英国提出财政下放计划以推动经济增长 伦敦，10月28日讯——英国政府周三表示，英格兰各地区将能够保留其所在地区征收的部分所得税和商业税，这是向世界上最集权的国家之一松绑的一步。
UK sets out fiscal devolution plan to boost economic growth LONDON, Oct 28 - England's regions will be able to retain a share of income and business rate taxes raised in their areas, the British government said on Wednesday, a step towards unwinding one of the most centralised countries in the world.
安迪·伯纳姆在今年夏天成为首相之前曾担任大曼彻斯特市长，他将将权力从伦敦转移作为政府的核心目标，这是他所说的对英国国家机构进行“重新布线”的一部分。
Andy Burnham, who served as Greater Manchester mayor before becoming prime minister in the summer, has made shifting power away from London a central goal of his government, part of what he calls a "rewiring" of the British state.
财政大臣约翰·希利在预算案中将其描述为“一代人中最激进的下放举措”，英格兰地区市长将从明年起保留20%的商业税收入，并从2028年起保留一部分所得税。
In what the finance minister John Healey described in his budget as the "most radical act of devolution in a generation", the regional mayors in England will be able to keep 20% of business rates revenue from next year and a share of income tax from 2028.
他说，市长们还将获得从2028年起对游客过夜住宿征收附加费的新权力。
The mayors will also be given new powers to charge a levy on overnight stays for visitors from 2028, he said.
希利在预算案陈述中对议会表示：“合在一起，这些是长期资金来源，他们可以用来支持对重大本地基础设施的投资，从而让更多在当地筹集的资金在当地使用。”
"Taken together, these are long-term funding streams they can use to back investment into big local infrastructure, so that more of the money that is raised locally, can be spent locally," Healey told parliament in his budget statement.
这些变化首次展示了伯纳姆计划如何通过向各国和地区赋予更多权力和资源来重新平衡英国经济。
The changes provide a first glimpse into how Burnham plans to rebalance the British economy by giving more power and resources to the nations and regions.
这些改革旨在通过允许地方政府保留其所在地区产生的额外税收收入的一部分，从而推动经济增长，为追求促增长政策创造财政激励。
The reforms aim to boost economic growth by allowing local authorities to retain a share of the additional tax revenues generated in their areas, creating a financial incentive to pursue pro-growth policies.
一些政治家和经济学家认为，权力集中在伦敦导致了两个根深蒂固的问题：英格兰中部和北部地区经济增长低迷，以及东南部地区缺乏可负担住房和其他经济压力。
Some politicians and economists argue that decision-making concentrated in London has led to two deeply entrenched problems: low economic growth in parts of central and northern England, and a lack of affordable housing and other economic pressures in the southeast.
希利表示，他希望走得更远，让地区市长在本世纪末保留当地筹集的所有商业税收入。
Healey said he wanted to go further, with regional mayors retaining all business rates revenue raised locally by the end of the decade.
根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，目前约有6%的税收收入在国家政府层面以下征收，而法国为20%，德国和美国则各约一半。
About 6% of tax revenue is currently raised at levels below national government, compared with 20% in France and about half in Germany and the United States, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
自20世纪60年代以来，历任英国首相都承诺下放权力或试图解决地区不平衡问题，但都未能缩小富裕地区与贫困地区之间的差距。
Previous British prime ministers since the 1960s have promised to devolve power or sought to address regional imbalances, but they have failed to narrow the gap between richer and poorer regions.