一些曼尼托巴的原住民表示，他们赞同省长瓦布·基内乌（Wab Kinew）的观点，即加拿大应废除《印第安法》，即使他们认为找到前进道路可能需要很长时间。
Some First Nations people in Manitoba say they agree with Premier Wab Kinew that Canada should abolish the Indian Act — even if they believe it will take a long time to find a way forward.
在周一于渥太华召开的原住民领袖与加拿大首相会议上，基内乌呼吁联邦政府废除这部于1876年制定的法律，该法最初几乎控制了原住民生活的各个方面。虽然法律已有所修改，但它仍是原住民的最高法律文件。
As First Nations leaders and Canada's first ministers convened in Ottawa on Monday, Kinew called on the federal government to do away with the 1876 law, which initially controlled almost every aspect of First Nations people's lives. While it's changed, the law remains the overarching legal document for First Nations.
米尼戈齐贝·阿尼什纳贝（Minegoziibe Anishinabe）酋长德里克·内皮纳克（Derek Nepinak）表示，即使此议题可能引发两极分化，国家进行这样的对话也是“健康的”。
Minegoziibe Anishinabe Chief Derek Nepinak said it's "healthy" for the country to have that conversation, even if it can be polarizing.
“这里有着深厚的历史，”他指出，“虽然并不总是议程上的内容，但这仍是必须进行的非常关键的对话。”基内乌在一次联邦、省级和原住民领袖会议上发表上述言论，会议旨在讨论原住民权利，他称自己的提议在峰会上得到了“开放的接受”。但也有人并不赞同。
"There's a deep history here," he said. It's "not always on the agenda, but nonetheless a very critical conversation that needs to be had." Kinew made the comments during a meeting of federal, provincial and First Nations leaders to discuss Indigenous rights, saying his proposal received an "open-minded reception" from others at the summit. But some were not enthused.
在曼尼托巴，布尼博尼比克克里族（Bunibonibee Cree Nation）酋长谢拉·诺斯（Sheila North）周一表示，她与之交谈的酋长们认为，省长以其省级领袖的身份呼吁废除该法案“不合适”，因为该省历史上曾多次违背对原住民的承诺。
In Manitoba, Bunibonibee Cree Nation Chief Sheila North said Monday that chiefs she spoke to thought it was "inappropriate" for the premier to be calling for the abolition of the act given his position as leader of a province that's historically broken its promises to First Nations.
“废除《印第安法》的时机已到，”曼尼托巴省长在与酋长们的历史性会面中对总理说。是“重置”还是“一次性解决”？原住民与首相们将举行历史性会晤。
曼尼托巴大学原住民教育教授弗兰克·迪尔（Frank Deer）说，作为安尼什纳贝人（Anishinaabe）的省长，在推动此议题上处于“独特的位置”。
'Time to abolish the Indian Act,' Manitoba premier tells PM in historic meeting with chiefs A 'reset' or 'one and done'? First Nations and first ministers set to hold historic meeting Frank Deer, an Indigenous education professor at the University of Manitoba, said the premier — who is Anishinaabe — is in a "unique position" to push the issue forward.
“我同意他的看法，认为是时候考虑摆脱这种相当陈旧的对加拿大原住民分类方式了，”迪尔说。
"I agree with him that it is time to consider moving on from this rather dated approach toward categorizing native people in Canada," Deer said.
“我认为，与《印第安法》相关的历史应当让加拿大人停下来想一想，为什么现在该把目光转向一些新事物。”该法律废除了传统的治理形式，并在某个时期禁止了礼仪习俗。
"I think some of the history that's associated with the Indian Act should give Canadians pause to consider why it is time to be looking at transferring the focus towards something new." The law dismantled traditional forms of governance and, at one point, outlawed ceremonial practices.
它甚至影响原住民在死后的情况。原住民服务部长必须批准保留地居民的法律遗嘱，并有权力完全撤销这些遗嘱。
It even affects First Nations people after they die. The Indigenous Services minister is required to approve wills for people living on reserve and has the power to void them altogether.
经过150年，加拿大仍然保留着《印第安法》。为什么它如此难以废除？该法律多年来经历了许多修正案，但始终未予废除。
After 150 years, Canada still has an Indian Act. Why is it so hard to get rid of? The act has received many amendments over the years, but it remains in place.
1969年，皮埃尔·特鲁多政府提出废除该法律的方案，即所谓的白皮书，遭到原住民领袖的广泛批评，他们视其为对其权利的攻击，以及试图同化原住民。
In 1969, a proposal from Pierre Trudeau's government to abolish the law, in what's known as the White Paper, drew widespread criticism from First Nations leaders, who saw it as an attack on their rights and an attempt to assimilate Indigenous people.
这份由让·克雷蒂安（Jean Chrétien）撰写、当时担任印第安事务部部长的文件，呼吁终结印第安身份、将原住民吸收为普通公民、终止条约以及将保留地土地私有化。
The document, authored by Jean Chrétien while he was Indian affairs minister, called for an end to Indian status, the absorption of First Nations people as ordinary citizens, the termination of treaties and the privatization of reserve lands.
卡尼表示愿意改革 总理马克·卡尼——在基内（Kinew）发表评论后告诉记者他愿意废除该法——周二表示，审查立法的过程不一定导致该法律被废除。
Carney open to reform Prime Minister Mark Carney — who told reporters he was open to abolishing the act following Kinew's comments — said Tuesday that a process to review the legislation would not necessarily lead to it being terminated.
联邦政府将与第一民族和各省及地区合作，提出可能的替代方案，卡尼说。
The federal government will work with First Nations and the provinces and territories to suggest possible replacements for it, Carney said.
大多数第一民族酋长认为《印第安法》已经过时且具有限制性，但对应该用什么来取代它却几乎没有共识。
Most First Nations chiefs agree the Indian Act is outdated and restrictive, but there is little consensus on what should replace it.
卡尼“非常开放”废除《印第安法》 2024年10月26日 时长 米克·萨瑟兰（Mike Sutherland）来自佩吉乌第一民族表示，废除该法律是一个“大工程”。萨瑟兰在周二温尼伯一家由原住民主导的商业孵化器开幕活动时表示：“说一套做一套，那是一回事，真正去做则是另一回事。”
Carney ‘very open’ to abolishing the Indian Act October 26 Duration Mike Sutherland from Peguis First Nation said abolishing the law is a "big ask." "It's one thing to say, the other thing to do it," Southerland said at an event marking the opening of an Indigenous-led business incubator in Winnipeg Tuesday.
“这是我们想看到的，但你知道，要实现它需要多长时间？”斯科温安第一民族的纳尔逊·内皮纳克在谈到150年后，是时候彻底废除该法案时说道。“是时候让原住民族进入自治并开始适当地自行治理了，”他说。
"It's something that we would like to see, but you know, how long is it going to take us to get there?" Nelson Nepinak from Skownan First Nation said after 150 years, it's time to get rid of the law altogether. "It's time for First Nations to go into self-government and start governing themselves appropriately," he said.
“我们有受过高等教育的年轻人。我们在原住民族社区的工作人员也能完成原住民族事务部正在做的同样工作。”
"We have the young people that are highly educated. We have our staff in our First Nations communities that can do the same job [Indigenous Services Canada] is doing."
活动人士警告称，过去一年关于《印第安法案》的主要讨论集中在它如何决定身份认定上。
Activist warning The main conversation about the Indian Act for the past year has been about how it determines status.
参议院提出的修正案将引入“一父母规则”，允许只要父母之一拥有印第安身份，家庭即可传递该身份。
Amendments proposed by the Senate would introduce a one-parent rule that would allow families to pass on Indian status as long as one parent has it.
原住民族事务部长曼迪·古尔-马斯蒂批评该提案是“一刀切的单一解决方案”，并表示需要更多协商。
Indigenous Services Minister Mandy Gull-Masty has criticized the proposal a "one-solution blanket," saying more consulations are needed.
如果原住民族决定退出《印第安法案》，已有政策可供选择，且已有多个社区就其领土的自治进行谈判。
There are policies in place if a First Nation decides to opt out of the Indian Act, with several communities having negotiated self-government over their territories.
古尔-马斯蒂所在的瓦斯瓦尼皮克里族是这些自治社区之一，依据1975年的詹姆斯湾和北魁北克协定——该协定中克雷蒂安曾发挥主导作用。卡尼政府在《印第安法案》改革法案上拖延，倡导者和立法者指责关于改革或废除《印第安法案》的讨论正值卡尼政府致力于加快与省份和原住民族共同推进重大项目的开发之际。
Gull-Masty's community, the Cree First Nation of Waswanipi, is one of those self-governing communities, under the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement — in which Chrétien played a leading role. Carney government is stalling on Indian Act reform bill, advocates, lawmakers charge Talk of reforming or abolishing the Indian Act comes as Carney works to speed up development of major projects alongside the provinces and Indigenous Peoples.
他政府的《建设加拿大法案》最初赋予渥太华规避《印第安法案》的权力。该条款在保守党和魁北克民族阵线的呼吁下被删除。
His government's Building Canada Act initially gave Ottawa the power to sidestep the Indian Act. That provision was removed in response to calls from the Conservatives and the Bloc Québécois.
律师兼“闲置不止”组织者贾尼斯·马科基斯表示，当前废除《印第安法案》的讨论是联邦数十年前努力的回声，这些努力曾在原住民族及其领袖中引发动荡。
Janice Makokis, a lawyer and Idle No More organizer, said the current talk of abolishing the Indian Act is an echo of federal efforts decades earlier that triggered unrest among First Nations people and leaders.
她在下议院门厅说：“我们必须审视，现代化和经济伙伴关系的措辞是否正被用来把权力从我们各国手中转移走，同时把我们的领土开放给开发。”
"We must scrutinize whether the language of modernization and economic partnership is being used to shift power away from our nations, while opening our territories to development," she said in the foyer of the House of Commons.
“我们的权利早在《印第安人法》之前就已存在；它们并不依赖于《印第安人法》。但如果没有一个由原住民自己主导的进程就废除该法，就有可能陷入又一个家长式统治的时代——由加拿大决定我们的自由应该是什么样子，然后为我们写下规则。”
"Our rights existed before the Indian Act; they do not depend on the Indian Act. But abolishing it without a process directed by First Nations themselves risks another era of paternalism, of Canada deciding what our freedom should look like then writing the rules for us."