司法部正在向所有50个州和哥伦比亚特区索取选民登记名单数据，作为其认为的“确保各州拥有适当且有效的选民登记和选民名单维护计划”这一职责的一部分。虽然许多州已配合请求，但司法部已对拒绝配合的30个州和华盛顿特区提起诉讼。司法部表示，必须遵守总统2025年3月签署的行政命令，该命令要求司法部长“确保遵守”选民登记法律，并“对未遵守选举法律的州采取适当行动”。
The Justice Department is seeking voter registration list data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia as part of what they consider to be their responsibility to “ensure that states have proper and effective voter registration and voter list maintenance programs.”While many states have complied with the requests, the department has filed lawsuits against 30 states and Washington, D.C., for refusing. The Justice Department has said it must comply with the president’s March 2025 executive order, which requires the attorney general to “ensure compliance” with voter registration laws, and to “take appropriate action with respect to states that fail to comply” with voter laws.
这些请求不同寻常。司法部以前曾向各州索要过选举信息，但从未像这样向如此多的州索要选民登记数据库。各州自行举办选举并维护自己的选民数据。美国没有全国性的选民数据库，联邦政府也不监督美国选举。但唐纳德·特朗普总统仍错误地坚称2020年大选被窃取，且存在大规模选民欺诈，尽管他自己政府的成员曾表示没有证据支持这些说法，他却建议共和党应将选举全国化。
The requests were unusual. The Justice Department has asked for information from states on elections before, but not voter registration databases from so many states. States run their own elections and maintain their own voter data. There is no national database of voters, and the federal government does not oversee U.S. elections. But President Donald Trump, who still falsely maintains the 2020 election was stolen and that there is widespread voter fraud though members of his own administration have said there was no evidence to back up those claims, has suggested that Republicans should nationalize elections.
这一举措将违反美国宪法。司法部要求各州同意签署一份所谓的“保密谅解备忘录”，该备忘录将要求各州提供选民姓名、出生日期、居住地址、州驾照号码以及社会安全号码后四位。司法部表示，在各州移交数据后，他们将就司法部在“测试、评估和分析”该州选民登记名单时发现的任何“选民名单维护问题、不足、缺陷、瑕疵、异常或担忧”通知相关官员。
That move would violate the U.S. Constitution. The Justice Department is asking states to agree to what they call a “confidential memorandum of understanding,” which would require states to include voter names, dates of birth, residential addresses, state driver’s licenses and the last four digits of their Social Security numbers. The DOJ says that after the states hand over the data, they’ll alert the officials to any “voter list maintenance issues, insufficiencies, inadequacies, deficiencies, anomalies, or concerns, the Justice Department found when testing, assessing and analyzing” the state’s voter registration lists.
值得注意的是，六个倾向共和党的州拒绝移交数据：爱达荷州、犹他州、西弗吉尼亚州、肯塔基州和佐治亚州。并非所有移交了数据的州都同意签署协议；爱荷华州、密西西比州、南达科他州和田纳西州没有签署。以下是诉讼的现状：正在进行的诉讼：司法部在三个州有正在进行的诉讼：特拉华州、夏威夷州和爱达荷州。
Notably, six Republican-leaning states have refused to turn over their data: Idaho, Utah, West Virginia, Kentucky and Georgia. And not every state that has handed over their data has agreed to sign the agreements; Iowa, Mississippi, South Dakota and Tennessee did not. Here’s where the lawsuits stand: Ongoing litigation: The Justice Department has ongoing litigation in three states: Delaware, Hawaii and Idaho.
他们在全国范围内起诉了州务卿、选举委员会和选举委员会，以获取这些信息，他们表示这些信息将用于调查任何潜在的“选民名单维护问题、不足、缺陷、瑕疵、异常或担忧”。
They’ve sued secretaries of state, elections commissions and boards of elections around the country in their efforts to get this information that they say will be used to look into any potential “voter list maintenance issues, insufficiencies, inadequacies, deficiencies, anomalies or concerns.”
上诉驳回裁决：亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州、科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、伊利诺伊州、肯塔基州、缅因州、马里兰州、马萨诸塞州、明尼苏达州、内华达州、新罕布什尔州、新泽西州、新墨西哥州、纽约州、俄勒冈州、宾夕法尼亚州、罗德岛州、弗吉尼亚州、西弗吉尼亚州和威斯康星州。上诉法院维持驳回裁决：密歇根州。诉讼被驳回：佐治亚州、犹他州、佛蒙特州和华盛顿州。
Dismissal appealed: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Dismissal affirmed by appeals court: Michigan. Litigation dismissed: Georgia, Utah, Vermont and Washington.
特例：司法部与俄克拉荷马州达成和解，该州同意提供选民数据，以换取司法部撤销诉讼。司法部与北卡罗来纳州选举委员会就该问题达成法律和解。北达科他州一直在与司法部讨论潜在的信息共享协议，且未提起诉讼。在阿拉巴马州，曾提出数据请求，但州官员未回应关于该请求进展的问题。根据跟踪这些案件的布伦南司法中心的说法，截至去年夏天，司法部正在与北达科他州就提供数据事宜进行讨论。
Outliers: The Justice Department reached a settlement with Oklahoma, with the state agreeing to provide voter data in exchange for the DOJ dismissing the lawsuit. The Justice Department and the North Carolina State Board of Elections reached a legal settlement on the issue. North Dakota has been discussing a potential information-sharing agreement with the DOJ, and no lawsuit has been filed. In Alabama, a request for data was made but state officials didn’t respond to questions about where that request stands. In North Dakota, the Justice Department was in discussions with the state over supplying the data as of last summer, according to the Brennan Center for Justice, which tracks the cases.
自愿提供选民数据的州：爱荷华州、怀俄明州、南达科他州、内布拉斯加州、俄亥俄州、印第安纳州、得克萨斯州、阿拉斯加州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、阿肯色州、田纳西州、南卡罗来纳州、佛罗里达州、密苏里州、堪萨斯州和蒙大拿州。
States that willingly provided voter data: Iowa, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, Texas, Alaska, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, South Carolina, Florida, Missouri, Kansas and Montana.