印度炼油厂越来越多地转向波斯湾原油，并逐渐减少对主要供应国俄罗斯的依赖，因为高昂的运费侵蚀了长途运输的经济性。
Indian refiners are increasingly turning to Persian Gulf crude and pulling back from their mainstay supplier Russia, as sky-high freight costs erode the economics of long-haul shipments.
据参与谈判的贸易商透露，部分伊拉克原油货物在发货前以每桶超过25美元的折扣价出售，基准为迪拜基准价。以到岸价计算，这相当于比布伦特现货价每桶便宜数美元。相比之下，俄罗斯原油报价比基准价高出约每桶2美元，使得从印度最大供应国采购变得不划算，上述贸易商表示，因涉及商业敏感信息，要求不具名。
Some Iraqi cargoes are being sold at discounts of more than $25 a barrel to the Dubai benchmark before shipping, according to traders involved in the talks. On a delivered basis, that translates into discounts of several dollars a barrel to Dated Brent. Russian crude, by comparison, is being offered at about a $2 premium to the benchmark, making purchases from India’s biggest supplier uneconomical, the traders said, asking not to be named discussing commercially sensitive information.
国有炼企印度石油公司首席财务官Vetsa Ramakrishna Gupta周一在业绩电话会上表示：“由于商业可行性原因，11月来自俄罗斯的货物显著减少。由于运费上涨，我们从俄罗斯那里得不到好的报价。”这种转变不止于伊拉克。沙特阿美贸易部门近期以最高每桶10美元的折扣价（基准为迪拜基准价）出售了一些即期装船的哈夫吉原油，而阿布扎比国家石油公司本月初以小幅折扣出售了约2000万桶原油。
“Cargoes from Russia have significantly reduced due to their commercial viability” in November, state-owned refiner Bharat Petroleum Corp.’s Chief Financial Officer Vetsa Ramakrishna Gupta said on an earnings call on Monday. “Due to the increase in freight, we are not getting good offers from Russia.”The shift extends beyond Iraq. Saudi Aramco’s trading arm recently sold some prompt-loading Khafji crude at discounts of as much as $10 a barrel to the Dubai benchmark, while Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. sold about 20 million barrels of crude earlier this month at a small discount.
这种逆转正在重塑印度的原油贸易，距离俄乌战争爆发已近八个月。这有可能瓦解俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后形成的贸易格局，当时欧洲客户退出，印度成为莫斯科原油的关键买家。
The reversal is reshaping India’s crude trade almost eight months into the war. It threatens to unwind trade patterns established after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, when India emerged as a crucial buyer of Moscow’s barrels as European customers pulled back.
尽管近期针对船只的袭击事件增加，但中东石油流向已恢复至战前水平附近，因为严重依赖原油收入的经济体正推动维持出口。与此同时，俄罗斯发货量正在减少，而飙升的运费使得前往印度等买家的长途运输成本日益高昂。
Oil flows from the Middle East have recovered to near prewar levels despite the recent increase in attacks on ships, as the economies heavily dependent on crude revenue push to keep exports moving. Meanwhile, Russian shipments are dwindling, while soaring freight rates have made the longer journey to buyers such as India increasingly costly.
印度斯坦石油公司董事长维卡斯·考沙尔周五在分析师电话会议上表示，海湾产油国为推销原油，提供的折扣力度已大到足以抵消“天文数字”般的运费。
Gulf producers struggling to move their crude are offering discounts deep enough to offset the “astronomical” freight rates, Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Chairman Vikas Kaushal told analysts on a conference call Friday.
俄罗斯仍是全球第三大原油进口国的首要供应国，但不断变化的商业逻辑正在蚚蚀其市场份额。据贸易商透露，印度石油公司10月大幅削减从莫斯科的采购，因为该原油已不再具备经济性。
Russia remains the top supplier for the world’s third-biggest oil importer, but the changing economics are eroding its share. Bharat Petroleum sharply cut purchases from Moscow in October because the crude was no longer economical, according to the traders.
印度石油公司的古普塔表示，11月从俄罗斯的进口量低于来自海湾的供应量，后者更具商业可行性。规模更大的竞争对手印度石油天然气公司和曼格洛尔炼油石化有限公司也减少了对俄罗斯原油的采购。
November imports from Russia are lower than supplies from the Gulf, which are more commercially viable, BPCL’s Gupta said. Larger rival Indian Oil Corp. and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. have also reduced purchases of Russian crude.
知情人士称，这些炼厂还通过自行租船前往海湾装运伊拉克原油，更多地掌控运输成本。相比之下，俄罗斯原油通常以到岸价交付印度港口，买方对运费的掌控较少。
The processors are also taking greater control of shipping costs by chartering their own tankers to sail into the Gulf and lift Iraqi crude. Russian barrels, by contrast, typically arrive at Indian ports on a delivered basis, giving buyers less control over freight, the people said.