加利福尼亚州2026年大选已成为亿万富翁的年头。数月来，极少数极其富有的人在选票的各个层面投入了前所未有的巨额资源。虽然他们的支出引起了广泛关注，但《政治》（POLITICO）——与《商业内幕》（Business Insider）同属阿克塞尔·施普林格全球记者网络——的一项新分析，更深入地揭示了他们的党派归属和投票习惯。
California's 2026 election has been the year of the billionaire. For months, a small handful of very, very wealthy people deployed their vast resources in unprecedented sums up and down the ballot. And while their spending drew widespread attention, a new analysis by POLITICO — which, like Business Insider, is part of the Axel Springer Global Reporters Network — offers a more revealing look at their party affiliations and voting habits.
一些人已将其政治立场表露无遗。亿万富翁慈善家汤姆·斯泰尔（Tom Steyer）今年试图花钱买通通往州长官邸的道路，在初选中投入最终未果的2亿多美元。SEIU-UHW（服务业国际工会联合医疗工人西部分会）推动的40号提案——对该州最富有居民征收一次性税收——将亿万富翁显性地置于选票之上，引发了由世界首富之一谢尔盖·布林（Sergey Brin）领导的超过3亿美元反对竞选活动，使他有望在未来多年充当政治权力掮客。
Some have made their politics abundantly clear. Tom Steyer, the billionaire philanthropist, attempted this year to buy his way to the governor's mansion with an ultimately unsuccessful $200-plus million primary campaign. SEIU-UHW's pursuit of Proposition 40, a one-time tax on the state's wealthiest residents, put billionaires on the ballot explicitly, prompting a more than $300 million opposition campaign led by Sergey Brin, one of the world's richest men, who is now positioned to act as a political powerbroker for years to come.
另一位亿万富翁、外科医生兼发明家加里·米歇尔森（Gary Michelson）花费数千万个人财富推动自己的提案——一项免疫学债券，将把数十亿美元拨给他共同创立的一个研究所。在整张选票上，现任和前任加州亿万富翁在今年州选举中的支出创下6.12亿美元纪录。多年来，美国最富有的人对政治走向和结果施加的影响力日益增强。
A separate billionaire, surgeon and inventor Gary Michelson, spent tens of millions of his personal fortune to promote his own measure, an immunology bond that would direct billions to an institute that he co-founded. Across the entire ballot, current and former California billionaires have spent a record $612 million on this year's state election. For years, the country's richest people have wielded a growing influence on the direction and outcome of its politics.
在加州，今年让这一趋势大幅加速。但他们究竟是谁？据《福布斯》（Forbes）统计，有250多位亿万富翁将加州视为家园——或直到最近仍如此。《政治》成功将其中166人与该州选民档案匹配，提供了关于其构成、政治倾向和投票倾向的新见解。该州许多亿万富翁的名字为普通选民所熟知，代表了该州娱乐和科技等主要产业——音乐偶像如Dr.德雷和蕾哈娜、金·卡戴珊等真人秀明星，以及马克·扎克伯格、Anthropic创始人达里奥·阿莫代伊、前谷歌首席执行官埃里克·施密特（不要与亿万富翁、海港货运工具公司首席执行官埃里克·施密特混淆）等硅谷科技大亨。
In California, this year has supercharged that trendline. But who, in fact, are they? More than 250 billionaires call California home — or have until recently — according to Forbes. POLITICO was able to match 166 of those individuals with the state's voter file, offering new insights into their make-up, political leanings and voting propensity. Many of the state's billionaires' names are familiar to the average voter, representing the state's major industries of entertainment and tech — music icons like Dr. Dre and Rihanna, reality TV stars like Kim Kardashian as well as Silicon Valley tech moguls like Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Anthropic founder Dario Amodei and former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (not to be confused with Eric Smidt, the billionaire CEO of Harbor Freight tools).
其他人则在相对默名无闻中经营业务——前玻璃和釉面产品公司所有者唐纳德·弗里斯，以及软件公司Altair Engineering创始人詹姆斯·斯卡帕，走在街上不太可能引来多少侧目。根据《政治报》的分析，在我们匹配到加利福尼亚州选民档案的亿万富翁中，注册民主党人多于注册共和党人，尽管有许多产业巨头曾造访白宫，并向唐纳德·特朗普总统示好。
Others run their businesses in relative anonymity — Donald Friese, the former owner of a glass and glazing products company, and James Scapa, the founder of a software firm Altair Engineering, are unlikely to turn many heads when they walk down the street. According to POLITICO's analysis, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans among the billionaires we identified to the California voter file, despite the number of industrial titans who have visited the White House and extended olive branches to President Donald Trump.
“选民可能认为加利福尼亚州亿万富翁阶层中共和党人更多，”加利福尼亚州民主党资深政治数据专家保罗·米切尔说。“这更多是一种近因偏见，因为你看到所有科技精英都围坐在特朗普身边。”共和党顾问迈克·墨菲表示，这些数字挑战了富人绝大多数是共和党人的假设。“旧政治模式将财富等同于共和党，所以人们可能假设他们既然是亿万富翁，就全都得是共和党人，”他说，“我认为数据表明情况比那更复杂。”
"Voters probably think there are more Republicans" among California's billionaire class, said Paul Mitchell, a Democratic leading political data expert in California. "That's more recency bias when you see all the tech elites around the table with Trump." Republican consultant Mike Murphy said the numbers challenge the assumption that wealthy people are overwhelmingly Republican. "The old model of politics equates wealth with Republican so people probably assume they've all got to be Republican if they're billionaires," he said, "and I think the data shows it's more complex than that."
根据州务卿办公室9月初提供的选民档案数据，扎克伯格被列为注册民主党人，他曾多次与特朗普会面，并经历了外界所谓的“MAGA式大改造”。另一位白宫常客阿莫代伊也被列为注册民主党人，他的AI对手萨姆·奥特曼也是。《政治报》在选民档案中识别出的加利福尼亚州共和党亿万富翁阵营由前州长领衔。
Zuckerberg, who has met with Trump on a number occasions and has undergone what some have termed a "MAGA-makeover," was listed as a registered Democrat, according to voter-file data the Secretary of State's office provided in early September. Amodei, another frequent guest of the White House, was also listed as a registered Democrat, as was his AI rival, Sam Altman. Headlining California's class of Republican billionaires that POLITICO identified in the voter file are former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Golden State Warriors and Golden State Valkyries owner Joe Lacob and Trump mega donor and tech entrepreneur Palmer Luckey.
阿诺德·施瓦辛格、金州勇士队和金州女武神队老板乔·拉科布，以及特朗普的大额捐赠者、科技企业家帕尔默·拉基。但这些亿万富翁的民主党倾向仍低于加州整体选民（POLITICO匹配到选民档案的亿万富翁中有36%为民主党人，而全州选民中这一比例为45%）。他们更倾向于无党派倾向（39%，而全州选民为23%）。米切尔表示，这可能反映出对两党政治体制的普遍鄙视。
But the billionaires were still less Democratic than their state's overall electorate (36% of the billionaires POLITICO matched to the voter file, compared to 45% of the statewide electorate). And they were more likely to have no party preference (39%, compared to 23% of voters statewide). Mitchell said that could reflect a prevailing disdain for the two-party political system. "One train of thought for a (no-party-preference voter) is: 'I don't know anything about politics, I don't care, I'm just independent.'
“无党派选民的一种想法是：‘我不懂政治，不关心，我只是独立。’另一种是：‘我比这些党派更聪明，我知道我想要什么，’”米切尔说。“我敢肯定，许多亿万富翁属于后者。”不出所料，洛杉矶和旧金山是亿万富翁群体中明显的地理权力中心。超过30人登记在旧金山，另有15人在洛杉矶，周边城市和郊区还有数十人。
The other is: 'I'm smarter than these parties, I know what I want,'" Mitchell said. "I'm sure a lot of these billionaires fit into that camp." Unsurprisingly, Los Angeles and San Francisco are the clear geographic centers of power among the billionaire set. More than 30 people were registered in San Francisco itself and another 15 in Los Angeles, with dozens more in the surrounding cities and suburbs.
至少四分之一出生于加州，其次是8%出生于纽约，至少19%出生于其他国家。虽然亿万富翁今年在加州政治中扮演了超大角色，但他们通常也是高投票倾向者。我们数据集中超过60%的亿万富翁在过去三次总统大选中都投了票，这一比例在2024年和2016年均高于全州选民。但尽管总体上比普通选民更积极，只有54%的人参加了去年11月的特别选举，参加2024年总统初选的比例甚至更低，仅为51%。
At least a quarter were born in the state, followed by 8% in New York, and at least 19% in other countries. While billionaires have seized an outsized role in the state's politics this year, they are also generally high-propensity voters. More than 60% of the billionaires in our dataset voted in each of the last three presidential elections, a higher share than the statewide electorate in both 2024 and 2016. But although generally more engaged than the average voter, just 54% voted in last November's special election and an even lower 51% in the 2024 presidential primaries.
至少部分亿万富翁已试图因财富税而逃离加州。反对者称，如果40号提案通过，他们可能不是最后一批。
At least some billionaires have already attempted to flee California over the wealth tax. If Prop 40 passes, opponents say, they may not be the last.
本文最初发表于《政治报》（POLITICO），由阿克塞尔·施普林格全球记者网络（Axel Springer Global Reporters Network）提供，该网络利用公司旗下新闻编辑室的资源，发布雄心勃勃的独家新闻、深度调查、专访、评论文章和分析。它让记者们——包括来自《政治报》、《商业内幕》（Business Insider）、《世界报》（WELT）、《图片报》（BILD）、Onet 和《事实报》（Fakt）的记者——能够合作完成重大报道，面向跨平台数亿国际受众。
This story originally appeared on POLITICO and is courtesy of the Axel Springer Global Reporters Network, which harnesses the resources of the company's newsrooms to publish ambitious scoops, investigations, interviews, opinion pieces, and analysis. It allows journalists — including those from POLITICO, Business Insider, WELT, BILD, Onet, and Fakt — to collaborate on major stories for an international audience of hundreds of millions across platforms.