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博物馆因未获古埃及人或其后裔“同意”而将木乃伊移出公众视野Museums hide mummies from public view due to lack of 'consent' from ancient Egyptians or their descendants

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一具古埃及石棺——即用于安放木乃伊的装饰棺椁——于2017年8月17日在苏格兰格拉斯哥的凯尔文格罗夫美术馆和博物馆展出。(图片来源:360b/Alamy Stock Photo)An ancient Egyptian sarcophagus, the decorated coffin created to house a Mummy, displayed at the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, Schottland/ Scotland, Aug. 17, 2017. (Credit: 360b/Alamy Stock Photo)

据报道,苏格兰的两家博物馆已将古埃及木乃伊从公众视野中移除,原因是担心这些遗体在未经死者同意的情况下被展出。

Two museums in Scotland have reportedly removed ancient Egyptian mummies from public view out of concern that they were displayed without the consent of the deceased.

凯尔文格罗夫美术馆和博物馆是苏格兰格拉斯哥几家已更改人类遗骸展示政策的博物馆之一。英国广播公司(BBC)报道称,管理凯尔文格罗夫的格拉斯哥生活文化体育局(Glasgow Life)移除了生活在3500多年前的埃及祭司内赫特(Nekht)的木乃伊遗骸及其彩绘棺椁,理由是“缺乏死者个人或其后裔的同意”。

Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum is one of several museums in Glasgow, Scotland, that have changed their policies on displaying human remains. The BBC reported that Glasgow Life, which manages Kelvingrove, removed the mummified remains of the Egyptian priest Nekht, who lived more than 3,500 years ago, along with his painted coffin, in the "absence of consent from the deceased individual or their descendants."

格拉斯哥生活文化体育局的一位发言人对福克斯新闻数字频道(Fox News Digital)表示:“格拉斯哥生活文化体育局旗下博物馆将人类遗骸从展览中移除,反映了当代博物馆的惯例。”

A spokesperson for Glasgow Life told Fox News Digital, "The removal of human remains from display at Glasgow Life museums reflects contemporary museum practice."

该发言人继续说道:“国际博物馆协会(ICOM)于2026年6月发布的修订版《职业道德准则》指出:‘博物馆应维护人类遗骸固有的尊严,并促进对其重要性的尊重。’” “全党议会非洲赔偿小组(All-Party Parliamentary Group on Afrikan Reparations)2025年的报告《安息先祖》(‘Laying Ancestors to Rest’)也对古埃及人类遗骸的展示提出了伦理担忧,原因是一贯无视先祖潜在的意愿以及最初安葬他们的社区的初衷。”

"The International Council of Museums’ revised Code of Ethics, published in June 2026, states that ‘Museums should uphold the inherent dignity of human remains and promote respect for their significance,’" the spokesperson continued. "The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Afrikan Reparations 2025 report, ‘Laying Ancestors to Rest,’ also raises ethical concerns about the display of ancient Egyptian human remains due to the consistent disregard of the potential wishes of the ancestors and the intention of the communities that originally laid them to rest."

该发言人总结道:“格拉斯哥生活文化体育局博物馆的《人类遗骸政策》草案提议,只有在有死者个人书面知情同意,或在适当情况下有其后裔同意时,才应展示人类遗骸。”“在缺乏此类同意的情况下,我们认为将古埃及人类遗骸从展览中移除,对死者个人更为尊重。”

"Glasgow Life Museums’ draft Human Remains Policy proposes that human remains should only be displayed where there is documented and informed consent from the deceased individual or, in appropriate circumstances, their descendants," the spokesperson concluded. "In the absence of such consent, we believe removing ancient Egyptian human remains from display is more respectful to the deceased individuals."

2025年7月13日,苏格兰格拉斯哥大学内亨特里安博物馆和美术馆所在校区的红砂岩入口拱门。(iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus)The red sandstone entrance arch to the University of Glasgow campus, home to the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, in Glasgow, Scotland, on July 13, 2025. (iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus)

格拉斯哥的另一家博物馆——亨特里安博物馆(The Hunterian)表示,谢普-恩-荷尔女士(Lady Shep-En-Hor)精美的石棺(即装饰华丽的棺椁)将继续展出,但其木乃伊遗骸今后将被遮盖。

The Hunterian, another museum in Glasgow, said the elaborate sarcophagus, or decorated coffin, of Lady Shep-En-Hor will remain on display, but her mummified remains will be covered going forward.

当福克斯新闻数字频道联系亨特里安博物馆时,该馆提供了一份新闻稿,其中称:“作为其致力于成为更具道德性机构承诺的一部分,格拉斯哥大学亨特里安博物馆正在考量其馆藏各板块中的考古和解剖类人类遗骸藏品。” 博物馆面临着关于文物所有权和展示的日益增长的质疑,这些文物特别是在西方殖民统治时期从其他国家获取。亨特里安博物馆的决定也引发了这样一个问题:博物馆是否应区别对待来自英国本土的人类遗骸与源自海外的人类遗骸。

When contacted by Fox News Digital, the Hunterian provided a press release which said, "As part of its commitment to becoming a more ethical institution, The Hunterian at the University of Glasgow is considering its holdings of archaeological and anatomical human remains across all sections of its collections." Museums have faced growing questions about the ownership and display of artifacts acquired from other countries, particularly during periods of Western colonial rule. The Hunterian's decision also raises questions about whether museums should treat human remains from the United Kingdom differently from those originating abroad.

格拉斯哥生活文化体育集团已将一具埃及木乃伊从凯尔文格罗夫美术馆和博物馆的展陈中撤下,此举源于对展示人类遗骸征得同意一事的担忧。这一决定反映了博物馆界关于展示古埃及人类遗骸伦理问题的持续讨论,2026年10月22日。(图片来源:JaGlasgow Life has removed an Egyptian mummy from display at Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum following concerns over consent for the display of human remains. The decision reflects ongoing discussions surrounding the ethical display of ancient Egyptian remains in museums, Oct. 22, 2026. (Credit: Ja

声明续称:“人类遗骸是亨特里安博物馆最热切寻求归还给其源头社区和原籍国的藏品之一。” “亨特里安博物馆也在重新评估将向公众展示的内容,并作为其对这些藏品进行敬重保管职责的一部分,决定不再将来自英国境外的人类遗骸公开展出。”

"Human remains are among those items which The Hunterian seeks most keenly to return to their communities and nations of origin," the statement continued. "The Hunterian is also re-assessing what will be on display to the general public and, as part of its duty for the respectful care of these collections, it has decided to no longer put human remains from outside the UK on open display."

声明补充道:“经深入考量并咨询包括埃及学家在内的专家后,亨特里安博物馆决定继续展出谢普-恩-霍尔女士的石棺,作为晚期古埃及丧葬艺术的佳作,但将遮盖木乃伊遗体,使其不再被参观。” 声明指出:“亨特里安博物馆认为,谢普-恩-霍尔女士在死后理应享有隐私。”

"After in-depth consideration and consultation with experts, including Egyptologists, The Hunterian has decided to continue to display Lady Shep-En-Hor’s sarcophagus as a fine work of Late Period Ancient Egyptian funerary art, but to cover the mummified person, so she can no longer be viewed," the statement added, specifying that "The Hunterian takes the view that the Lady Shep-En-Hor deserves privacy in death." The decisions follow a revision to the International Council of Museums' (ICOM) Code of Ethics, which calls on museums to "uphold the inherent dignity of human remains and promote respect for their significance," according to the BBC report.

这些决定是在国际博物馆协会(ICOM)《职业道德准则》修订之后作出的,据英国广播公司(BBC)报道,该准则呼吁博物馆“维护人类遗骸固有的尊严,并推动对其重要性的尊重”。

"Decisions about these items and collections should be made in collaboration with descendants or communities from which they originate, if known," the ICOM guidance added.

2025年7月13日,游客在苏格兰格拉斯哥著名的凯尔文格罗夫美术馆和博物馆那令人印象深刻的红砂岩立面前行走、休憩。(iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus)Visitors walk and relax in front of the impressive red sandstone facade of the famous Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, Scotland, on July 13, 2025. (iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus)

国际博物馆协会的指导原则补充道:“关于这些项目和藏品的决定,应在已知的情况下,与其源头的后裔或社区协作制定。”

Steph Scholten, a professor who serves on ICOM's ethics committee, told the BBC that the guidelines can be interpreted differently by institutions.

担任国际博物馆协会(ICOM)伦理委员会成员的教授斯特凡·肖尔滕对BBC表示,这些指南可被不同机构作出不同解读。

"What the code of ethics puts forward is that these topics need careful consideration and decision making, they do not suggest one fixed outcome.

他说:“伦理准则提出的是这些议题需要审慎考量和决策,并未预设单一固定的结果。凯尔文格罗夫博物馆和亨特里安博物馆对我们的展陈得出了略有不同的结论。”“伦理准则并未规定必须将所有人类遗骸撤下展示。”

Kelvingrove and The Hunterian have come to slightly different outcomes about our displays," he said. "The code of ethics does not prescribe that all human remains should be taken of display."

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