伊朗发布了一份罕见的核袭击生存指南，建议民众寻找庇护所、关闭室外空气通风系统并避免放射性污染。在此类建议发布之际，外界正猜测美国可能会对以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡所寻求的、位于镐山深处埋藏的伊朗核设施发动打击。
Iran has issued a rare nuclear attack survival guide advising citizens to seek shelter, shut off outside-air ventilation and avoid radioactive contamination. The advisory comes amid speculation over a possible American strike on Iran's deeply buried nuclear facilities in the Pickaxe Mountain sought by Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu.
伊朗当局发布了一份罕见的关于在核爆炸中生存的公开指南。这段八分钟的视频包含了寻找庇护所、避免放射性污染以及防范放射性沉降物的指示。伊朗官方通讯社伊通社播发了这些指导原则及视频，建议市民寻找地下室，远离窗户，并关闭吸入室外空气的空调。他们还就如果在户外面临这种情况该怎么做提出了建议。
Iranian authorities have issued a rare public advisory on surviving a nuclear explosion. The eight-minute video contains instructions on taking shelter, avoiding radioactive contamination and protecting against fallout. Iran's official news agency IRNA carried the guidelines along with the video, advising citizens to look for basements, stay away from windows and switch off the air conditioners that draw in outside air. They also suggest what needs to be done if someone is caught in the open.
埃及和沙特阿拉伯的媒体也报道了这些指示，建议伊朗人在潜在袭击发生后至少在庇护所内待满24小时，食用包装食品和瓶装水，并避免在车辆内避难。伊朗紧急情况官员警告称，放射性颗粒可能会通过空气传播，这对距离最初爆炸地点很远的人们也构成了风险。
Egyptian and Saudi Arabian outlets also reported on the instructions, which advise Iranians to remain sheltered for at least 24 hours after a potential attack, use packaged food and bottled water, and avoid sheltering inside vehicles. Iranian emergency officials warned that radioactive particles could travel through the air, which posed risks even to people far from the initial explosion site.
这份附带八分钟教育视频的详细指南由伊通社于10月29日发布。其关于在核爆炸中生存的明确指示，标志着德黑兰方面在2025年6月以色列与美国对伊朗核设施发动空袭期间的公开信息传递方式发生了显著转变，当时官员们曾向民众保证，辐射并未扩散到目标地点之外。
The detailed advisory, accompanied by an eight-minute educational video, was published by IRNA on October 29. Its explicit instructions on surviving a nuclear blast mark a notable departure from Tehran's public messaging during the June 2025 Israel-US airstrikes on Iran's nuclear facilities, when officials reassured people that radiation had not spread beyond the targeted sites.
最近的这份指南是伊朗全国民防周活动的一部分。尽管伊朗举办民防周活动至少已有十多年之久，但报道并未表明其此前曾发布过核袭击生存指南。
The recent advisory is part of Iran's Passive Defence Week. Though Iran has been marking Passive Defence Week for at least more than a decade, reports do not suggest that it issued a nuclear attack survival guide earlier.
这段视频由伊斯法罕省应急部门发布，该省拥有纳坦兹核设施，发布之际正值关于美国可能打击伊朗“镐山”核相关深埋地下设施的猜测不断，该设施位于纳坦兹附近。10月16日，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普表示，华盛顿可能以该山为目标，但他明确排除了使用核武器的可能性。
The video, issued by emergency services in Isfahan, the Iranian province that houses the Natanz nuclear facility, comes amid speculation over a possible American strike on Iran's Pickaxe Mountain, a deep buried nuclear-related site near Natanz. On October 16, US President Donald Trump said Washington might target the mountain, although he explicitly ruled out using nuclear weapons.
周一，美国记者兼评论员塔克·卡尔森指称，以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡正在施压唐纳德·特朗普，要求在几天内对“镐山”发动核打击。
On Monday, US journalist and commentator Tucker Carlson alleged that Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu was pressuring Donald Trump to launch a nuclear strike on Pickaxe Mountain within days.
留在室内、关闭空调、远离窗户：伊朗向民众发布指示 伊朗的这份建议将强光、冲击波、极端高温和可能释放的放射性物质列为核爆炸的四大主要危险。
STAY INDOORS, SHUT AC, AVOID WINDOWS: IRAN TO CITIZENS The Iranian advisory described intense light, blast waves, extreme heat and the possible release of radioactive materials as the four principal dangers of a nuclear explosion.
伊斯法罕红新月会教育研究副主任易卜拉欣·阿德尔扎德建议居民在坚固建筑物内躲避，并远离窗户。
Ebrahim Adelzadeh, deputy director of education and research at the Isfahan Red Crescent Society, advised residents to take shelter in sturdy buildings and avoid windows.
“如果能安全到达，地下室或建筑物中心部位、远离窗户的房间可以作为合适的掩体，”阿德尔扎德对伊朗官方媒体伊朗通讯社（IRNA）表示。
"A basement or a room in the central part of a building, away from windows, can be a suitable shelter if it can be accessed safely," Adelzadeh told Iranian state-run broadcaster IRNA.
民众被要求关闭门窗，关闭空调并关闭将室外空气引入建筑物的通风系统。
People have been instructed to close doors and windows and switch off air-conditioners and shut ventilation systems that draw outside air into buildings.
埃及媒体Veto周二报道称，指示还包括准备在掩体内停留24小时。总部位于利雅得的沙特媒体“沙特新闻50”报道了更详细的内容，建议民众不要假设那24小时过后周围环境就会安全。
Egyptian outlet Veto reported on Tuesday that the instructions also included preparing to remain inside shelters for 24 hours. Riyadh-based Saudi News 50 reported a more detailed account advising people not to assume their surroundings would be safe after that 24-hour period. WHAT IF A NUCLEAR BLAST CATCHES SOMEONE OUTSIDE?
如果核爆发生时有人在室外怎么办？伊朗当局的指示还警告民众不要直视核爆炸产生的强烈闪光。对于身处室外且无法立即进入建筑物的人员，建议贴近地面趴下，在屏障后掩蔽，并保护头部和面部。
The instructions from Iranian authorities also warned people against looking directly at the intense flash of a nuclear explosion. Those caught outdoors and unable to enter a building immediately were advised to lie close to the ground, take cover behind a barrier and protect their heads and faces.
居民被告知，在最初的爆炸冲击波过去后，他们应当进入最近的坚固建筑物。
After the initial blast wave passed, they should enter the nearest sturdy building, the residents have been advised.
埃及媒体《萨达电台》报道称，人们还被指示不要留在户外观看或拍摄爆炸，也不要将车辆用作避难所。
Egyptian outlet Sada El Balad reported that people were also instructed not to remain outdoors watching or photographing the explosion and not to use vehicles as shelters.
沙特新闻50台（Saudi News 50）报道的指导意见建议，如果建筑物起火或面临倒塌风险，应转移到另一个安全的避难所。
The guidance reported by Saudi News 50 recommended moving to another safe shelter if the building caught fire or faced the risk of collapse.
放射性沉降物可能会传播到远超爆炸地点的区域 伊朗发出的警告中，最重要的警告之一涉及空气中的放射性粒子。伊斯法罕红新月会的阿德尔扎德（Adelzadeh）警告称，放射性物质可能会穿过大气层，并对紧邻爆炸地点以外的人群造成影响。
RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT COULD TRAVEL FAR BEYOND BLAST SITE One of the most significant warnings that is part of the Iranian warnings concerned airborne radioactive particles. Isfahan Red Crescent Society's Adelzadeh cautioned that radioactive materials could travel through the atmosphere and affect people beyond the immediate explosion site.
他向伊朗伊斯兰共和国通讯社（IRRNA）表示：“即使是远离爆炸最初地点的人，也应该认真对待官方警告，并根据负责任的主管部门提供的信息，就其住所或工作场所的安全做出决定。”
"Even people far from the initial site of the explosion should take official warnings seriously and make decisions about the safety of their homes or workplaces based on information provided by the responsible authorities," he told IRNA.
如果风将放射性粒子向东吹拂，沉降物可能会波及巴基斯坦甚至印度的部分地区。
If the winds carry radioactive particles eastward, fallout could potentially reach Pakistan and even parts of India.
受到放射性尘埃潜在影响的人被建议小心脱下外衣，将其放入密封袋中，并用温水和肥皂清洗暴露在外的皮肤和头发。
People potentially exposed to radioactive dust were advised to remove their outer clothing carefully, place it in sealed bags and wash exposed skin and hair with lukewarm water and soap.
沙特新闻50台的报道还包含了一项建议，即人们应使用不含护发素的普通洗发水，如果无法洗澡，则用湿巾清洁暴露在外的皮肤，并依赖包装食品和瓶装水。
The Saudi News 50 report also contained advice for people to use regular shampoo without conditioner, clean exposed skin with wet wipes if bathing was not possible, and rely on packaged food and bottled water.
伊朗警告切勿针对辐射自行服药 该视频还讨论了在某些辐射紧急情况下使用的药物。伊斯法罕院前紧急服务部门发言人阿巴斯·阿贝迪（Abbas Abedi）警告称，切勿在没有医疗建议的情况下服用碘片。
IRAN WARNS AGAINST SELF-MEDICATION FOR RADIATION The video also discussed medicines used in certain radiation emergencies. Abbas Abedi, a spokesperson for Isfahan's pre-hospital emergency services, warned against taking iodine tablets without medical advice.
他对伊朗伊斯兰共和国通讯社（IRNA）表示：“在特定条件下，稳定碘可以减少甲状腺对放射性碘的吸收，但它无法防护其他放射性物质或爆炸产生的辐射。”
"Stable iodine can, under certain conditions, reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland, but it does not provide protection against other radioactive materials or radiation resulting from an explosion," he told IRNA.
视频还提到了普鲁士蓝，这是一种在涉及放射性铯-137的内部污染特定病例中会被开具的药物。
The video also mentioned Prussian Blue, a medicine prescribed in certain cases of internal contamination involving radioactive caesium-137.
官员进一步警告称，电磁脉冲可能会干扰电子设备和通信系统。他们建议使用电池供电的收音机接收官方通报。
Officials further warned that electromagnetic pulses could disrupt electronic equipment and communication systems. They recommended the use of battery-powered radios for official updates.
此次伊朗发布防护指南的时机意义重大，正值外界对美国可能打击伊朗深埋地下的核设施的担忧重燃之际。在2025年6月的以伊战争期间，德黑兰主要致力于让民众放心，称放射性污染未扩散至目标设施之外。最新的防护指南则侧重于让公民为核爆炸的后果做准备，包括放射性尘埃降落和长期避难。虽然伊朗将此次演习与其“被动防御周”联系在一起，但异常详尽的指示引发了关注，正值外界对华盛顿下一步行动进行猜测之际。
The timing of the Iranian advisory is significant as it comes amid renewed concerns over a possible US strike on Iran's deeply buried nuclear facilities. During the June 2025 Israel-Iran war, Tehran largely sought to reassure people that radioactive contamination had not spread beyond the targeted facilities. The latest advisory focusses on preparing citizens for the consequences of a nuclear explosion, including radioactive fallout and prolonged sheltering. While Iran has linked the exercise to its Passive Defence Week, the unusually detailed instructions have drawn attention amid speculation over Washington's next move.