曼谷——居住在泰国的缅甸难民正成为该国劳动力短缺行业的新劳动力来源，帮助填补柬埔寨工人因与泰国的边境冲突而返回家乡后留下的空缺。
BANGKOK -- Myanmar refugees living in Thailand are emerging as a new source of workers for the country's labor-strapped industries, helping to fill gaps left by Cambodians who returned home amid its border conflict with Thailand.
7月下旬的一天，在曼谷以东一家拥有约5000名工人的数据中心建设工地上，大约100名缅甸难民可以看到在超过30摄氏度的高温下劳作。
On a day in late July, at a data center construction site east of Bangkok with about 5,000 workers, around 100 Myanmar refugees could be seen toiling in temperatures exceeding 30 C.
据联合国难民事务高级专员署称，泰国在缅甸边境沿线的九个难民营中收容了约8万名难民。许多人逃离了始于20世纪80年代中期的缅甸军方与民族武装团体之间的战斗。
Thailand is hosting around 80,000 refugees in nine camps along the Myanmar border, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Many fled fighting between Myanmar's military and ethnic armed groups that began in the mid-1980s.
直到泰国政府于2025年10月解除就业限制，这些难民几乎没有在营地外合法工作的途径。
Until the Thai government lifted restrictions on employment in October 2025, these refugees had virtually no legal pathway to work outside the camps.
“第一次离开[难民营]到外面工作时，我很害怕，”这名在工地工作的40岁妇女说。她童年时被迫离开家乡，逃往泰国寻求庇护。
"I was scared when I first left [the camp] to work outside," said a 40-year-old woman employed at the construction site. Forced from her hometown as a child, she sought refuge in Thailand.
泰国就业部发言人桑塔亚·加拉西（Sonthaya Galasri）就缅甸难民就业计划接受《日经亚洲》采访时表示。
Sonthaya Galasri, spokesperson for Thailand's Department of Employment spoke with Nikkei about the Myanmar refugee employment program.
“既然有机会赚钱养家糊口，我认为我们的生活从此会变得更好，”她说。她每周工作六天，每天八小时。
"Now that I have a chance to earn money and support my family, I think our lives will get better from here," she said. She works eight-hour shifts, six days a week.
当地承包商他那帕建筑公司（Thanapa Construction）雇佣缅甸难民的决定，源于2025年爆发的泰柬边境冲突。
Local contractor Thanapa Construction's decision to hire Myanmar refugees was prompted by the border conflict between Thailand and Cambodia that erupted in 2025.
创始人他那帕·通考特（Thanapha Tongkoat）表示，冲突发生后，柬埔寨工人返回了本国。该公司迄今已雇佣约140名缅甸难民。
Cambodian workers went back to their country after the conflict, said founder Thanapha Tongkoat. The company has hired about 140 Myanmar refugees so far.
通考特最初对雇佣难民持保留态度，但在与他们合作后改变了看法。她说，他们工作努力，学习速度快。
Tongkoat initially had reservations about employing refugees, but changed her view after gaining experience with them. They work hard and learn quickly, she said.
截至6月，泰国约有1800名缅甸难民离开难民营，在农业、建筑和制造业等领域就业。
By June, around 1,800 Myanmar refugees in Thailand had left camps to take jobs in sectors including agriculture, construction and manufacturing.
泰国劳工部发言人桑塔亚·加拉西表示，该计划已成为缓解泰国劳动力短缺的一个因素，她补充说，虽然数量不大，但影响是有意义的。
Sonthaya Galasri, a spokesperson for Thailand's Department of Employment said the program has become one factor helping ease Thailand's labor shortage, adding that though the numbers are not large, the impact is meaningful.
但并非所有难民都对新工作感到满意。塔那帕建筑公司为难民工人提供了住房和技能培训，但该公司创始人表示，已有数十名工人离开工地返回难民营。她说，有些人无法忍受炎热或劳动的体力要求。
But not all refugees are satisfied with their new jobs. Thanapa Construction has provided housing and skills training for refugee workers, but dozens have already left the worksite and returned to refugee camps, the founder said. Some could not endure the heat or the physical demands of the labor, she said.
该公司还认为，对工作要求缺乏了解也是导致这一问题的原因之一，并正与就业支持组织合作，在工人接受职位之前提供更详细的工作职责说明。
The company also believes that a lack of understanding about job requirements is contributing to the problem, and is working with employment support organizations to provide more detailed explanations of job duties before workers accept positions.