墨西哥城10月28日电 — 墨西哥政府周三表示，墨西哥左翼标志性人物、曾在1980年代高举被剥夺权利者的大旗、迫使政治体制发生变革、但本人从未赢得总统职位的奎奥特莫克·卡德纳斯已去世，享年92岁。
MEXICO CITY, Oct 28 - Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, an icon of the Mexican left who took up the banner of the disenfranchised in the 1980s to force changes in the political system despite never winning the presidency himself, has died at 92, the government said on Wednesday.
作为墨西哥城首位民选市长、以及前总统拉萨罗·卡德纳斯之子，奎奥特莫克·卡德纳斯于1988年竞选总统，动摇了墨西哥统治集团的根基，最终在一场备受争议的选举中落败。
The first elected mayor of Mexico City, and the son of President Lazaro Cardenas, Cuauhtemoc Cardenas shook Mexico's ruling establishment to its foundations when he ran for the top job in 1988 before losing a hotly disputed election.
那次选举将卡德纳斯与年轻技术官僚卡洛斯·萨利纳斯对决，后者是制度革命党（PRI）的候选人，该党自1929年以来一直主导墨西哥政坛。在选举之夜，两人势均力敌之际，政府突然宣布计票系统崩溃。
That election pitted Cardenas against young technocrat Carlos Salinas, candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, which had dominated Mexico since 1929. With the two running neck-and-neck on election night, the government suddenly announced the system counting the votes had crashed.
系统恢复运行后，萨利纳斯被宣布获胜，尽管许多分析人士和卡德纳斯本人都认为，制度革命党操纵了选票以维持其对权力的控制。
After it came back online, Salinas was declared the winner, although many analysts and Cardenas himself believed the PRI had rigged the vote to retain its hold on power.
那场竞争是墨西哥的一个分水岭，推动了强化反对派力量的政治改革。两届总统大选后，即2000年，制度革命党终于被赶下台。
The contest was a watershed in Mexico, leading to political reform that strengthened the opposition. Two presidential elections later, in 2000, the PRI was finally ousted.
“墨西哥当代历史中他的作用是根本性的，”总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆表示，赞扬卡德纳斯对墨西哥政治的影响。
"His role in Mexico's contemporary history is fundamental," said President Claudia Sheinbaum, hailing Cardenas' impact on Mexican politics.
“1988年，他领导了一场和平的民主运动，汇聚了数百万墨西哥人对变革的渴望，”她在社交媒体上表示，暗指卡德纳斯支持者认为他是那场有争议的总统大选的合法赢家。
"In 1988, he led a peaceful democratic movement that channeled the desire for change of millions of Mexicans," she said on social media, alluding to his supporters' belief that he was the rightful winner of the disputed presidential election.
“那次历史性选举，本应承认他为总统，标志着民主转型的开始。”卡德纳斯随后又两次竞选总统均告失败，作为左翼政党民主革命党（PRD）的候选人，该党是他在1987年脱离制度革命党后协助创建的。他在1994年和2000年大选中均名列第三。
"That historic election, in which he should have been recognized as president, marked the beginning of the democratic transformation." Cardenas ran unsuccessfully for president twice more, fronting a leftist ticket for the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), which he helped found after breaking with the PRI in 1987. He finished third in 1994 and 2000.
在这些竞选之间，身材高大、说话温和的卡德纳斯于1997年成为墨西哥城市长，开启了民主革命党长期执掌首都的历程。
Between those bids, the tall, soft-spoken Cardenas became mayor of Mexico City in 1997, beginning a long run for the PRD at the helm of the capital.
安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔追随卡德纳斯的脚步出任墨西哥城市长后，脱离民主革命党，创立了自己的国家复兴运动党，该党成为墨西哥左翼的主要力量，并将他推上总统之位。此后，民主革命党的势力逐渐衰落。
The PRD’s power waned after Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who followed in Cardenas’ footsteps as Mexico City mayor, split from it to found his own Morena party, which became the main force of the Mexican left and propelled him to the presidency.
但卡德纳斯早年对民主革命党的支持，标志着墨西哥政治在革命制度党数十年主导之后的转折点。
But Cardenas' early backing of the PRD marked a turning point in Mexican politics following decades of PRI domination.
历史学家洛伦索·迈耶说，正是卡德纳斯最终激发了左翼对革命制度党的反对，并补充道：“而且他有动员的能力。”卡德纳斯为左翼此后对最高职位的挑战铺平了道路，他曾在总统候选人从未到访过的偏远村庄开展竞选活动。
It was Cardenas who finally galvanised leftist opposition to the PRI, said historian Lorenzo Meyer, adding, "And he had the capacity to mobilise." Cardenas paved the way for subsequent leftist challenges to the highest office, campaigning in remote villages never before visited by presidential candidates.
在后来的岁月里，他偶尔成为洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔的批评者。洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔是一个两极分化、常常言辞尖刻的人物，他接替卡德纳斯成为左翼的旗手，并于2018年赢得最高职位。
In later years, he emerged as an occasional critic of Lopez Obrador, a polarizing, often abrasive figure who succeeded him as the standard-bearer of the left and captured the top job in 2018.
洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔在2006年一场激烈争夺的总统选举中同样被剥夺胜利时，引发了大规模抗议，六年后他再次提出异议。但对许多墨西哥人来说，有尊严的卡德纳斯仍然是左翼的精神领袖。
Lopez Obrador raised huge protests when he too was denied victory in a bitterly contested presidential election in 2006, and again cried foul six years later. But the dignified Cardenas remained the left's spiritual leader for many Mexicans.
卡德纳斯认为自由市场经济无法使墨西哥摆脱经济低迷，他倾向于一种更加以国家为中心的模式，类似于洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔后来所推崇的模式。
Cardenas believed free market economics would not save Mexico from economic malaise, favoring a more state-centric model, similar to that later embraced by Lopez Obrador.
联盟建设者卡德纳斯于1934年5月1日出生在墨西哥城，那是他父亲六年任期的第一年。拉萨罗·卡德纳斯是一位土地改革的倡导者，于1938年将石油工业国有化，是墨西哥历史上最受欢迎的总统之一。
COALITION BUILDER Cardenas was born in Mexico City on May 1, 1934, the first year of his father's six-year term. A champion of land reform who nationalized the oil industry in 1938, Lazaro Cardenas was one of the most popular presidents in Mexican history.
具有讽刺意味的是，这位已故总统的成功帮助巩固了革命制度党，而他的儿子后来质疑该党的合法性。
Ironically, the late president's success helped fortify the PRI, whose legitimacy his son later challenged.
卡德纳斯于1957年获得工程学位，随后凭借奖学金在法国、西德和意大利度过了两年。
Cardenas earned an engineering degree in 1957, then spent two years in France, West Germany and Italy on a fellowship.
回到墨西哥后，他开始了规划师和水利工程师的职业生涯，并于1976年进入政坛，当选家乡米却肯州的参议员。
After returning to Mexico, he began a career as a planner and hydraulic engineer, and entered politics in 1976 as a senator for his home state of Michoacan.
1980年至1986年，卡德纳斯作为革命制度党籍的米却肯州州长，被一些人认为过于冷漠，难以成为强有力的管理者，但在许多墨西哥人眼中，他诚实的名声使他在该党日益与贪腐联系在一起之际显得与众不同。
As PRI governor for Michoacan from 1980 to 1986, Cardenas was seen by some as too aloof to be a compelling administrator, but his reputation for honesty stood apart from the party’s growing association with graft in the minds of many Mexicans.
米却肯州成为民主革命党的堡垒，卡德纳斯的儿子——与祖父一样取名拉萨罗——也曾担任州长。
Michoacan became a bastion of the PRD, and Cardenas' son, called Lazaro like his grandfather, also served as governor.
小拉萨罗后来在洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔和辛鲍姆手下担任高级职务，维系了墨西哥左翼与该家族的历史渊源。
The younger Lazaro later took up senior roles under Lopez Obrador and Sheinbaum, preserving the Mexican left’s historic ties with the family.
卡德纳斯对革命制度党的挑战始于1986年底，当时他协助在党内组建了“民主潮流”派系。
The challenge to the PRI by Cardenas began in late 1986 when he helped form the Democratic Current within the party.
该派系带头呼吁革命制度党采用更民主的方式推选总统候选人，但这些呼吁被置之不理，主要成员于1987年退党。
The Current led calls for the PRI to adopt a more democratic means of selecting its presidential candidate, but these were ignored and leading members left the party in 1987.
“革命制度党领导层阻止了我们推动党内程序更加公开的运动，但我们将继续为墨西哥的真正民主而斗争，”卡德纳斯当时说。
"The PRI leadership has stopped our campaign for more open procedures within the party, but we will continue the struggle for true democracy in Mexico," Cardenas said at the time.
《金融家报》曾对他的联盟构建能力印象深刻，称卡德纳斯是唯一“能够聚集左翼活动人士、新自由主义者，甚至生态主义者”的候选人。
Impressed by his coalition-building skills, newspaper El Financiero once described Cardenas as the sole candidate "who can gather leftist militants, neoliberals, and even ecologists." REUTERS