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五角大楼在特朗普审批改革推动下放行风电项目Pentagon Clears Wind Farms in Trump’s Permitting Reform Push

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加利福尼亚州里奥维斯塔一处风电场的风力涡轮机和输电线路。摄影师:David Paul Morris/BloombergWind turbines and power transmission lines at a wind farm in Rio Vista, California. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg

由詹妮弗·A·德洛希(Jennifer A. Dlouhy)和阿里·纳特(Ari Natter)报道:特朗普政府正在解除此前阻碍某些风电项目建设的禁令,此举旨在提升公众对一项两党联合提案的支持度,该提案旨在加快美国能源和基础设施项目的建设进程。

By Jennifer A. Dlouhy and Ari Natter The Trump administration is lifting a blockade that had stalled some wind farms in a bid to boost support for a bipartisan plan to speed construction of US energy and infrastructure projects. Marking the shift, the Pentagon on Thursday advanced proposed wind projects in Maine and South Dakota, clearing them after a national security review that has bogged down scores of similar ventures nationwide.

作为这一政策转变的象征,五角大楼于周四批准了缅因州和南达科他州的风电项目。在经过国家安全审查后,这些项目终于获得了批准;此前类似的全国性风电项目都因审查程序拖延而未能获得许可。一位要求匿名的白宫官员表示:“这一举措体现了政府的诚意,也是政府履行承诺的一部分。”该官员强调,这一行动对于推动国会今年通过相关许可改革法案至关重要。

The action was described by a White House official who asked for anonymity because there hasn’t been a formal announcement. The move is being cast as a show of good faith — and a partial fulfillment of an administration promise to advance some wind projects. That pledge is seen as critical to advancing a bipartisan permitting overhaul bill on Capitol Hill this year.

五角大楼对风电项目的审查旨在确保这些项目不会因干扰军事行动而危及国家安全。虽然这种审查通常属于常规流程,但有时政府会与项目开发商达成协议以降低风险,随后将最终审批结果提交给联邦航空管理局(FAA)进行进一步审核。

At issue are Pentagon reviews of wind farms to ensure they don’t imperil national security by unduly interfering with military operations. The Pentagon’s vetting — normally a fairly routine review — can result in agreements with developers to mitigate risks, with the department forwarding final determinations to the Federal Aviation Administration for separate scrutiny.

然而在唐纳德·特朗普总统执政期间,国家安全审查已成为阻碍陆上风电项目获批和建设的主要障碍,导致五角大楼积压了大量待审批的项目。目前尚无法获取关于周四获批项目的详细信息,但该官员称这些项目属于五角大楼正在审查的首批风电项目。官员表示,随着国防部继续逐项评估这些风电项目,未来几天和几周内预计还会有更多项目获得批准。

But under President Donald Trump, the national security authorizations had become a major obstacle to permitting and constructing onshore wind farms, building a long backlog at the Pentagon. Full details on the wind farms advanced Thursday were not immediately available, but the official described them as being part of an initial tranche of projects under review at the Pentagon. More authorizations are expected in the coming days and weeks, the official said, as the Defense Department continues evaluating the wind power projects on a case-by-case basis.

特朗普长期以来一直批评风能发电技术,称风力发电机既丑陋又效率低下,还会对野生动物造成危害。去年重新上任后,他下令暂停所有海上风电项目的审批;随后其政府又发布了停工指令,要求相关建设活动停止进行。一些开发商在与美国政府的谈判中放弃了在沿海地区建设风力发电设施的计划。

Trump is a longtime wind power critic, frequently describing turbines as ugly, inefficient and lethal to wildlife. After returning to the White House last year, Trump issued a moratorium halting permitting of proposed offshore wind projects, his administration issued stop-work orders stopping construction on others and some developers abandoned plans to install turbines in coastal waters in deals with the US government.

然而,取消对可再生能源项目(以及石油和天然气基础设施项目)的种种限制,是白宫官员与新墨西哥州民主党参议员马丁·海因里希、罗德岛州民主党参议员谢尔顿·怀特豪斯、西弗吉尼亚州共和党参议员谢莉·摩尔·卡皮托以及犹他州共和党参议员迈克·李共同推动的这项跨党派许可协议的核心内容。根据知情人士的说法,作为妥协的一部分,白宫同意允许那些已被搁置的风能和太阳能项目继续推进。

But lifting barriers to renewable power projects — as well as oil and gas infrastructure — is a key promise of the bipartisan permitting package that’s been brokered between White House officials and Democratic Senators Martin Heinrich of New Mexico and Sheldon Whitehouse of Rhode Island as well as Republican Senators Shelley Moore Capito of West Virginia and Mike Lee of Utah. The White House has offered to allow a number of stalled wind and solar projects to proceed as part of the compromise plan, Whitehouse has said.

据这位人士透露,特朗普政府的这一决定将影响到目前大约300个处于审批停滞状态的风能项目中中的30个项目(这些项目都尚未获得五角大楼的批准)。

The Trump administration’s promise would affect some 30 wind projects out of roughly 300 currently suspended pending Pentagon approval, according to a person familiar with the matter, who asked not to be identified because the discussions are private.

白宫方面表示,这项协议有望加速太阳能电站、风电场以及石油井等能源项目的开发。该立法的支持者认为,这是一个难得的机会:通过改革现有的许可法规,可以为建设关键的能源基础设施创造条件——因为气候变化要求我们转向无排放的能源体系,而不断增长的电力需求也在推动对天然气的需求。

Whitehouse and other senators announced they had reached a deal with Republicans last month on the measure to speed permits for major energy projects — potentially accelerating the development of solar arrays, wind farms and oil wells, among other ventures. Supporters of the legislation cast it as a rare opportunity to remake the nation’s permitting laws to enable the buildout of critical energy infrastructure, as climate change demands a shift toward emission-free power and as surging electricity needs drive demand for natural gas.

民主党和共和党议员之间的这项协议有可能成为石油公司以及可再生能源开发商的重大胜利。这些企业长期以来一直希望加快联邦政府的审批流程,并减少那些可能导致项目延误多年、并额外耗费数亿美元的环境审查程序。

The deal between Democratic and Republican lawmakers has the potential to be a significant victory for oil companies as well as renewable energy developers that have long sought to accelerate federal permitting and scale back environmental reviews that can drive years-long delays and hundreds of millions of dollars in extra costs.

参议院计划在11月中期选举后重新开会时审议这项法案;不过,由于一些环保组织以及部分进步派民主党议员的反对,该法案的未来仍充满不确定性。

The Senate is slated to take up the bill when the chamber returns after November’s midterm elections, though it still faces an uncertain future amid opposition from some environmental groups and certain progressive House Democrats.

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