美国政治领域的原住民代表性实现历史性突破，前内政部长德布·哈兰德周二当选新墨西哥州州长，成为首位领导美国州份的美洲原住民女性。
A historic breakthrough for Indigenous representation in US politics came Tuesday as former Interior Secretary Deb Haaland was elected governor of New Mexico, becoming the first Native American woman to lead a US state.
哈兰德击败了共和党候选人格雷格·赫尔，后者现年60岁，是一名商人，曾担任里奥兰乔市市长。
Haaland defeated Republican candidate Gregg Hull, a 60-year-old businessman who previously served as mayor of Rio Rancho.
她的胜利正值美洲原住民选民在全美政治影响力日益增强之际。原住民社区约占新墨西哥州人口的12%。
Her victory comes amid growing political influence among Native American voters nationwide. Indigenous communities account for approximately 12% of New Mexico’s population.
作为联邦承认的部落国家——位于新墨西哥州中西部的拉古纳普韦布洛的注册成员，哈兰德在该州及其原住民社区有着深厚根基。
An enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo, a federally recognized tribal nation in west-central New Mexico, Haaland has deep roots in the state and its Indigenous communities.
在步入全国政坛前，她曾从事部落行政和选民外联工作。她的政治历程部分源于她作为单身母亲、曾依靠公共援助生活、后在30多岁获得法学学位的经历。她的政治之路始于州级关键里程碑，随后转向全国舞台。
Before entering national politics, she worked in tribal administration and voter outreach. Her political journey was shaped in part by her experience as a single mother who relied on public assistance before earning her law degree in her 30s. Her political path began with key state-level milestones before shifting to the national stage.
2014年竞选副州长失利后，哈兰德次年强势反弹，成为美国历史上首位领导州政党的美洲原住民女性，于2015年至2017年担任新墨西哥州民主党主席。
After an unsuccessful bid for lieutenant governor in 2014, Haaland rebounded the following year by becoming the first Native American woman in US history to lead a state political party, serving as chair of the Democratic Party of New Mexico from 2015 to 2017.
2018年，她与亚历山德拉·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯、伊尔汗·奥马尔和拉希达·特莱布等新一代进步派议员一同当选美国众议院议员，首次跻身全国瞩目焦点。她是首批当选国会议员的两名美洲原住民女性之一。
She first rose to national prominence in 2018, when she was elected to the US House of Representatives alongside a new generation of progressive lawmakers, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib. She was among the first two Native American women elected to Congress.
2021年，时任总统乔·拜登任命她领导内政部，她成为首位担任美国内阁部长的美洲原住民。
In 2021, she became the first Native American to serve as a US Cabinet secretary after being appointed by then-President Joe Biden to lead the Interior Department.
在竞选州长期间，她承诺提高生活负担能力、设立公共医疗选项，并改革新墨西哥州的儿童福利制度。她还将自己定位为唐纳德·特朗普总统政策的反对者，这利用了她在国会任职期间挑战其政府的经验。
During her gubernatorial campaign, she pledged to improve affordability, establish a public healthcare option and reform New Mexico’s child welfare system. She also positioned herself as an opponent of President Donald Trump’s policies, drawing on her experience challenging his administration while serving in Congress.
哈兰在9月于波塔莱斯举行的竞选集会上发表讲话时，将矛头指向了该政府的经济政策，她说道：“唐纳德·特朗普自以为对新墨西哥州有所了解。”
Addressing a campaign gathering in Portales in September, Haaland targeted the administration’s economic policies, saying, “Donald Trump thinks he knows something about New Mexico.”
她强调了居民面临的经济困境，并补充道：“我们需要让新墨西哥州人的生活更加负担得起，因为我们现在的总统根本不知道我们是如何生活的。”哈兰还承诺，将通过行政命令暂停新墨西哥州境内所有新的大型数据中心项目，直至州议员制定出管辖其发展的法规。
She emphasized the economic struggles facing residents, adding, “We need to make life more affordable for New Mexicans because we have a president in office who has no clue how we live.”Haaland also pledged to suspend new large-scale data center projects across New Mexico through an executive order until state lawmakers establish regulations governing their development.
哈兰的名字还出现在今年早些时候公布的美国司法部与杰弗里·爱泼斯坦相关的档案中。
Haaland’s name also appeared in US Department of Justice files related to Jeffrey Epstein released earlier this year.
当地媒体报道称，在2014年竞选副州长期间，她曾乘坐由爱泼斯坦包租的私人飞机从圣达菲飞往华盛顿特区。据报道，这架飞机是为时任新墨西哥州总检察长加里·金安排的，当时他正在竞选州长。
Local media reported that she flew on a private jet chartered by Epstein from Santa Fe to Washington, DC, in 2014, during her lieutenant governor campaign. The flight was reportedly arranged for then-New Mexico Attorney General Gary King, who was running for governor.
她的竞选团队发言人表示，她从未与爱泼斯坦有过接触，也不知道该飞机是如何被包租的，并补充说她支持对他的罪行进行全面调查。
A spokesperson for her campaign said she had never interacted with Epstein and was unaware of how the aircraft had been chartered, adding that she supports a full investigation into his crimes.
她的当选正值今年美国各地竞选地方、州和联邦公职的原住民候选人达到创纪录的358人之际，其中包括玛丽·佩尔托拉和明尼苏达州副州长佩吉·弗拉纳根，后者创造了历史，成为第一位当选美国参议员的美国原住民女性。
Her election comes amid a record 358 Indigenous candidates running for local, state and federal offices across the US this year, including Mary Peltola and Minnesota Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan, who made history by becoming the first Native American woman elected to the US Senate.
哈兰将接替受任期限制的民主党籍州长米歇尔·卢汉·格里沙姆。2018年，哈兰在赢得新墨西哥州第一国会选区选举后，就曾在国会接替过她的席位。
Haaland will succeed term-limited Democratic Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, whom she previously succeeded in Congress after winning New Mexico’s 1st Congressional District in 2018.
在第一届特朗普政府期间担任国会议员时，哈兰德反对削减联邦援助计划的举措，其中包括医疗补助和补充营养援助计划（SNAP）。
During her congressional tenure under the first Trump administration, Haaland opposed efforts to cut federal assistance programs, including Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
在竞选期间，她誓言将继续挑战此类政策，表示已准备好再次对抗特朗普。
During her campaign, she vowed to continue challenging such policies, saying she was ready to stand up to Trump again.
美洲原住民于1924年获得美国公民身份，但多个州的投票限制依然存在。在新墨西哥州，二战老兵、伊斯莱塔普韦布洛族成员米格尔·特鲁希略于1948年发起法律挑战，推翻了一项禁止许多美洲原住民投票的州法律条款。
Native Americans gained US citizenship in 1924, but voting restrictions persisted in several states. In New Mexico, a 1948 legal challenge by World War II veteran and Isleta Pueblo member Miguel Trujillo overturned a state provision barring many Native Americans from voting.