鲜有现代州长能像共和党人罗恩·德桑蒂斯那样，在佛罗里达州的性格上留下如此深刻的印记。
Few modern governors have left as deep a mark on Florida’s character as Republican Ron DeSantis.
在两个任期里，这位48岁的政治家彻底改变了该州的政治版图，将曾经的摇摆州变成了共和党的大本营。
Across his two terms, the 48-year-old politician has overhauled the state’s political landscape, turning what was once a swing state into a Republican stronghold.
这位佛罗里达州长也确立了自己在美国全国政治中的关键人物地位。在2024年总统大选期间，他被视为对唐纳德·特朗普总统构成主要挑战的共和党竞争者之一。德桑蒂斯将于1月离任：由于任期限制，他无法竞选第三届州长。
The Florida governor has also established himself as a key national figure in United States politics. During the 2024 presidential race, he was considered one of the chief Republican challengers to President Donald Trump. DeSantis leaves office in January: Due to term limits, he cannot run in a third election for governor.
但专家表示，他作为强硬派共和党人的遗产将定义周二中期选举中接替他的竞争格局。
But experts say his legacy as a hardline Republican will define the race to succeed him in Tuesday’s midterm elections.
美国联邦众议员拜伦·唐纳兹正在竞选，以捍卫共和党对佛罗里达州长官邸的控制权，但他面临着来自前联邦众议员大卫·乔利的比预期更激烈的竞争，后者是一位中间派民主党人。
US Representative Byron Donalds is campaigning to defend the Republicans’ hold on the governor’s mansion in Florida, but he faces stiffer-than-expected competition from former Congress member David Jolly, a centrist Democrat.
“德桑蒂斯的立场会疏远一些选民吗？肯定会。我们明天就会知道这是否足以带来改变，”中佛罗里达大学政治学教授奥布里·朱埃特对半岛电视台表示。十年前，德桑蒂斯在美国还远非家喻户晓的人物。
“Was [DeSantis’s position] going to alienate some voters? It definitely has. We’ll find out tomorrow if it’s enough to make a change,” Aubrey Jewett, a political science professor at the University of Central Florida, told Al Jazeera. A decade ago, DeSantis was hardly the household name he is today in the US.
这位曾在美众议院任职三届的前海军军官，在2018年首次竞选州长时，绝非稳操胜券。
A former naval officer who served three terms in the US House of Representatives, the Republican was by no means a shoo-in for the governor’s chair when he first ran for office in 2018.
那场竞争非常激烈。即使获得了特朗普的背书，德桑蒂斯也仅以不到半个百分点的优势险胜民主党对手安德鲁·吉勒姆。
The race was tight. Even with Trump’s endorsement, DeSantis only scraped past his Democratic rival, Andrew Gillum, by less than half a percentage point.
当时，佛罗里达是典型的“紫色”州，既可能倾向共和党，也可能倾向民主党。
At the time, Florida was a quintessential “purple” state, capable of leaning towards either Republican or Democrat.
然而，在德桑蒂斯的领导下，该州发生了右转。上一位在佛罗里达赢得全州范围职位的民主党人是前农业专员妮基·弗里德——而那已经是八年前的事了。
Under DeSantis’s leadership, however, the state took a rightward turn. The last Democrat to win statewide office in Florida was Nikki Fried, the former agricultural commissioner – and her victory came eight years ago.
自此以后，佛罗里达州的民主党人经历了一段低迷期，而共和党的获胜优势不断扩大。
Ever since, Democrats in Florida have endured a dry spell, while the Republican margin of victory has grown.
例如在2022年，德桑蒂斯以19个百分点的巨大优势压倒性赢得连任，这是自1982年以来的最大差距。他还成为20年来首位赢得民主党传统大本营迈阿密-戴德县的共和党州长候选人。
In 2022, for instance, DeSantis overwhelmingly won re-election by 19 points, the largest gap since 1982. He also became the first Republican gubernatorial candidate in 20 years to win the Democratic stronghold of Miami-Dade County.
到特朗普在2024年再次当选时，佛罗里达州作为可靠的共和党铁票仓的地位已无可争议。
By Trump’s re-election in 2024, Florida’s reputation as a reliably red bastion was undeniable.
那一年，特朗普在佛罗里达州的总统选举中以13.1个百分点的优势击败前副总统卡马拉·哈里斯，取得决定性胜利，这与他在2016年大选中仅以1.2个百分点的微弱优势获胜形成鲜明对比。
Trump notched a decisive victory with 13.1 percentage points over former Vice President Kamala Harris in Florida’s presidential vote that year, a far cry from his wafer-thin 1.2-point advantage during the 2016 election.
根据佛罗里达州选举事务部的数据，目前共和党在该州的注册选民人数比民主党多出150万。
According to Florida’s Division of Elections, Republicans currently hold an advantage of 1.5 million registered voters over the state’s Democrats.
这是一个戏剧性的逆转：2020年时，民主党在注册选民人数上还领先至少10万。
That is a dramatic reversal from 2020, when Democrats held a registration advantage of at least 100,000 voters.
许多专家认为，德桑蒂斯主导了这一注册人数激增。共和党选民因德桑蒂斯主张的低税收、轻监管，以及他拒绝实施疫情时期的限制措施而被吸引到该州。
Many experts credit DeSantis with spearheading this registration surge. Republicans have been attracted to the state by DeSantis’s platform of low taxes and light regulations, as well as his rejection of pandemic-era restrictions.
特朗普本人于2019年将位于佛罗里达州棕榈滩的海湖庄园作为永久住所，此举被广泛推测是为了利用佛罗里达州有利的税收制度。
Trump himself made the Mar-a-Lago resort in Palm Beach, Florida, his permanent residence in 2019, in a move widely speculated to take advantage of Florida’s favourable tax regime.
尽管特朗普和德桑蒂斯在2024年共和党初选期间曾短暂成为对手，但朱埃特表示，这位佛罗里达州长帮助塑造了“特朗普主义”——这位总统的政治运动——的内涵。德桑蒂斯本人曾把佛罗里达州举起来，称为“美国复兴的蓝图”。
Though Trump and DeSantis were briefly rivals during the 2024 Republican primaries, Jewett said the Florida governor has helped shape the meaning of “Trumpism”, the president’s political movement. DeSantis himself has held up Florida as a “blueprint for America’s revival”.
在他的领导下，佛罗里达州参与了特朗普的移民打击行动，并寻求清除公立大学中的多元化、公平与包容（DEI）举措。
Under his leadership, Florida has participated in Trump’s immigration crackdown and sought to purge public universities of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives.
例如，2022年4月，他签署成为法律的《反觉醒法案》，通过禁止将任何群体描绘为“天生种族主义者”的教学，限制了公立学校中关于种族和性别的教学内容。
In April 2022, for instance, he signed into law the Stop Woke Act, which limited how race and gender were taught in public schools by barring instruction that portrayed any group as “inherently racist”.
该法律的部分条款后来被废除，此前倡导者辩称其构成审查制度，违反了宪法第一修正案。
Part of the law was later struck down after advocates argued that it constituted censorship in violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution.
德桑蒂斯时代的其他法律，如2022年的《教育中的家长权利法案》，限制了课堂上关于性取向和性别认同的教学。
Other DeSantis-era laws, like 2022’s Parental Rights in Education Act, curbed classroom instruction on sexual orientation and gender identity.
“这些东西已经固化在佛罗里达州的K-12体系中，”朱埃特解释道。“鉴于州长已因政策分歧撤换了数人，学区董事会能做的事情不多。”然而，这些法律却产生了波及全美的影响。
“Those things have been cemented in Florida’s K-12 system,” Jewett explained. “There’s not a lot that the school boards could do, given that the governor has removed several people for policy disagreements.”Those laws, however, had wide-reaching impact across the US.
阿肯色州、印第安纳州、肯塔基州和爱荷华州随后纷纷推行法律，限制公立学校在课堂上涉及性、性别认同和种族议题的方式。
States like Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky and Iowa subsequently pursued laws curtailing how public schools addressed sexuality, gender identity and race in the classroom.
随着佛罗里达州选民前往投票站选出德桑蒂斯的继任者，朱埃特表示，德桑蒂斯将在未来数年对州和国家政治投下长长的阴影。
As Floridians head to the polls to choose DeSantis’s successor, Jewett said DeSantis will cast a long shadow over state and national politics for years to come.
他说：“无论任何人是同意还是不同意[德桑蒂斯]的观点，从中立的政治学角度来看，此人在佛罗里达州和全美都产生了巨大影响。”
“Whether anyone agrees or disagrees with [DeSantis], from a neutral political science perspective, the man has had a huge impact in Florida and across the nation,” he said.
共和党人唐纳兹承诺延续德桑蒂斯式政治，称这位即将卸任的领导人是“全美最好的州长”。在担任联邦众议员期间，唐纳兹甚至发起立法，限制性别和种族的教学方式，呼应了德桑蒂斯自己的立法议程。
Donalds, the Republican, has pledged to continue DeSantis-style politics, calling the outgoing leader “best governor in the country”. While in the US Congress, Donalds even sponsored legislation to limit how gender and race are taught, echoing DeSantis’s own legislative platform.
他的挑战者乔利，一位从共和党转投民主党的人士，将自己定位为“党派政治”的替代选择，以负担能力和医疗保健为竞选核心。
His challenger Jolly, a Republican-turned-Democrat, is pitching himself as an alternative to “partisan politics”, with affordability and healthcare at the heart of his campaign.
朱埃特预计唐纳兹将保留德桑蒂斯右翼议程的大部分内容，但不一定会复制他在所有议题上的做法，包括黑人历史教学。
Jewett expects Donalds to preserve much of DeSantis’s right-wing agenda, though not necessarily replicate his approach to all subjects, including Black history.
德桑蒂斯政府此前曾因拒绝一门非裔美国人历史大学预修课程，被指试图美化奴隶制教学。
The DeSantis administration has previously been accused of attempting to sanitise the teaching of slavery by rejecting an Advanced Placement course on African American history.
朱埃特谈到唐纳兹时说：“也许在种族问题上[……]，你可能会看到那里稍微有一点软化。”不过他警告说，唐纳兹在这些问题上“也不大可能变成进步派”。与此同时，德桑蒂斯不太可能从全国政治舞台上消失。
“Maybe on the racial issue […], you might see a little bit of softening there,” Jewett said of Donalds. He cautioned, however, that Donalds was likely “not going to turn into a progressive on those issues either”. DeSantis, meanwhile, is unlikely to disappear from national politics.
“我不认为我们已经见到了他的最后一面，”朱埃特说。他预测德桑蒂斯“肯定会尝试在2028年再次竞选总统”。
“I don’t think we’ve seen the last of him,” Jewett said. He predicts DeSantis will “certainly try to run for president again” in 2028.