家庭医疗助理洛坦帕·琼斯(Lotanpa Jones)本月初在密苏里州圣查尔斯的一家美孚加油站加油。普通汽油价格为每加仑4.09美元——根据美国能源信息署(EIA)追踪的数据,去年10月1日全国平均价格为每加仑3.15美元至3.19美元。柴油价格为每加仑6.59美元,高于一年前的每加仑3.71美元。

That change can’t come soon enough for some drivers. Lotanpa Jones, a home healthcare aide, was filling up at a Mobil in St Charles, Missouri, earlier this month. Regular fuel was $4.09 a gallon – last 1 October the national average price was $3.15 to $3.19, according to data from Diesel was $6.59 a gallon, up from $3.71 a year ago, according to data tracked by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) A driver pumps diesel at a Pilot gas station on 14 September 2026 in Buda, Texas.

2026年9月14日,一名司机在德克萨斯州布达市的Pilot加油站加柴油。照片来源:Brandon Bell/Getty ImagesA driver pumps diesel at a Pilot gas station on 14 September 2026 in Buda, Texas. Photograph: Brandon Bell/Getty Images

2026年9月14日,一名司机在得克萨斯州布达的一家派洛特加油站加注柴油。“这让我想把车停在家里,”琼斯说。她说她两天前刚给车加过油,现在又加了55美元。“影响很大,因为你得决定买什么,”她说。“这很严重。”

“I can tell you this is making me want to park my car,” said Jones. She said she had last filled up her car two days earlier and now was adding another $55. “It’s affecting a lot because you gotta decide what you’re gonna buy,” she said. “It’s major.”

琼斯说,她认为这会影响人们投票给谁。“绝对会。是的,这太极端了。”具有讽刺意味的是,考虑到特朗普对电动汽车的敌视,克里奇洛预见当前的危机最终将推动美国消费者、重工业和农业实现电气化。他说,消费和能源结构的转变与20世纪70年代的能源冲击相似。“我们将看到类似的情况,”他说。

Jones said she thought it would affect who people vote for. “Most definitely. Yes, this is extreme.”Ironically, given Trump’s antipathy towards electric vehicles, Critchlow foresees the current crisis eventually pushing electrification for consumers, heavy industry and agriculture in the US. The shift in consumption and energy mix mirrors the 1970s energy shock, he says. “We are going to see something similar,” he says.

与此同时,汽油价格可能会在11月3日让共和党付出代价。回到史密斯,一位家庭健康护士说,由于州政府对医疗补助资格做出的更改,她已经失去了病人,她批评共和党为此负责。“他们想的都是错事,现在汽油价格又涨了,”史密斯说。

In the meantime, gas prices are likely to take their toll on Republicans come 3 November. Back in Smith, a home health nurse, says she has already lost patients because of Medicaid eligibility changes made by the state, which she criticized Republicans for. “They’re thinking about the wrong things, and now the price of gas is going up,” Smith says.

至于她会投给谁,她说:“我会投给民主党人。”至于共和党候选人,她补充道:“他们完全不了解人们正在经历什么。”

As for who she is voting for, she says: “I’m going Democrat.”As for the Republican candidates, she adds: “They don’t have any idea what people are going through.”

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