美国律师资格考试并不陌生于丑闻。在过去二十年里，无意的技术问题和评分错误曾多次在多个州玷污了这项律师执业资格考试。
The US bar exam is no stranger to scandal. Inadvertent technological problems and scoring errors have marred the attorney licensing exam multiple times in various states over the past two decades.
但新指控称，阿肯色州一名法院官员在至少八次考试中故意篡改律师资格考试结果，这与众不同，属于犯罪行为——而非这项决定法学院毕业生能否成为执业律师的考试中出现的行政失误。
But new allegations that a court official in Arkansas intentionally altered bar exam results over at least eight iterations of the test stand apart as a criminal act — not an administrative screwup on the exam that determines whether law school graduates become practicing attorneys.
全国律师考试会议（National Conference of Bar Examiners）的一位发言人周五表示，该组织负责设计律师资格考试的全国统一部分，但不处理最终分数，目前不知晓其他任何故意操纵结果的实例。
A spokesperson for the National Conference of Bar Examiners, which designs the national components of the bar exam but does not handle final scores, said on Friday that it is unaware of any other instances where results were intentionally manipulated.
“律师准入程序的诚信至关重要，关乎考生、各司法管辖区和公众，”全国律师考试会议发言人表示，并补充称该组织已准备好协助阿肯色州。
"Confidence in the integrity of the bar admissions process is critically important to examinees, jurisdictions, and the public," the National Conference spokesperson said, adding that the organization stands ready to assist Arkansas.
阿肯色州检方周四宣布，已指控阿肯色州最高法院专业项目办公室前执行主任南希·吉文斯（Nancie Givens）65项重罪篡改公共记录罪。法庭记录显示，吉文斯对指控表示不认罪。她未回应置评请求。
Prosecutors in Arkansas on Thursday said they charged Nancie Givens, the former executive director of the Supreme Court of Arkansas' Office of Professional Programs, with 65 felony counts of tampering with a public record. Court records show that Givens pleaded not guilty. She has not responded to requests for comment.
阿肯色州最高法院表示，调查人员发现证据显示，吉文斯涉嫌在2020年至2025年间举行的考试中，从部分考生分数中扣除分数并分配给其他考生，这些更改使部分考生分数超过了最低及格线。至少在一起案例中，更改导致一名考生的及格分数变为不及格。
The Arkansas Supreme Court said investigators uncovered evidence that Givens allegedly took points from some bar examinees and assigned them to others on exams given between 2020 and 2025, and that those changes elevated some test takers above the minimum passing score. In at least one case, the changes bumped a passing score to a failing one.
法院还表示，吉文斯在离职前删除或修改了约11400份文件和电子通信记录，试图掩盖其行为，其中包括本应保存25年的律师资格考试评分表。
The court also said Givens deleted or modified approximately 11,400 files and electronic communications before she left in an effort to conceal her conduct, including bar examination score sheets that are supposed to be retained for 25 years.
阿肯色州 7 月律师资格考试的总体通过率从 2019 年的 57% 上升至 2020 年的 70%。在 Givens 于 2 月辞职后，这一比率从 2025 年的 70% 下降至今年的 65%。近年来，其他州的律师资格考试也出现了问题。
The overall pass rate for Arkansas' July bar exam rose from 57% in 2019 to 70% in 2020. It fell from 70% in 2025 to 65% this year, after Givens resigned her position in February. Problems have plagued other states' bar exams in recent years.
加利福尼亚州 2025 年 2 月首次举行的混合远程和现场律师资格考试因广泛的技术问题而受挫，加利福尼亚州律师协会为此估计花费了 600 万美元。官员随后披露，该考试出现了几轮评分错误。
California's first hybrid remote and in-person bar exam in February 2025 was marred by widespread technological problems that cost the State Bar of California an estimated $6 million to address. Officials later disclosed several rounds of scoring errors on that exam.
佐治亚州律师资格考试官员误判 90 名参加该州 2015 年 7 月和 2016 年 2 月律师资格考试的人员不及格，后来发现他们实际上通过了考试。而在 2014 年 7 月的律师资格考试期间，包括纽约州在内的多个州的考试测试软件出现故障，这一事件被称为“Bar 末日”（Barmageddon）。圣路易斯大学法学院教授 Marsha Griggs 表示，当考试管理或评分出现问题时，各州通常不会向律师资格申请人提供赔偿。但她补充说，这种情况可能会改变。
Bar exam officials in Georgia mistakenly failed 90 people who took the state's July 2015 and February 2016 bar exams, later discovering they actually passed. And bar exam testing software failed across multiple states, including New York, during the July 2014 bar exam, an incident dubbed "Barmageddon." Saint Louis University School of Law Professor Marsha Griggs said states do not typically compensate bar applicants when something goes wrong with the administration of the exam or scores. But that may change, she added.
Griggs 说：“鉴于我们最近看到的令人震惊的损害，我感觉到法院将不得不考虑为受影响者提供补救途径。”
"With the shocking harms we've seen recently, I sense that the courts are going to have to consider remedial avenues for those affected," Griggs said.