美国可能同时经历两大主要天气模式的影响，因为强厄尔尼诺现象持续在太平洋增强，而北极极地涡旋显示出异常早期崩塌的迹象。这两个发展可能在未来几周影响全美气温，给部分地区带来短暂的寒冷天气。
The United States could experience the effects of two major weather patterns at the same time as a powerful El Niño continues to strengthen in the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic polar vortex shows signs of an unusually early collapse. The two developments could influence temperatures across the country in the coming weeks, bringing brief periods of colder weather to some regions.
据《新闻周刊》报道，气象学家正密切关注这两个发展。虽然预计厄尔尼诺将是今年冬季影响美国天气的主要因素，但减弱的极地涡旋可能让北极冷空气南下，带来暂时的寒冷天气。
According to a Newsweek report, meteorologists are watching both developments closely. While El Niño is expected to be the main influence on US weather this winter, a weakened polar vortex could allow Arctic air to move south and bring temporary cold spells.
超强厄尔尼诺预计今冬将继续增强厄尔尼诺是厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）气候模式的暖相位。当中东部赤道太平洋海温升至平均值以上，伴随信风发生变化时，就会形成厄尔尼诺。
Super El Niño expected to strengthen this winterEl Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern. It develops when ocean temperatures rise above average across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, along with changes in trade winds.
目前的厄尔尼诺已增强数月，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）预报员预计它将在今冬达到峰值强度。
The current El Niño has been strengthening for months, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) forecasters expect it to reach peak strength this winter.A strong El Niño can influence weather across different parts of the United States.
强厄尔尼诺能影响美国不同地区的天气。它通常给北部地区带来更暖和、更干燥的天气，而南部州份可能经历更潮湿、多风暴的天气。内陆西部部分地区和西南部高海拔地区也可能出现更大降雪量。
It generally brings warmer and drier conditions to northern regions, while the southern states can experience wetter and stormier weather. Higher snowfall is also possible in parts of the Intermountain West and the higher elevations of the Southwest.
厄尔尼诺风险可能推高2027年全球粮价；全部影响将逐步显现：报告
El Niño risks may push global food prices higher in 2027; full impact to emerge gradually: ReportEarly polar vortex disruption raises cold weather concernsThe polar vortex is a large area of cold air and low pressure surrounding the Arctic.
极地涡旋早期扰动引发寒冷天气担忧极地涡旋是环绕北极的一大片冷空气和低压区。它终年存在，但冬季会变强。当它减弱或受到扰动时，北极冷空气可南移至美国。气象学家对当前这种比往常更早发生的减弱表示担忧。
It exists throughout the year but becomes stronger during winter. When it weakens or becomes disrupted, cold Arctic air can move south towards the United States. Meteorologists have raised concerns about the current weakening, which is happening earlier than usual.
WFLA-TV 首席气象学家杰夫·贝拉代利表示，这种扰动似乎是有记录以来最早出现的，比以往观测到的时间大约早了一个月。当平流层温度迅速升高并扰乱环绕北极的强风时，可能会发生重大扰动，这种现象被称为“平流层突发增温”（SSW）事件。
WFLA-TV chief meteorologist Jeff Berardelli said the disruption appears to be the earliest on record, occurring roughly a month earlier than previously observed.A major disruption can happen during a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, when temperatures in the stratosphere rise rapidly and disturb the strong winds surrounding the Arctic.
气象学家马克斯·维洛西蒂表示，极地涡旋的分裂可能会将部分冷空气推向较低纬度，有可能在 11 月下半月影响美国。不过，这并不保证会出现大规模寒潮。中西部和东北部可能出现短暂寒冷天气预计在 11 月第一周，美国北部中西部和东北部将经历低于平均水平的气温。此前，这两个地区经历了一段较暖且干燥的天气。
Meteorologist Max Velocity said a split in the polar vortex could push some of the cold air towards lower latitudes, potentially affecting the US during the second half of November. However, this does not guarantee a major cold outbreak. Midwest and Northeast could see temporary cold spellsThe northern Midwest and Northeast are expected to experience below-average temperatures during the first week of November. This would follow a period of warmer and drier weather across both regions.
然而，这种寒冷天气可能持续时间不长。AccuWeather 长程气象学家亚历克斯·达席尔瓦告诉《新闻周刊》，极地涡旋扰动发生得如此之早，意味着可能没有足够的冷空气来产生大规模的北极寒潮。
However, the colder conditions may not last long. AccuWeather long-range meteorologist Alex DaSilva told Newsweek that the early timing of the polar vortex disruption means there may not be enough cold air available to produce a major Arctic outbreak.
达席尔瓦还表示，厄尔尼诺现象在 11 月可能对美国天气产生更强的影响，预计在该月剩余时间里，美国大部分地区气温将高于平均水平。
DaSilva also said El Niño is likely to have a stronger influence on US weather during November, with above-average temperatures expected across much of the country for the rest of the month.
世气组织：厄尔尼诺可能前所未有，11 月至明年 1 月或升至比平均水平高 3.8°C厄尔尼诺预计仍将是冬季的主要影响因素尽管极地涡旋扰动可能会增加未来几周出现寒冷天气的几率，但气象学家警告不要假定大冻结必然会发生。
El Nino could be unprecedented, may rise to 3.8°C above average between Nov-Jan: WMOEl Niño expected to remain the main winter influenceAlthough the polar vortex disruption could increase the chances of colder weather in the coming weeks, meteorologists have warned against assuming that a major freeze is certain.
贝拉代利表示，减弱的极地涡旋可能会在未来几周让北极冷空气进入美国、欧洲和亚洲。
Berardelli said a weakened polar vortex could allow Arctic air to move into the United States, Europe and Asia in the following weeks.
不过，他补充说，结果并不确定，因为厄尔尼诺现象正对整体天气模式产生强烈影响。达席尔瓦还强调，早期的扰动并不决定本冬季晚些时候是否会发生另一次极地涡旋事件，那时更寒冷的条件可能使其影响更为显著。AccuWeather气象学家仍在预测，美国东北部和中西部北部将迎来一个非常温暖的冬季。目前，预计厄尔尼诺现象将继续成为美国冬季天气的主要驱动因素，而预报员将继续监测极地涡旋的进一步变化。
However, he added that the outcome was not guaranteed because El Niño was having a strong influence on the overall weather pattern. DaSilva also stressed that the early disruption does not determine whether another polar vortex event will happen later in winter, when colder conditions could make its effects more significant. AccuWeather meteorologists are still forecasting a very warm winter across the Northeast and northern Midwest. For now, El Niño is expected to remain the main driver of US winter weather, while forecasters continue to monitor the polar vortex for further changes.