洛杉矶市长当选人尼蒂亚·拉曼即将就职，带着雄心勃勃的气候议程，而这座美国第二大城市正面临热浪、山火和海平面上升等日益加剧的影响。
Angeles Mayor-elect Nithya Raman takes office with an ambitious climate agenda as the second-largest US city faces intensifying impacts from heat waves, wildfires and rising seas.
这位击败现任市长凯伦·巴斯的民主社会主义者，呼应前任的气候规划，提出了建筑和交通电气化的提案，并致力于打造更绿色、更适宜步行和骑行的城市，以吸引安吉利诺人放弃私家车。但这位毕业于哈佛大学和麻省理工学院的城市规划师，还呼吁暂停大型数据中心建设，逐步剥离市养老基金在化石燃料公司的投资，并要求加强问责，以确保城市实现其脱碳目标。
Raman, a democratic socialist who defeated incumbent Mayor Karen Bass, echoes her predecessors’ climate plans with proposals to electrify buildings and transportation and woo Angelenos from their cars by creating a greener and more walkable, bikeable city. But the Harvard and MIT-educated urban planner has also called for a moratorium on big data centers, phasing out city pension fund investments in fossil-fuel companies and more accountability to ensure the city achieves its decarbonization goals.
“我们的气候政策不能靠自动驾驶，”拉曼在9月3日的候选人论坛上表示。“市长必须任命与这种紧迫感一致的领导人，衡量进展，并在部门落后时追究其责任。”不过，为气候倡议寻找资金将是一大挑战，因为拉曼将接管这座庞大的大都市，这里深陷无家可归危机、住房负担危机、2025年太平洋帕利塞兹大火的余波，以及筹办2028年夏季奥运会的需求之中。
“Our climate policy cannot run on autopilot,” Raman said at a Sept. 3 candidates forum. “A mayor has to appoint leaders who share this urgency, measure progress and hold departments accountable when they fall behind.”Finding money for climate initiatives, though, will prove a challenge as Raman takes charge of a sprawling metropolis besieged by homelessness, a housing affordability crisis, the fallout from the 2025 Palisades firestorm and the demands of staging the 2028 Summer Olympics.
加州大学洛杉矶分校卢斯金创新中心执行主任科琳·卡拉汉表示，她预计拉曼将致力于长期的气候目标，但重点将放在“那些枯燥的细节上，比如指标，以及让公众了解城市在气候目标上的进展情况。”“拉曼不一定试图制定新目标，而是专注于执行和问责，将目标和规划转化为直接惠及安吉利诺人的成果，”她补充道。
Colleen Callahan, executive director of the Luskin Center for Innovation at the University of California at Los Angeles, said she expects Raman to pursue longstanding climate targets but with a focus “on the nerdy details like the metrics and making the public aware of how the city is doing on its climate goals.”“Raman is not trying necessarily to create new goals, but to focus on implementation and accountability to turn goals and plans into outcomes that directly benefit Angelenos,” she added.
这是另一位民主社会主义市长、纽约市的佐兰·马姆达尼所采取的“修补坑洼”式务实路线。
It’s a filling-potholes approach pursued by another democratic socialist mayor, Zohran Mamdani of New York City.
曾担任洛杉矶首任首席热力官及该市气候紧急动员办公室创始主任的玛塔·塞古拉表示，历任市长的气候倡议之所以薄弱，是因为缺乏衡量资金使用成效的体系，且市政部门间缺乏协调。一份针对洛杉矶2019年气候行动计划的审计发现，其许多举措“缺乏有意义的目标”且“过于模糊，无法衡量”。“拉曼的不同之处在于，她将优先推进气候行动和适应计划，使其与我们的预算可能性相匹配，”塞古拉说。
Marta Segura, who served as LA’s first chief heat officer and the founding director of the city’s Climate Emergency Mobilization Office, said the weakness of previous mayors’ climate initiatives was the absence of systems to gauge the effectiveness of money spent and a lack of coordination among municipal bureaucracies. An audit of Los Angeles’ 2019 climate action plan found many of its initiatives “lack meaningful targets” and “are too vague to measure.”“The difference with Raman is that she will prioritize the climate action and adaptation plan to align with what is possible with our budget,” said Segura, who became director of the UCLA Center for Healthy Climate Solutions after Bass dismissed her earlier this year and reduced the climate office’s staff.
她在巴斯今年早些时候解职她并缩减气候办公室人员后，出任加州大学洛杉矶分校健康气候解决方案中心主任。她表示，自己是以个人身份发言。
She said she was speaking in her personal capacity.
塞古拉和其他观察人士引用拉曼致力于增加公交候车亭数量、以保护乘客免受日益炽热的南加州阳光暴晒，作为其执政风格的例证。她在担任市议员期间推动的立法，将公交候车亭广告收入从市议会财政拨款转入一个专门项目，用于在交通站点建设更多遮荫设施。
Segura and other observers cited Raman’s work to increase the number of bus shelters to protect riders from the increasingly blistering Southern California sun as indicative of her approach. Legislation she sponsored as a city councilmember redirected bus shelter advertising revenue from council coffers to a dedicated program to build more shade at transportation stops.
“她倡导重组我市公交候车亭的选址和建设方式，使其由热暴露程度和乘客量驱动，”洛杉矶非营利组织“气候决心”的副主任布林·蒙塞尔西说。
“She’s championed the restructuring of how bus shelters get placed and built in our city so that it’s driven by heat exposure and ridership,” said Bryn Moncelsi, deputy director of Los Angeles nonprofit Climate Resolve.
蒙塞尔西表示，拉曼提出的通过简化审批流程来刺激更高密度的住房开发、特别是在交通枢纽附近的开发，将有助于实现该市的脱碳目标。
Moncelsi said Raman’s proposals to spur denser housing development, particularly near transportation hubs, by streamlining permitting would help achieve the city’s decarbonization goals.
“住房和交通这两个杠杆，真正是我们作为一个城市减少气候污染所能做的最大努力，”她说。
“Those two levers, housing and transportation, are really the most we can do for reducing our climate pollution as a city,” she said.
考虑到住房问题周围错综复杂的政治局势，这说起来容易做起来难。专家表示，奥运会或许能为拉曼提供一个契机，争取合作伙伴关系，为造福居民以及预计将有超过 1000 万人参加奥运会的气候倡议筹集资金，例如种植 10 万棵树、增加遮荫处和绿地。
That’s easier said than done, given the fraught politics around housing. Experts said the Olympics, though, may present Raman with an opportunity to secure partnerships to fund climate initiatives that benefit residents and the more than 10 million people expected to attend the games, such as planting 100,000 trees and creating more shade and green space.
卡拉汉表示：“奥运会是一个契机，能让我们兑现其中一些优先事项，也许比没有世界舞台来吸引关注和积累势头时要快。”
“The Olympics is an opportunity to deliver on some of these priorities, maybe faster than if we didn’t have the world stage to garner attention and momentum,” said Callahan.