汽车零部件制造商舍弗勒周二表示，将削减3460个岗位，并关闭其在欧洲的五个工厂，因为德国曾经占据主导地位的汽车行业仍在与经济逆风、海外竞争和技术变革作斗争。
Car parts maker Schaeffler said Tuesday it would cut 3,460 jobs and shutter five of its sites across Europe, as Germany's once-dominant autos sector continues to struggle against economic headwinds, overseas competition and technological change.
受影响的岗位中约有2660个、五个工厂中的四个位于德国，包括生产内燃机产品的多特蒙德工厂和莫尔巴赫工厂。柏林和施瓦尔巴赫工厂的运营也将终止，赫希施塔特的模具制造业务将停止。法国阿格诺和图卢兹工厂以及斯洛伐克斯卡利察和基苏采工厂的产能将进行调整。
Approximately 2,660 of the jobs and four of the five sites affected are in Germany, including Schaeffler's plants in Dortmund and Morbach, which manufacture products for internal combustion engines. Operations will also be discontinued at its Berlin and Schwalbach sites, and toolmaking will cease at Höchstadt. Capacity will be adjusted in Haguenau and Toulouse, France, as well as Skalica and Kysuce in Slovakia.
加上早先的计划和1800份已签署的部分退休协议，舍弗勒表示，到2028年，其德国核心员工队伍将减少约18%。公司预计，因此从2030年起每年将带来约3亿欧元（约合3.36亿美元）的盈利提振。
Including earlier programs and 1,800 signed partial-retirement agreements, Schaeffler says about 18% of its German core workforce will be reduced by 2028. The company forecasts a roughly 300 million euros ($336 million) annual boost to earnings from 2030 as a result.
舍弗勒希望消除生产过剩产能，并大幅提高效率，因为其面临着内燃机零部件和系统需求疲软，以及电动汽车普及速度慢于预期的问题——后者仍在亏损。
Schaeffler wants to eliminate overcapacity in production and make sweeping efficiencies as it grapples with weaker demand for combustion engine components and systems and a slower-than-expected ramp-up of EV adoption, an area in which it continues to lose money.
该集团报告称，第三季度营收同比下降0.2%至58亿欧元，扣除特殊项目前的息税前利润下降7.2%至2.45亿欧元。
The group reported a 0.2% year-on-year fall in revenue to 5.8 billion euros in the third quarter, and a 7.2% fall in earnings before interest and taxes before special items to 245 million euros.
公司补充称，其问题因“德国人均员工成本高于平均水平”以及“管理层级过多”而加剧。
Its issues are being compounded by "above-average costs per employee in Germany" and "too many management levels," it added.
欧洲汽车业处于“前所未有的转型期” 舍弗勒面临的挑战绝非孤例，欧盟新车注册量已从2019年的1530万辆降至2025年的1080万辆。
European autos in 'unprecedented transition' Schaeffler's challenges are far from isolated, with new car registrations in the European Union down from 15.3 million units in 2019 to 10.8 million units in 2025.
德国大众汽车目前正在进行大规模战略改组，预计将导致约10万个岗位被削减和多家工厂关闭，以应对盈利能力下降和中国汽车品牌的竞争。
Germany's Volkswagen is currently engaged in a massive strategic overhaul, set to result in around 100,000 job cuts and numerous plant closures as it tackles waning profitability and competition from Chinese car brands.
德国工业正处于前所未有的转型之中，无法停止，ING汽车与运输行业高级经济学家Rico Luman在接受CNBC采访时表示。欧洲向电动汽车的转变正在加速，电池电动汽车在欧盟12个月内的新注册车辆中占比22.7%。
"The German industry finds itself in an unprecedented transition which can't be stopped," Rico Luman, senior sector economist for automotives and transport at ING, told CNBC by The shift to EVs in Europe is accelerating, with battery electric vehicles accounting for 22.7% of new registrations in the European Union in the 12 months to September.
但中国品牌在该细分市场“正在取得进展”，零部件供应商面临特别困难，Luman说。
But Chinese brands are "gaining ground in this segment," with parts suppliers facing particular difficulties, Luman said.
电动汽车的制造更为简单，零部件更少，导致市场收缩，而欧洲在电池成本上仍无法竞争，他表示。新兴市场如机器人和国防产品“不是大规模市场，且需要的生产劳动力更少”，他补充道。
EVs are less complicated to build and have fewer components, leading to market contraction, while Europe is still unable to compete on cost for batteries, he said. New markets like robotics and defense products are "less mass markets and require less production workforce," he added.
Luman还表示，Schaeffler将研发人员裁减30%，其中50%在生产岗位，20%在其他岗位，这一裁员幅度“让我有点惊讶，因为开发新产品和新市场需要大量努力”。
Luman also said the extent of Schaeffler's reduction of its research and development workforce, which represents 30% of the fresh job cuts, with 50% in production and 20% in other roles, "surprises me a bit as there's a lot of effort required to develop new products and markets."
Schaeffler必须在“防御与进攻”之间取得平衡。德国汽车行业的Schaeffler及其他主要玩家正通过抓住国防领域的新机遇来应对行业挑战，随着欧洲加大军事支出。
Schaeffler must play 'defense and offense' Schaeffler and other major players in Germany's auto sector are confronting the industry's challenges by trying to capture new opportunities in defense as Europe ramps up military spending.
克劳斯·罗森费尔德（Klaus Rosenfeld）周二在接受CNBC采访时表示，欧洲若想恢复工业生产的竞争力，必须“同时进行防御与进攻”。
CEO Klaus Rosenfeld told CNBC on Tuesday that Europe could restore its competitiveness in industrial production, but only if it plays "defense and offense at the same time."
“我们想在德国生产，并想证明这是可行的。但只有解决我们面临的问题，才能实现——汽车行业的衰退、工厂产能过剩、研发能力过剩、人工成本过高以及组织过于复杂——才有可能。”罗森费尔德在CNBC《Squawk Box Europe》节目中说。
"We want to produce [in Germany], and we want to demonstrate that this is possible. But it's only possible if we address the issues that we have, and that is a downturn in the automotive industry, overcapacity in our plants, it is too much research and development capacity that we have, too high personnel costs, and also a too complex organization," Rosenfeld told CNBC's "Squawk Box Europe."
“我们基本上在重新安排某些产能，以释放出更多空间给即将到来的新项目。它们并不会像我们期望的那样同步到来。”
"We are basically rearranging here certain capacities to free up also capacity for the new things that are coming. They are not coming in the same synchronized manner as we would like to see it."
“但重要的是，我们不仅要在一方面做出调整，还要展望新的机遇，例如机器人技术、国防等。”
"But it's important that we not only adjust on the one hand, but that we look forward into the new opportunities like robotics, like defense, and others."
施耐德（Schaeffler）已在2025年底设立国防子公司，并于六月任命了“国防与新空间”部门的首席执行官，旨在抓住欧洲在这两个领域的更高支出和地区产能紧张的机会。
Schaeffler set up a defense subsidiary at the end of 2025, and appointed a chief executive officer of "Defence & New Space" in June, as it looks to capitalize on higher European spending on the two sectors and tight regional production capacity.
罗森费尔德告诉CNBC，公司还看到通过机器人技术、自动化和人工智能“创造效率”的充足机会。
The company also sees "ample opportunity to create efficiency" through robotics, automation and AI, Rosenfeld told CNBC.