尽管北京与布鲁塞尔之间的贸易紧张局势依然高企，但一些欧洲企业指出，来自美国的干扰才是更大的挑战。
While trade tensions between Beijing and Brussels remain elevated, some European businesses are pointing to disruptions from the United States as a bigger challenge.
相反，他们正在寻求与中国开展更紧密的合作，尽管中国汽车制造商正争分夺秒地在潜在的未来贸易壁垒出台前抢先出口。
Instead, they are seeking closer cooperation with China, even as Chinese carmakers scramble to front-load exports ahead of potential future trade barriers.
在上周于中国西南部城市成都举办的第十九届中国—欧盟投资贸易科技合作洽谈会上，对建立更紧密商业联系的渴望显而易见。
At last week’s 19th Europe-China Business and Technology Cooperation Fair in the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu, the appetite for closer business ties was evident.
来自众多行业的数百家中国和欧洲企业挤满了一个大厅进行对接洽谈，它们在各个桌子之间轮流交流想法，并寻找潜在的合作伙伴与投资者。
Hundreds of Chinese and European companies across a wide range of sectors filled a hall for matchmaking sessions, rotating between tables to exchange ideas and seek potential partners and investors.
一些欧洲企业代表表示，他们对紧张局势并不太担心，反而看到了汽车、可再生能源和农业等领域的巨大合作潜力。
Some European business representatives said they were not too worried about tensions, instead seeing significant potential for cooperation in sectors such as automotive, renewable energy and agriculture.
然而，葡萄牙咨询公司Stream的管理合伙人努诺·奥尔法奥（Nuno Orfao）表示，双方企业面临的最大挑战是“来自美国的动荡”，他指出美国贸易政策的不确定性及其对商业规划和投资的影响。
The biggest challenge facing companies from both sides, however, was “the instability coming from America”, said Nuno Orfao, managing partner at Portuguese consulting firm Stream, pointing to uncertainty over US trade policy and its impact on business planning and investment.
奥尔法奥说：“美国正在筑墙，这不仅影响了欧洲与他们的关系。”他补充说，由于中国面临的来自美国的贸易摩擦比欧洲更大，这为中欧企业探索合作创造了额外的动力。
“America is putting [up] a wall, which is affecting not only the relations that Europe has with them,” Orfao said. As China faced greater trade friction with the US than Europe, this created an additional incentive for Chinese and European companies to explore cooperation, he added.
总部位于西班牙的数字市场Space Mall的首席执行官豪尔赫·马克斯（Jorge Marques）呼应了这一观点，他表示自去年以来美国对欧盟和其他市场征收的更高关税推高了欧洲生产商在北美的成本，迫使许多企业向东看。
Jorge Marques, CEO of Spain-headquartered digital marketplace Space Mall, echoed that view, saying higher US tariffs on the EU and other markets since last year had driven up costs for European producers in North America, forcing many to look east.
市场在亚洲。我们必须准备好与亚洲——总体上是与中国——开展交易并建立真正良好的贸易关系。豪尔赫·马克斯（Jorge Marques），太空商城（Space Mall）马克斯以酒类价格为例称，由于美国去年加征关税等原因，如今在美国销售的欧洲葡萄酒比三年前大约贵了15%到25%。
The market is in Asia. We must be ready to open deals and make really good trade with Asia – in general, with ChinaJorge Marques, Space Mall Citing wine prices as an example, Marques said European wine sold in the US was now roughly 15 to 25 per cent more expensive than three years ago, partly because of US tariffs imposed last year.
他指出，欧洲必须“放开思维”，认清真正的增长点在哪里。“市场在亚洲。我们必须面对的是，准备好与亚洲——总体上是与中国——开展交易并建立真正良好的贸易关系。”
Europe must “open its mind” and recognise where actual growth lies, he noted. “The market is in Asia. What we have to face is [being] ready to open deals and make really good trade with Asia – in general, with China.”
马克斯还警告称，欧盟针对中国的政策最终可能会让美国企业受益。他说，不断上涨的成本正在阻碍欧洲买家直接从中国采购商品，导致一些买家转而选择亚马逊。“最后谁赢了？美国公司。”
Marques also warned that EU policies targeting China could ultimately benefit American businesses. Rising costs were discouraging European buyers from sourcing goods directly from China, leaving some to turn to Amazon instead, he said. “In the end who wins? American companies.”
随着美国关税推高了成本，一些中国跨境卖家也正寻求向欧洲实现多元化发展。
Some Chinese cross-border sellers are also looking to diversify into Europe as US tariffs raise their costs.
智能家居产品的中国制造商兼跨境卖家张金龙（音）表示，在今年早些时候在美国站稳脚跟后，他正考虑进入欧盟市场并建立服务枢纽。
Zhang Jinlong, a Chinese manufacturer and cross-border vendor of smart-home products, said he was considering entering the EU market and setting up service hubs after gaining a foothold in the US earlier this year.
他说：“欧洲的关税税率通常远低于美国，我们在美国类目下的关税税率在50%左右徘徊。”
“Tariff rates in Europe are generally much lower than in the US, where tariffs on our categories hover around 50 per cent,” he said.
这些言论发表之际，中国不断扩大的贸易顺差今年有望再创历史新高，并在西方引发了广泛担忧。就在上个月，北京和布鲁塞尔似乎濒临贸易战边缘，随后达成了一项协议，对进入欧盟的中国混合动力汽车进口实行四年的配额限制。
The comments come as China’s widening trade surplus, which is on track to hit another record high this year, sparks widespread concern in the West. Beijing and Brussels had appeared to be on the verge of a trade war last month, before reaching a deal to cap Chinese hybrid car imports into the EU for four years.
北京还承诺“继续促进”发往欧盟的稀土和永磁体出口许可证审批，同时双方同意探讨对某些商品实行可能的关税削减。
Beijing also pledged to “continue to facilitate” export licence approvals for rare earths and permanent magnets destined for the EU, while both sides agreed to explore possible tariff cuts on certain goods.
一些商界代表认为，应对中国低成本竞争的办法不是关税壁垒，而是在本地制造和技术方面开展更多合作。
Some business representatives argued that the answer to Chinese low-cost competition was not tariff barriers but greater cooperation in local manufacturing and technology.
欧洲企业必须意识到，与中国的竞争是“不可避免的”，尤其是在汽车领域，咨询公司Cathay Partners首席执行官鲁珀特·瓦尔奈（Rupert Varnai）表示。他们需要“找到应对之道——这不是制裁或更高关税，而是某种形式的合作”，他说。
European firms have to realise that competition with China is “inevitable”, particularly in the automotive sector, according to Rupert Varnai, CEO of advisory firm Cathay Partners. They need to “find an answer to that – and it is not sanctions or higher customs duties, but some kind of cooperation”, he said.
在欧洲能源危机和高通胀的背景下，寻找新市场的需求变得更加迫切，瓦尔奈将其归因于俄乌战争、美国和以色列对伊朗的战争，以及法国等地近期的抗议活动。
The need to find new markets has become more pressing amid Europe’s energy crisis and high inflation, which Varnai linked to the Russia-Ukraine war, the US-Israel war on Iran and recent protests in France and elsewhere.
“解决之道是敞开大门，尝试让中国的大型电动汽车企业在那里投资，”奥尔法奥（Orfao）说。
“The solution is to open the doors and try to make big electric vehicle companies in China to invest there,” Orfao said.
在进口关税上调以及欧盟鼓励本地生产的努力下，中国车企和其他制造商正日益在欧洲建厂或组建合资企业。
Chinese carmakers and other manufacturers are increasingly building factories or forming joint ventures in Europe amid higher tariffs on imports and EU efforts to encourage local manufacturing.
例如，比亚迪（BYD）已表示，其在匈牙利的工厂将于今年第四季度开始量产，并计划在欧洲建设更多工厂。
BYD, for example, has said its plant in Hungary will begin mass production in the fourth quarter of this year and that it plans to build more factories in Europe.
中国在电气化方面的更广泛领先优势，也可能使其企业成为有吸引力的合作伙伴，因为欧洲经济体正寻求加速绿色转型。
China’s broader lead in electrification could also make its companies attractive partners as European economies seek to accelerate their green transitions.
气候非营利组织We Mean Business Coalition周二发布的《电气化竞争力指数》评估了16个主要经济体，中国在部署方面排名第一，得分为68%，反映出电动汽车在各车型类别中的强劲普及以及广泛的充电基础设施。
The Electrification Competitiveness Index, released on Tuesday by climate non-profit We Mean Business Coalition, assessed 16 major economies and ranked China first for deployment, with a score of 68 per cent, reflecting strong uptake of EVs across vehicle categories and extensive charging infrastructure.
相比之下，美国面临政策反复和电网瓶颈，而包括德国、意大利、波兰和英国在内的国家，尚未将支持性政策转化为实地可比的进展，该指数显示。
By contrast, the US faces policy reversals and grid bottlenecks, while countries including Germany, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom have yet to translate supportive policies into comparable progress on the ground, the index showed.
然而，对一些中国车企而言，当前的首要任务是利用现有窗口期，在潜在政策变化生效前加大出口力度。
For some Chinese carmakers, however, the immediate priority is to take advantage of the current window to ramp up exports before potential policy changes take effect.
一家参与新能源汽车业务的四川川云重工集团的代表表示，近期中欧达成的协议推迟了征收惩罚性关税的前景，为出口商向欧洲运送汽车争取了更多时间。
A representative of Sichuan-based Chuanyun Heavy Industry Group, which is involved in the new energy vehicle business, said the recent China-EU deal had pushed back the prospect of punitive tariffs, giving exporters more time to ship vehicles to Europe.
这位代表表示，该公司此前专注于中亚市场，现在正探索欧洲的机遇。他补充说，从长远来看，该公司还考虑在那里建立总装厂，以满足当地的原产地规则要求并大幅降低关税成本。
The company, which previously focused on markets in Central Asia, was now exploring opportunities in Europe, the representative said. In the longer term, it was also considering setting up an assembly plant there to meet local rules-of-origin requirements and significantly reduce tariff costs, he added.
海关数据显示，9月份，中国对欧盟的混合动力汽车出口量较去年同期增长了两倍，达到近10万辆，超过了中国对该集团乘用车出口总量同比142.7%的增长率。
In September, China’s hybrid car exports to the EU tripled from a year earlier to nearly 100,000 vehicles, outpacing the 142.7 per cent year-on-year growth in China’s total passenger car exports to the bloc, customs data showed.