美国总统唐纳德·特朗普已下令就机器人进口展开贸易谈判。商务部的一项调查发现，外国制造的机器人和工业机械威胁国家安全。他在10月28日星期三签署了该公告。目前暂不设定关税。
US President Donald Trump has ordered trade talks on robot imports. A Commerce Department investigation found that foreign-made robots and industrial machinery threaten national security. He signed the proclamation on Wednesday 28 October. It sets no tariffs for now.
该公告援引了1962年《贸易扩张法》第232条。该法律授权总统以国家安全为由限制进口。商务部于2025年9月2日启动调查。调查范围涵盖机器人、工业机械及其零部件。
The proclamation uses Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The law lets the president restrict imports on national security grounds. Commerce opened the investigation on 2 September 2025. It covers robots, industrial machinery, and their parts and components.
公告称，这些产品“以此类数量及在此类情形下进口美国，以致威胁损害美国国家安全”。
The products “are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States,” the proclamation says.
先谈判，后征税 商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克和美国贸易代表须与其选定的任何贸易伙伴谈判达成协议。公告未点名任何国家。两人须在180天内向总统汇报进展。
Talks first, tariffs later Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and the US Trade Representative must negotiate agreements with any trading partners they choose. The proclamation names no country. The two must update the president within 180 days.
若谈判失败或协议无效，总统可再次采取行动。列出的选项包括关税、税费、配额和费用，以及一项鼓励美国国内生产新投资的计划。
If talks fail, or a deal does not work, the president may act again. The options listed include tariffs, duties, quotas and fees, and a programme to encourage new investment in US production.
白宫阐述缘由 公告称，美国需要这些机器来制造飞机、坦克、舰船、武器和弹药。所有16个美国关键基础设施部门都在使用它们。公告称，来自“某些外国实体”的零部件带来安全和安全风险，包括“重大网络安全漏洞”。公告未点名这些实体。
Why the White House says it matters The proclamation says the US needs these machines to build aircraft, tanks, ships, weapons and munitions. All 16 US critical infrastructure sectors use them. It says components from “certain foreign entities” carry security and safety risks, including “significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities”. It does not name the entities.
白宫在一份事实清单中表示：“美国依赖外国进口满足大多数类型的机器人、工业机械及其零部件的需求。”公告补充称，美国企业生产的这些产品不足以满足国家安全需求。
“The United States relies on foreign imports for most types of robotics, industrial machinery, and their parts and components,” the White House said in a fact sheet. The proclamation adds that US companies do not make enough of these products to meet national security needs.
国际机器人联合会9月发布数据显示，美国2025年安装工业机器人近3.85万台，同比增长12%，成为仅次于中国的全球第二大市场。
Who buys foreign robots The US installed almost 38,500 industrial robots in 2025, up 12%, the International Federation of Robotics said in September. That made it the world’s second-largest market, after China.
据Ars Technica的Jeremy Hsu报道，通用汽车、福特、特斯拉、波音和洛克希德·马丁均依赖此类机器人。它们通常从总部位于日本、瑞士和德国的发那科、ABB、安川电机和库卡采购重型机械臂。Ars报道称，美国没有公司生产可比拟的重型机械臂。
General Motors, Ford, Tesla, Boeing and Lockheed Martin all rely on such robots, Jeremy Hsu reported for Ars Technica. They often buy heavy robot arms from FANUC, ABB, Yaskawa and KUKA, headquartered in Japan, Switzerland and Germany. No US company makes comparable heavy-duty arms, Ars reported.
在联邦通信委员会机器人禁令之后 7月，联邦通信委员会推动禁止外国制造的机器人。禁令涵盖新型扫地机器人、机器狗和人形机器人。Ars报道称，该规则豁免了汽车工厂和仓库使用的工业机械臂及其他固定式机器人。中国威胁就该禁令进行报复。
After the FCC robot ban In July, the Federal Communications Commission moved to ban foreign-made robots. It covered new robot vacuums, robot dogs and humanoids. That rule exempted industrial robot arms and other fixed robots used in car plants and warehouses, Ars reported. China threatened retaliation over the ban.
该事实清单列出了早先依据第232条对从钢铁、铜到药品和多晶硅等产品采取的行动。其中包括半导体关税和无人机关税，后者于8月升至100%，欧洲上限为15%。
The fact sheet lists earlier Section 232 actions on products from steel and copper to pharmaceuticals and polysilicon. They include a semiconductor tariff and drone tariffs that reached 100% in August, with Europe capped at 15%.