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埃隆·马斯克的星链可能成为你的下一家手机运营商Elon Musk's Starlink could be your next cellphone carrier

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据报道,埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX正寻求接入至少8万个美国蜂窝站点,探索将星链(Starlink)打造成全国性无线运营商。(图片来源:Joan Cros/NurPhoto via Getty Images)Elon Musk's SpaceX is reportedly seeking access to at least 80,000 U.S. cell sites as it explores turning Starlink into a nationwide wireless carrier. (Photo by Joan Cros/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

你是否曾盯着手机账单发呆,纳闷为什么花了那么多钱,信号却依然不好?也许通话在室内会中断,或者长途旅行途中手机失去服务。这让人很沮丧,尤其是大型无线运营商不断承诺提供更好的覆盖。

Ever look at your cellphone bill and wonder why you're paying so much when you still can't get a decent signal? Maybe calls drop inside your house or your phone loses service during a road trip. It's frustrating, especially when the big wireless companies keep promising better coverage.

现在,埃隆·马斯克想给你另一个选择。据报道,他的公司SpaceX正在争取在美国至少8万个基站的接入权。目标是将Starlink打造成一家主要的无线运营商,可直接与Verizon、AT&T和T-Mobile竞争。如果马斯克成功,你选择手机服务的方式可能会改变。

Now, Elon Musk wants to give you another option. His company, SpaceX, is reportedly pursuing access to at least 80,000 cell sites across the United States. The goal is to turn Starlink into a major wireless carrier that could compete directly with Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile. If Musk pulls this off, the way you choose your cellphone service could change.

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据报道,SpaceX正在与主要蜂窝基础设施公司谈判,以争取全国至少8万个站点的接入权。据报道,参与公司之一是Crown Castle,该公司在全美拥有并运营约4万座基站。在10月21日的财报电话会上,Crown Castle首席执行官Chris Hillabrant被问及与SpaceX及其他卫星服务商的潜在租赁谈判。他的回答耐人寻味。“你可以假设我们正在与所有各方交谈,”他说,但拒绝透露具体客户。这是一个重大进展。

SpaceX is reportedly negotiating with major cellular infrastructure companies to secure access to at least 80,000 sites nationwide. One company reportedly involved is Crown Castle, which owns and operates roughly 40,000 cell towers across the country. During an Oct. 21 earnings call, Crown Castle CEO Chris Hillabrant was asked about potential leasing discussions with SpaceX and other satellite providers. His response was revealing. "You can assume that we're talking to all parties," he said, although he declined to discuss specific customers. That's a significant development.

基站塔提供了让我们的手机在全国范围内保持连接的基础设施。无线公司通常租赁这些塔上的空间,而不是自己建造每一个结构。这种方式有助于它们在不承担拥有基础设施全部成本的情况下扩大覆盖范围。作为参考,无线基础设施协会统计,2025年全国约有15.85万座专用基站塔。SpaceX据报的8万个基站目标将代表大幅扩张,尽管基站和实体塔并非同一概念。

Cell towers provide the infrastructure that keeps our phones connected across the country. Wireless companies typically lease space on these towers rather than build every structure themselves. That approach helps them expand coverage without taking on the full cost of owning the infrastructure. For perspective, the Wireless Infrastructure Association counted about 158,500 purpose-built cell towers nationwide in 2025. SpaceX's reported target of 80,000 cell sites would represent a substantial expansion, although cell sites and physical towers are not the same thing.

一座塔可支持多个无线网络的设备,因此这两个数字无法直接比较。尽管如此,据报的讨论仍处于初步阶段。SpaceX尚未公开确认涵盖这8万个站点的协议。

A single tower can support equipment from multiple wireless networks, so the two figures are not directly comparable. Still, the reported discussions remain preliminary. SpaceX has not publicly confirmed agreements covering those 80,000 sites.

你可能会想知道:既然Starlink已有卫星环绕地球运行,为什么SpaceX还需要数千座基站塔?答案取决于无线覆盖的工作原理。卫星可在传统基站稀少的偏远地区提供连接。然而,来自太空的信号难以到达建筑物内部或视野受阻的地方。

Here's something you might be wondering. If Starlink already has satellites orbiting Earth, why does SpaceX need thousands of cell towers? The answer comes down to how wireless coverage works. Satellites can provide connectivity in remote areas where traditional cell towers are scarce. However, signals from space can struggle to reach phones inside buildings or in places with an obstructed view of the sky.

这就是地面蜂窝网络发挥作用的地方。在卫星连接受限的区域,传统基站能提供更强、更稳定的服务。通过结合两种技术,SpaceX希望打造一个网络,让人们在更多地点保持连接。

That's where ground-based cellular networks come in. Traditional towers can provide stronger, more consistent service in areas where satellite connections face limitations. By combining both technologies, SpaceX hopes to create a network that keeps people connected across more locations.

战略中还有另一个有趣的部分。SpaceX还讨论过,在Starlink客户家庭和企业安装的设备上增加小型蜂窝基站。这些基站有助于提供移动覆盖,而无需公司完全依赖传统基站塔。

There's another interesting piece to the strategy. SpaceX has also discussed adding small cellular base stations to equipment installed at Starlink customers' homes and businesses. Those stations could help provide mobile coverage without requiring the company to rely entirely on traditional cell towers.

然而,这里存在一个问题。Starlink 用户会在需要家庭互联网的地方安装设备。这些地点可能与全国性手机网络需要额外覆盖的区域并不重合。这就是为什么获得现有的蜂窝基础设施接入权可能如此宝贵的原因。

However, there's a catch. Starlink customers install their equipment where they need home internet. Those locations may not line up with where a nationwide cellphone network needs additional coverage. That's why access to established cellular infrastructure could prove so valuable.

SpaceX 已经进行了多项投资,以支持其无线业务雄心。10 月 8 日,投资公司 Grain Management 宣布达成协议,将其全国范围内的 800 MHz 无线频谱组合出售给 SpaceX。该交易仍需联邦通信委员会批准。

SpaceX has already made several investments that support its wireless ambitions. On October 8, investment firm Grain Management announced an agreement to sell its nationwide portfolio of 800 MHz wireless spectrum to SpaceX. The deal remains subject to Federal Communications Commission approval.

SpaceX或将星链的卫星技术与全美传统手机基站相结合,从而向威瑞森、AT&T和T-Mobile发起挑战。(图片来源:Kirby Lee/Getty Images)SpaceX could challenge Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile by combining Starlink's satellite technology with traditional cellphone towers across the United States. (Photo by Kirby Lee/Getty Images)

如果您不熟悉频谱,可以将其理解为在手机与网络之间传输无线信号的无线电频率。不同频率具有不同特性。一般来说,低频信号传播距离更远,穿透建筑物的能力也比高频信号更强。这有助于 Starlink Mobile 在仅靠卫星连接可能难以覆盖的地方提供服务。

If you're unfamiliar with spectrum, think of it as the radio frequencies that carry wireless signals between your phone and a network. Different frequencies have different strengths. Lower-frequency signals generally travel farther and penetrate buildings more effectively than higher-frequency signals. That could help Starlink Mobile deliver coverage in places where satellite connections alone might struggle.

SpaceX 还在 10 月获得联邦通信委员会授权,部署一个由多达 15,000 颗直连手机卫星组成的新星座。这些卫星旨在与兼容手机通信,并支持更广泛的移动服务。不过,该授权并不意味着所有卫星都已投入运行。

SpaceX also received FCC authorization in October to deploy a new constellation of up to 15,000 direct-to-device satellites. These satellites are designed to communicate with compatible phones and support a broader range of mobile services. However, that authorization doesn't mean all the satellites are already operating.

这些进展共同解释了为什么马斯克开始认真布局无线业务。SpaceX 正在集结通过卫星和地面网络连接手机所需的各个拼图。在 SpaceX 10 月的财报电话会上,马斯克表示,公司将扩展其地面网络,以在 SpaceX 和 Starlink 获准运营的任何地方提供更广泛的连接。他还表示,卫星发射和频谱收购将助力 Starlink Mobile 成为美国主要的无线运营商。

Together, those developments help explain why Musk is getting serious about the wireless business. SpaceX is assembling the pieces needed to connect phones through satellites and ground-based networks. During SpaceX's October earnings call, Musk said the company would expand its terrestrial networks to provide broader connectivity wherever SpaceX and Starlink are permitted to operate. He also said satellite launches and spectrum acquisitions would help Starlink Mobile become a major U.S. wireless carrier.

这一可能性已经引起了华尔街的关注。在有关 SpaceX 进行基站谈判的报道出台后,主要无线运营商的股价于 10 月 23 日下跌。与此同时,蜂窝基础设施公司的股价上涨,投资者预期 SpaceX 将带来潜在业务。但进入无线市场代价不菲。

The possibility has already caught Wall Street's attention. Following reports of SpaceX's cell tower negotiations, shares of major wireless companies fell on October 23. Meanwhile, cellular infrastructure companies saw their shares rise as investors anticipated potential business from SpaceX. But entering the wireless market won't come cheap.

据报道,TD Cowen 的分析师估计,建设一个全国性的地面网络可能耗资超过 800 亿美元。即使对于拥有 SpaceX 财力的公司而言,这一过程也可能耗时数年。SpaceX 还将面对拥有数十年经验的老牌竞争对手。Verizon、AT&T 和 T-Mobile 已经运营着广泛的网络。它们还拥有数百万客户和成熟的零售业务。

Analysts at TD Cowen reportedly estimated that building a nationwide terrestrial network could cost more than $80 billion. The process could take years, even for a company with SpaceX's financial resources. And SpaceX would face established competitors with decades of experience. Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile already operate extensive networks. They also have millions of customers and established retail operations.

有趣的是,SpaceX 已通过其与 Starlink 合作的 T-Satellite 服务与 T-Mobile 合作。该合作伙伴关系允许兼容手机在没有传统蜂窝覆盖的某些地区连接卫星。因此,马斯克的公司目前正在帮助支持一家它未来可能与之竞争的无线运营商。这是一个不寻常的处境,但也让 SpaceX 积累了向普通手机提供卫星连接的经验。如果 Starlink Mobile 成为一家独立运营商,客户最终可能在目前三大主导运营商之外,拥有另一个全国性的选择。

Interestingly, SpaceX already works with T-Mobile through its T-Satellite with Starlink service. That partnership allows compatible phones to connect to satellites in certain areas without traditional cellular coverage. So, Musk's company currently helps support a wireless provider it could eventually compete against. That's an unusual position, but it also gives SpaceX experience delivering satellite connectivity to everyday phones. If Starlink Mobile becomes a standalone carrier, customers could eventually have another nationwide option beyond today's three dominant providers.

如果你已经在想何时可以转网,有一个重要细节需要牢记。SpaceX 尚未宣布完全独立的全国性手机服务的确定上线日期。该公司预计将于 2027 年开始部署其下一代 Starlink Mobile 卫星。

If you're already wondering when you can switch, there's an important detail to keep in mind. SpaceX has not announced a confirmed launch date for a fully independent nationwide cellphone service. The company expects to begin deploying its next-generation Starlink Mobile satellites in 2027.

然而,建设地面蜂窝网络是另一个单独的挑战。SpaceX 仍需获得合适的基站选址以及运营所需的设备。该公司还面临额外的监管要求。例如,其与 Grain Management 达成的全国性频谱协议仍需 FCC 批准。

However, building a terrestrial cellular network presents a separate challenge. SpaceX still needs access to suitable tower locations and the equipment required to operate them. The company also faces additional regulatory requirements. Its nationwide spectrum agreement with Grain Management, for example, still needs FCC approval.

与此同时,扩大全国范围的覆盖将需要相当长的时间。即便头顶上有数千颗卫星,SpaceX仍需要一个精心规划的地面网络,才能为现有运营商提供可靠的替代方案。就目前而言,星链现有的卫星合作伙伴关系不应与拟议中的全国手机服务相混淆。

Meanwhile, expanding coverage across the country will take considerable time. Even with thousands of satellites overhead, SpaceX would need a carefully planned ground network to deliver a reliable alternative to existing carriers. For now, Starlink's existing satellite partnerships should not be confused with the proposed nationwide cellphone service.

如果您一直对自己的手机账单或不可靠的信号感到沮丧,另一家主要的无线运营商最终可能会为您提供更多选择。更多的竞争可能意味着更好的无线资费优惠。如果SpaceX推出具有吸引力的替代方案,威瑞森、美国电话电报公司和T-Mobile可能会面临改善其套餐计划的压力。然而,星链移动尚未公布独立全国服务的定价。并不能保证它的费用会低于您目前支付的金额。

If you've been frustrated with your cellphone bill or unreliable coverage, another major wireless provider could eventually give you more options. More competition could mean better wireless deals. Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile may face pressure to improve their plans if SpaceX introduces an appealing alternative. However, Starlink Mobile has not announced pricing for a standalone nationwide service. There's no guarantee it will cost less than what you're paying today.

信号覆盖可能会成为更大的卖点。通过将卫星与传统手机基站相结合,SpaceX有可能触及现有无线网络难以覆盖的地方。如果您住在农村社区或经常穿梭于信号微弱的地区,这可能会特别具有吸引力。然而,实际表现将取决于SpaceX安装设备的位置以及其卫星连接的运作情况。

Coverage could be the bigger selling point. By combining satellites with traditional cell towers, SpaceX could potentially reach places where existing wireless networks struggle. That could be especially appealing if you live in a rural community or frequently travel through areas with weak signals. However, actual performance will depend on where SpaceX installs its equipment and how well its satellite connections work.

真正的考验将在SpaceX公布其定价和覆盖计划时到来。星链能否在其他运营商举步维艰的地方提供更好的服务?它能否给人们一个令人信服的转网理由?这些答案将决定马斯克的无线野心是否能真正造福手机客户。

The real test will come when SpaceX reveals its pricing and coverage plans. Can Starlink offer better service in places where other carriers struggle? And will it give people a compelling reason to switch? Those answers will determine whether Musk's wireless ambitions actually benefit cellphone customers.

我报道无线技术的时间已经足够长,深知宏大的承诺并不总能转化为更好的手机服务。我们听到了许多关于扩大覆盖范围和改善连接的说法。然而,仍然有一些地方你几乎无法拨打电话。这就是为什么我觉得太空探索技术公司的计划很有意思。将卫星与传统蜂窝基础设施相结合,最终可能会为人们提供更多选择,特别是在各大运营商难以覆盖的地区。

GOV JEFF LANDRY: SPACEX BETS ON LOUISIANA AS AMERICA’S NEXT FRONTIER TAKES OFF IN THE SOUTH I've been covering wireless technology long enough to know that big promises don't always translate into better cellphone service. We've heard plenty about expanding coverage and improving connectivity. Yet there are still places where you can barely make a call. That's why I find SpaceX's plans interesting. Combining satellites with traditional cellular infrastructure could eventually give people more options, particularly in areas where the big carriers have struggled.

与此同时,我对更大的宏观图景很好奇。马斯克已经拥有一个庞大的卫星网络,而据报道,他现在希望在地面建立一个主要的无线业务。这可能会引入一些受欢迎的竞争。不过,我想知道定价会是什么样,以及“星链”(Starlink)是否能够在人们实际使用手机的地方提供可靠的覆盖。如果它能兑现这些承诺,老牌运营商可能会有严肃的理由去担忧。坦率地说,手机业务多一点竞争并没有坏处。

At the same time, I'm curious about the bigger picture. Musk already has an enormous satellite network, and now he reportedly wants to build a major wireless business on the ground. That could introduce some welcome competition. However, I'd like to know what the pricing will look like and whether Starlink can provide reliable coverage where people actually use their phones. If it can deliver on those promises, the established carriers may have a serious reason to worry. And frankly, a little more competition in the cellphone business wouldn't hurt.

如果埃隆·马斯克通过“星链”向你提供手机服务,你会足够信任他的公司而离开威瑞森(Verizon)、美国电话电报公司(AT&T)或T-Mobile吗?还是你宁愿继续使用你已经熟悉的无线服务提供商?

If Elon Musk offered you cellphone service through Starlink, would you trust his company enough to leave Verizon, AT&T or T-Mobile? Or would you rather stick with the wireless provider you already know?

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