
德克萨斯州州长民主党候选人吉娜·伊诺霍萨与史蒂夫·班农并没有太多共同点,但她喜欢引用班农的一句格言:“塔兰特县如何,德克萨斯州便如何,世界便如何。”塔兰特县是德克萨斯州最大的县之一,历来是共和党的大本营。不过在过去一年里,民主党在那里取得了一些重大胜利,包括翻转了一个共和党把持了三十多年的参议院席位。
Gina Hinojosa, the Democratic candidate for governor of Texas, doesn’t have much in common with Steve Bannon, but she likes to quote one of his maxims: “As goes Tarrant County, so goes Texas, and so goes the world.”Tarrant, one of the largest counties in Texas, is traditionally a Republican bastion. In the past year, though, Democrats have secured some major victories there, including flipping a Senate seat that the G.O.P. had held for more than three decades.
伊诺霍萨希望这些胜利能在11月3日蔓延至全州——利用这一“千载难逢的机遇风暴”。直到一年前,伊诺霍萨在德克萨斯州众议院之外鲜为人知。这位52岁的劳工律师于2012年竞选奥斯汀学区董事会职位,由此开启政治生涯。她为公立教育而战,从而进入州众议院,连任五届,成为州长格雷格·阿博特最直言不讳的反对者之一。
Hinojosa is hoping that these wins spread across the state on November 3rd—taking advantage of a “perfect storm of opportunity.”Until a year ago, Hinojosa was little known outside the Texas House of Representatives. A fifty-two-year-old labor lawyer, she got her start in politics in 2012, after running for a school-board position in Austin. Her fight for public education led her to the state House, where she served five terms, becoming one of Governor Greg Abbott’s most vocal opponents.
随着今年中期选举临近,伊诺霍萨曾试图说服几位同事参加州长竞选。“我找不到愿意接手的人,因为阿博特有一亿美元竞选资金,”她告诉我。“后来我突然意识到,‘看,我跟这个人斗争了好几年。我能行,而且我必须行。’”共和党自1995年以来一直把持州长职位。如果伊诺霍萨获胜,她将成为该州历史上首位拉丁裔州长。
As this year’s midterms approached, Hinojosa tried to persuade several colleagues to enter the race for governor. “I couldn’t find a taker, because Abbott had a hundred million dollars,” she told me. “Then I just realized, ‘Look, I’ve been fighting this man for years. I can do this, and I to do this.’ ” Republicans have held the governorship since 1995. If Hinojosa wins, she’ll be the first Latina governor in the history of the state.
【导读】她的竞选在数月内几乎未引起关注,而阿博特则像无人对手一样竞选,几乎在公开场合不提欣诺萨。但进入夏季后,民调开始显示他的领先优势缩小,到九月中旬,欣诺萨反超。在德克萨斯州,民主党候选人常常引发全国关注后又迅速消退,欣诺萨试图打造一场超越党派的竞选。她认为选民已经厌倦了“在激烈的情绪化战斗中互相争斗”,民主党也浪费了时间在意识形态辩论上。
The Lede Her candidacy drew little attention for months, while Abbott campaigned as if he were running unopposed, barely mentioning Hinojosa in public. But, over the summer, polls began to show his lead narrowing, and in mid-September Hinojosa pulled ahead. In Texas, where Democratic candidates often generate national excitement and then fizzle, Hinojosa has tried to build a post-partisan campaign. She believes that voters have grown tired of “fighting each other in pitched emotional battles,” and that Democrats have lost time engaging in ideological debates.
“文化战争根本赢不了,”她说。“我的议程不是民主党的议程,而是民粹主义议程。”对欣诺萨来说,这意味着搁置跨性别权利等问题,专注于钱包问题。德克萨斯州是美国无保险居民比例最高的州。六分之一的家庭无法稳定地把食物放在餐桌上,德州居民断电率也位居美国前列。欣诺萨说,她看到很多人在血浆中心外排长队——血浆中心是许多人可靠的收入来源。
“There’s just no winning the culture war,” she said. “My agenda is not a Democratic agenda. It’s a populist agenda.”For Hinojosa, that means setting aside such concerns as transgender rights to focus on pocketbook issues. Texas has the country’s highest proportion of uninsured residents. One in six households can’t afford to reliably put food on their table, and Texans have had their electricity shut off at one of the highest rates in the United States. Hinojosa speaks of seeing long lines outside plasma centers—a reliable source of income for many.
教育一直是她竞选的核心。“阿博特对德克萨斯州公立学校宣战,”她对我说,重复着她最喜欢的论点。“它们常常是我们农村县最大的雇主,却勉强维持运转。”在州议会,欣诺萨反对阿博特最具争议的提案之一:一张旨在将数亿美元税款投入私立学校的教育券法案。批评者认为,该法案会把学生从公立学校吸走,进一步削减其预算——许多共和党议员也持这一观点。在宾夕法尼亚州对冲基金亿万富翁、教育券坚定支持者杰夫·亚斯的支持下,阿博特让反对者被投票淘汰。该法案去年通过。
Education has been central to her campaign. “Abbott has declared war on Texas public schools,” she told me, repeating a favorite talking point. “They’re often the largest employer in our rural counties, and they’re barely holding on.”In the state House, Hinojosa fought against one of Abbott’s most controversial proposals: a voucher bill designed to funnel hundreds of millions of dollars of tax money into private schools. Critics argued that it would draw students away from public institutions and further gut their budgets—a view that many Republican members shared. With support from Jeff Yass, a Pennsylvania hedge-fund billionaire who is committed to school vouchers, Abbott got detractors voted out of office. The bill passed last year.
农村地区的共和党人坚决反对学费券,而欣霍萨发现了共同点。她指出,得克萨斯州一百八十多个学区的学生每周只上四天课。全州各学校都在努力留住教师,而人工智能主导的项目也在渗透。为了接触不满的共和党人,欣霍萨经常谈起她为保护儿子的小学所做的斗争,该校曾因州预算削减而面临关闭威胁。“我想要的就是妈妈们想要的,”她说。“她们希望课堂上有优秀的教师,希望班级规模更小,希望社区里有一所好学校。”
Republicans in rural areas staunchly opposed vouchers, and Hinojosa saw a point of commonality. She noted that children in more than a hundred and eighty Texan school districts were attending class only four days a week. Schools across the state were struggling to retain teachers, while programs led by A.I. were making inroads. To reach disgruntled Republicans, Hinojosa often talks about her fight to protect her son’s elementary school, which was threatened with closure by state budget cuts. “What I want is what moms want,” she said. “They want a great teacher in the classroom, they want smaller class sizes, they want a good school in the neighborhood.”
为欣霍萨和参议院民主党候选人詹姆斯·塔拉里科工作的民主党顾问查克·罗查说,他不断遇到选民提出的同样的问题:“如果我们有足够的钱在其他国家投掷炸弹,为什么就没有钱办我们的学校?如果我们有足够的钱让特朗普多赚十亿美元,那为什么就没有钱降低牛排肉的成本?”他补充说:“我从没见过人们这么愤怒。”
Chuck Rocha, a Democratic consultant who is working for both Hinojosa and James Talarico, the Democratic candidate for Senate, said that he kept running into the same questions from voters: “If we’ve got enough money to drop bombs in other countries, why don’t we have money for our schools? If we have enough money to make Donald Trump a billion more dollars, then why don’t we have money to bring down the cost of carne asada?”He added, “I’ve never seen folks this angry.”
然而,在得克萨斯州政坛工作近四十年的罗查对民主党人提出了警告。“这些人不是因为现在爱上了民主党的一切才跑到我们的党派和候选人身边,他们这么做是因为对共和党人愤怒,”他说。“我们还有两年时间来阐明为什么他们应该在总统选举中支持我们,而我们离这个目标还很远。我称之为机遇选举:我们有机会让这些人回归,但他们是否留下,还取决于我们自己。”
Yet Rocha, who has worked in Texas politics for nearly forty years, had a word of caution for Democrats. “These folks aren’t running to the Party and our nominees because they’re now in love with all things Democrat—they’re doing it because they’re mad at Republicans,” he said. “We still have two more years to make our case about why they should be with us in the Presidential, which we’re nowhere near. This is what I call an opportunity election: we have an opportunity for these folks to come back, but whether they stay is still left on us.”
最近,我旁听了由民调公司Equis主持的两场拉丁裔选民焦点小组讨论。其联合创始人斯蒂芬妮·瓦伦西亚看到特朗普在得克萨斯州出现支持率流失的迹象,该州拥有美国第二多的拉丁裔登记选民。
Recently, I sat in on two focus groups with Latino voters led by the polling firm Equis. Its co-founder, Stephanie Valencia, was seeing signs of defection from Trump in Texas, which is home to the country’s second-largest number of registered Latino voters.
2024年,特朗普以十四个百分点的优势赢得该州,并获得超过半数的拉丁裔选票。瓦伦西亚表示,在可能投票的拉丁裔选民中,希诺萨目前以56比40领先阿博特。
In 2024, Trump carried the state with a fourteen-point lead, winning more than fifty per cent of the Latino vote. Now, Valencia said, Hinojosa was leading Abbott 56-40 among Latinos who are likely to vote.
焦点小组中几乎所有女性在上一次选举中都投了阿博特的票。她们表示,在阿博特的领导下,德克萨斯州多年来繁荣发展:经济蓬勃发展,汽油价格很少超过每加仑两美元。在她们看来,发生变化的是州长与特朗普的结盟。巨额资金投入了州内不需要的项目,例如边境墙。与此同时,阿博特反对扩大关键项目,例如医疗补助计划。当被问及是否认为国家正朝着错误的方向发展时,所有女性都举起了手。
Almost all the women in the focus groups had voted for Abbott in the last election. They said that Texas had thrived for years under his leadership: the economy boomed, and gas rarely cost more than two dollars a gallon. What changed, in their view, was the Governor’s alliance with Trump. Vast sums of money had gone into projects the state didn’t need, such as the border wall. Meanwhile, Abbott had opposed the expansion of key programs, such as Medicaid. When participants were asked if they felt the country was headed in the wrong direction, all the women raised their hands.
在某个时刻,小组的主持人播放了一则希诺萨竞选广告:广告中,这位民主党候选人谈起二十多年前,尽管被诊断出胎儿患有致命畸形,她仍决定将妊娠继续到底。“我和丈夫正满怀喜悦期待我们的第一个孩子,”希诺萨说道,屏幕上出现了他们婚礼的照片。“医生说,‘我需要你明白,她活不下来了。’”希诺萨强忍泪水补充道:“我明白,但那是我要做的选择。我选择了她。”
At one point, the groups’ moderator played an ad from Hinojosa’s campaign: in it, the Democratic candidate talks about her decision, more than twenty years ago, to carry a pregnancy to term, despite being given a diagnosis of a deadly fetal anomaly. “My husband and I were overjoyed expecting our first,” Hinojosa says, as photos of their wedding appear onscreen. “The doctor said, ‘I need you to understand she’s not gonna live.’ ” Fighting back tears, Hinojosa adds, “I did understand, but I was making that choice. I chose her.”
女性们认为这则广告很有说服力。“掌权者是从富足的立场来治理的,”一位女性说。“他们完全不了解低收入人群正在经历什么。”并非所有人都了解希诺萨的经历,但她们都同意德克萨斯州需要改变。“她有目标——并且知道自己想要实现什么,”另一位参与者说。
The women found the ad persuasive. “The people in power are governing from a position of opulence,” one said. “They have no idea what low-income folks are going through.”Not everyone was familiar with Hinojosa’s trajectory, but they all agreed that Texas needed a change. “She has a purpose—and knows what she wants to achieve,” another participant said.
我与伊诺霍萨交谈时提到了那则广告。自从最高法院推翻“罗诉韦德案”以来,面临伊诺霍萨这类困境的孕妇在得克萨斯州已别无选择;该州的孕产妇死亡率是全美最高的之一。我问她在政治务实与女性权利之间如何划界。“我们只能在现实中工作,对吧?”她说,“现实是,我极有可能在共和党仍掌握实质权力的环境中运作,而在极端堕胎禁令这件事上,我们身处深坑,无法一夜之间解决。”她补充道:“我不会假装我的当选能让我们走出那个坑。”
I raised the ad when I spoke with Hinojosa. Since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, pregnant women faced with difficult situations like Hinojosa’s no longer have a choice in Texas; the state has one of the country’s highest maternal-mortality rates. I asked where she drew the line between political pragmatism and women’s rights. “We can only work in reality, right?” she said. “The reality is that I will likely be operating in a space where Republicans still hold substantial power, and we are in a deep hole when it comes to this extreme abortion ban, and it is not something that we’re going to be able to fix overnight.”She added, “I’m not going to pretend that my election is going to get us out of that hole.”
伊诺霍萨的目标是优先推进得州民众能达成共识的议题——包括监管数据中心的必要性,这已成为一个两党选民都意外关注的热门议题。伊诺霍萨此前曾支持一些吸引数据中心的措施,但力度不如阿博特激进。她形容州长已将得州变成了“数据中心的狂野西部”。他为开发商提供每年价值约10亿美元的税收豁免,对用水和用能几乎不设限制。
Hinojosa’s goal was to prioritize issues that Texans could agree on—including the need to regulate data centers, which has become an unexpectedly popular concern among voters of both parties. Hinojosa previously supported some measures to attract data centers, but less aggressively than Abbott did. In her description, the Governor had turned Texas into the “Wild West of data centers.”He had offered developers tax exemptions worth about a billion dollars a year and imposed few limits on the usage of water or energy. (In turn, his campaign had received lavish contributions from donors linked to the industry.)
(作为回报,他的竞选团队收到了与该行业有关联的捐赠人的慷慨捐款。)“任何数据中心政策最重要的一点,是让当地社区对数据中心是否、以及如何进入他们的社区拥有发言权,”她说,“因为没有规则保护得州人。”
“The most important thing in any data-center policy is for local communities to have a say on if—and how—those data centers come into their communities,” she said. “Because there are no rules protecting Texans.”
随着伊诺霍萨今夏民调支持率上升,阿博特在数据中心问题上反转立场,宣布暂停新项目开发,并对用水和用能情况进行审计。预计审计将在大选一个月后结束。
As Hinojosa gained in the polls this summer, Abbott reversed his position on data centers, announcing a moratorium on new developments and an audit on the use of water and energy. The audit is expected to conclude a month after the election.
“休斯顿大学政治学家布兰登·罗廷豪斯告诉我:‘伊诺霍萨认为富有捐赠者已俘获州政府,这一论点触动了人们对金钱在政治中影响力的更广泛不满。’‘她获胜的路径不仅要求动员民主党人,还要赢得郊区独立选民的支持,并说服一些传统共和党选民认为是时候改变了。伊诺霍萨需要让这场选举成为对阿博特在得州执政记录的公投,而不仅仅是对全国共和党政治的公投。’”
“Hinojosa’s argument that wealthy donors have captured state government taps into a broader frustration with the influence of money in politics,” Brandon Rottinghaus, a political scientist at the University of Houston, told me. “Her path to victory requires not simply mobilizing Democrats but winning over suburban Independents and persuading some traditionally Republican voters that it is time for a change. Hinojosa needs to make the election a referendum on Abbott’s record in Texas rather than simply a referendum on national Republican politics.”
罗廷豪斯认为,这对她依然是一场艰难的战斗:阿博特在筹款和知名度方面拥有显著优势,且拥有主导得州政治数十年的政党基础设施。目前,州长的支出是她的十倍,最近的民调显示他保持着微弱领先。“她在这场竞选中一直在乞求、借贷、挖空心思争取每一美元——直到现在才开始筹到大笔资金,”民主党顾问罗查说。“这一切都发生得太晚了。”
This was still an uphill battle for her, Rottinghaus argued: Abbott has significant advantages in fund-raising and name recognition, as well as a party infrastructure that has dominated Texas politics for decades. The Governor is currently outspending her ten to one, and recent polls show him with a modest lead. “She’s been begging, borrowing, and stealing every dollar she could get in this race—and just now is starting to raise major money,” Rocha, the Democratic consultant, said. “It’s all happened late.”
最近几周,数十位拉美裔领袖敦促民主党州长协会向伊诺霍萨的竞选活动承诺一千万美元。民主党州长协会仅提出提供一百万美元。“全国民主党习惯于稳妥行事,”伊诺霍萨说。“2026年不是稳妥行事的时候。”距离选举不足两周时,据估计得州仍有百分之二十的选民未曾听到她竞选团队的声音。“得州是大赌客的牌桌:你必须下大注才能参局,但那是因为回报巨大,全国层面的赌注也很大。”
In recent weeks, dozens of Latino leaders urged the Democratic Governors Association to commit ten million dollars to Hinojosa’s campaign. The D.G.A. offered a million dollars instead. “National Democrats are used to playing it safe,” Hinojosa said. “2026 is not the time to play it safe.”Less than two weeks before the election, an estimated twenty per cent of voters in Texas had yet to hear from her campaign. “Texas is a high roller’s table: you have to pay big to play, but that’s because the payout is so big and the stakes are big nationally.”
伊诺霍萨刚与民主党州长协会主席安迪·贝希尔通过电话。我问她是否向他陈述了这一观点。“是的,”她回答。贝希尔的回应是什么?“他的回应是他们将承诺一百万美元,”她说。
Hinojosa had just had a phone call with the D.G.A.’s chair, Andy Beshear. I asked if she had made that case to him. “Yes,” she replied. What was Beshear’s response? “His response was that they were going to commit a million,” she said.