奥斯瓦尔多·扎瓦拉·希勒尔表示，布鲁塞尔的“缺乏清晰度”让企业和非政府组织处于无知状态，此前白宫对国际刑事法院实施了全面制裁。
Osvaldo Zavala Giler said a “lack of clarity” from Brussels was leaving companies and NGOs in the dark after the White House imposed sweeping sanctions on the International Criminal Court.
奥斯瓦尔多·扎瓦尔·希勒尔说，随着白宫对该法院实施不断升级的限制制度，他的工作变成了“为制裁做准备”。| 国际刑事法院-海牙 —— 国际刑事法院首席行政官员在接受《政治新闻网》（POLITICO）采访时表示，欧盟委员会应“尽快”就美国对国际刑事法院的制裁提供明确指导。
Osvaldo Zavala Giler said his job became “preparing for sanctions” as the White House imposed an escalating regime of restrictions against it. | ICC-CPI THE HAGUE — The European Commission should act “as soon as possible” to give clear guidance on U.S. sanctions against the International Criminal Court, its top administrative official told POLITICO in an interview.
作为该机构的注册官，奥斯瓦尔多·扎瓦拉·希勒尔负责监督位于海牙的法院日常运作，他表示，随着白宫对该法院实施不断升级的限制制度，他的工作变成了“为制裁做准备”。
Osvaldo Zavala Giler, who oversees the day-to-day functioning of the Hague-based court as the institution's registrar, said his job became “preparing for sanctions” as the White House imposed an escalating regime of restrictions against it.
特朗普政府于2025年2月首先针对法院的检察官和法官，随后于今年10月9日宣布实施全面制裁。欧盟一再支持法院对抗华盛顿，但拒绝启动一项将禁止企业遵守美国法律的机制。
The Trump administration targeted prosecutors and judges from the court first in February 2025 before announcing blanket sanctions on Oct. 9 this year. The EU has repeatedly backed the Court against Washington, but it has resisted calls to activate a mechanism that would forbid firms from complying with U.S. laws.
这让海牙的高层人士深感痛苦。扎瓦拉·希勒尔表示，委员会的“缺乏清晰度”让私营企业和非政府组织不知所措，不知道是否应遵守华盛顿决定的制裁——以及如果不遵守将面临什么风险。
That has agonized senior figures in The Hague. Zavala Giler said the Commission's "lack of clarity" left private companies and NGOs in the dark over whether they should comply with sanctions decided by Washington — and what risks they face if they don't.
扎瓦拉·希勒尔对委员会的呼吁，增加了欧盟议员在10月9日宣布后要求迅速回应的压力。卡拉斯周二对欧洲议会表示，布鲁塞尔将利用未来几个月“开启对话”来解决该问题。新制裁定于明年4月生效。
Zavala Giler's call to the Commission adds to pressure from EU lawmakers for a swift response after the Oct. 9 announcement. Kallas told the European Parliament on Tuesday that Brussels would use the next few months "to open dialogue" on the issue. The new sanctions are set to take effect in April next year.
扎瓦拉·希勒尔说：“我希望对话空间不被理解为等待保护法院的空间。”他在位于玻璃办公室内接受采访，当时距离欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表卡娅·卡拉斯访问法院总部仅有一日之遥。达摩克利斯之剑在预判将面临全面制裁的情况下，法院花费六个月时间摆脱对美国技术供应商的依赖并转向开源软件环境，又用了20个月使其金融交易实现“去美元化”。扎瓦拉·希勒尔表示，这一举措对其团队而言是一项浩大的工程。
"What I would hope is that the space for dialogue is not interpreted as a space for waiting to protect the court," Zavala Giler said, who spoke from his glass office on the eve of a visit to the Court’s headquarters by the EU’s top diplomat, Kaja Kallas.
法院在2023年遭遇大规模网络攻击后，曾一度加深对美国技术的依赖，但当时看似解决问题的方案，在制裁面前却成了难题。尽管现行制裁制度包含电信领域的豁免条款，但无法保证这一状况将持续下去。
Damocles sword Anticipating sweeping sanctions, the Court spent six months abandoning U.S. tech providers and moving to an open-source software environment, and 20 months to make its financial transactions dollar-proof. That move has been a huge undertaking for Zavala Giler's team,he said.
扎瓦拉·希勒尔说：“这成了一把悬在我们头顶的达摩克利斯之剑，随时可能被撤销。我不能再指望美国科技公司了。”美国平台作为完整的生态系统运作，在单一合同下提供全方位解决方案。登记官表示，若要摆脱这些平台，“你需要开始构建自己的架构和系统，并让它们能够互通互联。”
The Court initially deepened its reliance on U.S. technology after it was hit by a massive cyber attack in 2023, but what seemed a solution at that time became a problem in the face of sanctions. Even though the current regime includes a carveout for telecommunications, there is no guarantee it will remain the case.
实现金融自主同样艰难。法院梳理了所有供应商的交易，以确保不存在“美国关联”，即支付过程中不涉及任何美国人、美国银行或美元。“我们让所有员工都开设了欧洲银行账户。这是一个非常细致的过程，我们必须逐人、逐家公司地落实，确保合同以欧元结算，”登记官说。
"It becomes a sort of Damocles sword on top of our head that could be revoked at any time," Zavala Giler said. "I cannot count on U.S. tech companies anymore." U.S. platforms operate as entire ecosystems, offering all-encompassing solutions under a single contract. To do without them, “you need to start creating your own architecture and systems that need to speak to each other,” the registrar said.
法院的合作银行也从数十家减少到“仅有几家”，因为只有极少数机构愿意处理“去美元化”支付。
Financial autonomy was equally hard to achieve. The Court mapped all its suppliers’ transactions to ensure there was no U.S. nexus, meaning that no U.S. person, bank or currency is involved in a payment. “We made all of our staff members have European bank accounts. It was a very detailed process that we had to do, person by person, company by company, making sure that the contracts were in euros,” the registrar said.
寒蝉效应 如果欧盟成员国和欧盟委员不提供明确指引，这种局面恐将恶化。扎瓦拉·希莱尔表示：“如果国际刑事法院不能在欧洲、在欧元区、在没有美国关联的情况下以欧元进行SEPA（单一欧元支付区）交易，那么欧洲金融主权就存在一个更大的问题。”
The Court also went from working with tens of banks to only “a few,” since only a handful of institutions are comfortable with dollar-proof payments.
法院长期呼吁欧盟动用一项立法盾牌——即“阻断法规”，该法规将禁止欧盟企业遵守美国的制裁。这一请求获得了欧洲议会数十名议员的支持，而欧洲议会周四顺便将其“人权萨哈罗夫奖”授予了该法院。
Chilling effect That situation is likely to worsen without clear guidance from EU countries and the Commission. As Zavala Giler put it, “if the International Criminal Court cannot transact in Europe, in euros within the SEPA zone with no U.S. nexus, then there is a bigger question about European financial sovereignty.”The Court has long called the EU to use a legislative shield — known as blocking statute — that would forbid EU firms from complying with U.S. sanctions. The request was backed by dozens of lawmakers at the European Parliament, which incidentally awarded the court its human rights Sakharov Prize on Thursday.
扎瓦拉·希莱尔说：“‘阻断法规’成为一种工具，用以重申不应受单边域外制裁影响的最低限度空间……这一最低限度空间至少应是欧元区。”他补充道，即使没有该法规，法院也需要“保证，至少在欧元区内，[法院]能够继续运作”。
The blocking statute “becomes an instrument to reassert the minimum space that should not be affected by unilateral extraterritorial sanctions ... that minimum space should be, at the very least, the eurozone,” Zavala Giler said. Even without it, the court needs “the reassurances that, at least within the eurozone, [it] can continue to operate,” he added.
然而到目前为止，欧盟委员采取了谨慎态度，选择与美国对话，正如一名欧盟外交官向《政治报》（POLITICO）所说，这是一种“争取时间”的方式。
So far, however, the Commission has taken a cautious approach, choosing dialogue with the U.S. as a way of "buying time," as a EU diplomat put it to POLITICO.
在一场平衡术中，欧盟国家元首和政府首脑在上周峰会上支持布鲁塞尔的外交努力，同时也承诺尽一切必要支持法院。
In a balancing act, EU heads of state and government backed Brussels' diplomatic effort at their summit last week, while also committing to do whatever is needed to support the Court.
扎瓦拉·希莱尔说：“我希望既然欧洲理事会已经打开了这扇门，委员会会感到更自在地迈出进一步一步。至少，提供某种明确指引。”
“I hope that now that the European Council has opened this door, the Commission will feel more comfortable in taking an extra step. And at the very least, providing some kind of clear guidance,” Zavala Giler said.
作为一个过渡步骤，注册官建议使用“安抚函”，向企业保证它们不应遵守美国的措施。
As an intermediate step, the registrar suggested the use of “comfort letters” reassuring firms that they should not comply with the U.S. measures.
萨瓦拉·吉勒尔强调，制裁不仅是银行和科技运营商需要解决的问题，当前的不确定性已经影响到与法院合作的非政府组织。非政府组织在支持法院工作方面发挥着关键作用，例如“为乌干达受害者提供赔偿”或“协助法院为乌克兰受害者提供援助”。
Zavala Giler stressed that sanctions were not only a matter to address for banks and tech operators, as the current uncertainty has already affected NGOs working with the Court. NGOs play a critical role in supporting the work of the Court, for instance "to provide reparations for victims in Uganda" or "to assist the work of the court in providing assistance to victims in Ukraine."
“这造成了巨大的寒蝉效应，”他说。“他们不知道自己是否拥有法律保护，以继续支持法院的工作。”注册官办公室俯瞰着环绕法院六座塔楼的护城河，占地46,000平方米。在这些建筑之一中，前菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特因涉嫌危害人类罪的审判预计将于下个月开始。报道该审判的记者不得使用手机——只能使用纸和笔。
“This has created an enormous chilling effect," he said. "They don’t know if they have the legal protections or not, to continue supporting the work of the court.”The registrar's office overlooks the moat circling the court's six towers across the compound's 46,000 square meters. In one of these buildings, the trial of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte over alleged crimes against humanity is due to begin next month. Reporters who will cover the proceeds won't be allowed to use their phones — only paper and pen.
监督这个庞大机构是萨瓦拉·吉勒尔的工作，该机构依赖安全通信、跨境调查资金以及众多非政府组织的贡献。
It is Zavala Giler's job to oversee this huge institution, which relies on secure communications, cross-border funding for investigations and the contribution of many NGOs.
“这个法院为受害者带来了‘再也不发生’的承诺，”萨瓦拉·吉勒尔说。
"This court has for victims the promise of the never again," Zavala Giler said.