布鲁塞尔虽未严厉批评，亚美尼亚民间社会却警告当局正对反对派人物实施选择性司法。欧盟的务实立场是否会重蹈覆辙？
While Brussels has refrained from harsh criticism, Armenian civil society has warned of selective justice against opposition figures. Could the EU's pragmatic stance risk repeating past mistakes?
首选 DW Google 总理尼科尔·帕希尼扬领导的政府已将亚美尼亚定位为欧盟在南高加索地区日益亲密的伙伴。10月初，亚美尼亚反对党“阿德克瓦德”领袖阿图尔·达尼扬因一条批评总理尼科尔·帕希尼扬的 Facebook 帖子而被捕。这一事件是一个日益增长趋势的一部分：过去两年，亚美尼亚当局对多名反对派人物提起指控，主要依据是他们的社交媒体活动。
Prefer DW on Google Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's government has positioned Armenia as an increasingly close partner of the European Union in the South Caucasus In early October, Artur Danielyan, leader of Armenia's opposition party Adekvad, was arrested following a Facebook post criticizing Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan The incident is part of a growing trend: Over the past two years, Armenian authorities have brought charges against multiple opposition figures, largely based on their social media activity.
民间社会代表警告称，这种选择性司法预示着民主倒退的令人担忧的转向。
Civil society representatives warn that such selective justice signals a worrying turn toward democratic backsliding.
阿图尔·达尼扬的被捕 达尼扬被捕的理由是他在 Facebook 上发布的帖子，他在帖子中批评了帕希尼扬和该国的安全机构。
The arrest of Artur Danielyan The grounds for Danielyan's detention were Facebook posts in which he criticized both Pashinyan and the country's security services.
争议点之一是帕希尼扬关于可能进行囚犯交换的立场，该交换涉及一名阿塞拜疆士兵，此人被指控闯入亚美尼亚沙基村一名39岁妇女的家中并伤害了她和她的孩子。
One point of contention was Pashinyan's stance on a possible prisoner exchange involving an Azerbaijani soldier accused of breaking into the home of a 39-year-old woman in the Armenian village of Shaki and injuring her and her children.
在接受亚美尼亚新闻媒体 Infocom 采访时，帕希尼扬排除了用被关押在亚美尼亚的这名士兵交换被阿塞拜疆扣押的亚美尼亚人的可能性。达尼扬随即猛烈抨击，称总理为“渣滓”，并指责他不愿将同胞接回家。
In an interview with Armenian news outlet Infocom, Pashinyan ruled out swapping the soldier imprisoned in Armenia for detained Armenians in Azerbaijan. Danielyan responded with a scathing attack, calling the prime minister a "scumbag" and accusing him of being unwilling to bring his fellow citizens home.
亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆因纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫地区冲突了三十年，该地区是阿塞拜疆的一个分离地区，由亚美尼亚人居住，于1990年代宣布独立。2023年阿塞拜疆发动军事攻势后，巴库重新控制了该领土，迫使超过10万亚美尼亚人逃离。目前，有19名亚美尼亚人被巴库扣押，其中包括纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫事实上的行政机构前高级官员。
Armenia Azerbaijan were in conflict for three decades over Nagorno-Karabakh, a breakaway Azerbaijani region populated by Armenians that declared independence in the 1990s. After Azerbaijan's military offensive in 2023, Baku regained control over the territory, forcing over 100,000 Armenians to flee Currently, 19 Armenian individuals are being detained in Baku, including former high-ranking officials from Nagorno-Karabakh's de facto administration.
极右翼“Adekvat”党领袖阿图尔·达尼尔扬是亚美尼亚的争议人物 选择性起诉呈增长趋势？
Artur Danielyan, leader of the far-right "Adekvat" party, is a controversial figure in Armenia Growing trend of selective prosecutions?
十多个亚美尼亚民间社会组织谴责对Adekvad党领袖的起诉，称其“明显违法、不成比例且具有政治动机”。联合声明说：“这具有惩罚性质，并向广大公众发出直接信号，旨在压制异议、批评观点和不受欢迎的言论。”
Over a dozen Armenian civil society organizations have condemned the prosecution of the Adekvad party leader, calling it "patently illegal, disproportionate, and politically motivated." "It is punitive in nature and sends a direct signal to the broader public aimed at silencing dissent, critical views, and undesirable speech", said the joint statement.
针对批评执政当局或帕希尼扬的活动人士，已启动其他几起刑事诉讼。
Several other criminal proceedings have been launched against activists who criticized the ruling establishment or Pashinyan.
另一起引人注目的案件出现在6月议会选举前夕。来自纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的流离失所活动人士阿图尔·奥西普扬因就纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫政策与帕希尼扬发生口头冲突而被捕。
Another prominent case emerged ahead of the parliamentary elections in June. Artur Osipyan, a displaced activist from Nagorno-Karabakh was arrested after a verbal clash with Pashinyan over his Nagorno-Karabakh policy.
事件发生后，亚美尼亚检方以扰乱公共秩序和阻碍执政党竞选活动起诉奥西普扬。他还因3月的一条社交媒体帖子被指控煽动针对帕希尼扬的暴力。亚美尼亚的言论自由岌岌可危？
Following the incident, Armenian prosecutors indicted Osipyan for disrupting public order and obstructing the ruling party's campaign. He was also charged with inciting violence against Pashinyan in a social media post from March. Is freedom of expression in danger in Armenia?
2020年4月15日，第226.2条被增补进亚美尼亚刑法典，将公开呼吁暴力、公开为暴力辩护或宣扬暴力定为犯罪。
On April 15, 2020, Article 226.2 was added to the Criminal Code of Armenia, penalizing public calls to violence, as well as the public justification or promotion of violence.
在民间社会强烈愤慨后，这些罪行随后被非刑事化。根据自由之家2025年报告，“根据2020年刑法修正案涉及煽动暴力的法庭案件中，近95%涉及针对总理帕希尼扬及其支持者的所谓威胁，而执政党成员可能违禁的言论显然未受到同等审查。”在整个2026年选举前夕期间，总部设在埃里温的独立智库“区域民主与安全中心”（RCDS）监测了针对纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫难民的网络仇恨言论。
After strong outrage by civil society, these offences were subsequently decriminalized. According to a 2025 report by Freedom House, "nearly 95% of court cases concerning incitement to violence under a 2020 criminal code amendment had involved alleged threats against Prime Minister Pashinyan and his supporters, whereas potentially prohibited statements by ruling party members were apparently not subject to the same scrutiny." Throughout the 2026 pre-election period, the Regional Center for Democracy and Security (RCDS), an independent think tank based in Yerevan, monitored online hate speech targeting Nagorno-Karabakh refugees.
他们的报告记录了亲政府博主和有影响力的社交媒体用户如何利用其平台，向流离失所的纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫亚美尼亚人发泄敌对言论，并用贬义词汇给他们贴标签。尽管有这些调查结果，亚美尼亚执法机构在很大程度上避免对这些活动人士提起刑事诉讼。欧盟为何不做出反应？
Their reports documented how pro-government bloggers and influential social media users used their platforms to direct hostile rhetoric toward displaced Karabakh Armenians, labeling them with derogatory terms. Despite these findings, law enforcement agencies in Armenia largely refrained from pursuing criminal prosecutions against these activists. Why doesn't the EU react?
尽管亚美尼亚努力加强与欧盟的关系，布鲁塞尔对压制反对派声音一事未给出明确回应，埃里温的观察人士对德国之声表示。
Despite Armenia's efforts to strengthen its ties with the EU Brussels has given no clear response to the silencing of opposition voices, observers in Yerevan told DW.
政治分析师季格兰·格里戈良表示：“总体而言，欧盟采取了一种非常务实且由地缘政治驱动的做法。”
by and large, has adopted a very pragmatic and geopolitically driven approach," said political analyst Tigran Grigoryan.
他补充道：“考虑到各种地区事态发展，包括格鲁吉亚正在发生的事情，亚美尼亚现已成为欧盟在该地区的主要伙伴。加上帕希尼扬的替代者是亲俄反对派这一事实，最终导致对这些刑事案件没有严肃回应。”
"Given various regional developments, including what is happening in Georgia Armenia has now become the EU's primary partner in the region," he added. "Coupled with the fact that the alternative to Pashinyan is a pro-Russian opposition, there is ultimately no serious response to these criminal cases."
德国对外关系委员会（DGAP）东欧问题专家斯特凡·迈斯特也持相同观点。迈斯特表示，欧洲对亚美尼亚的支持“主要由欧洲的对俄政策驱动”。“所以这与其说关乎亚美尼亚本身，不如说更多是关于强化那些在该国和该地区削弱俄罗斯影响力的力量。”
Stefan Meister, Eastern Europe expert at the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP), echoed this view. European support for Armenia appears to be "mainly driven by the European Russia policy," Meister said. "So it's not so much about Armenia itself, but it is more about strengthening those forces that are undermining Russia's influence in the country and in the region."
他认为，帕希尼扬利用这种地缘政治动态，将国内政治对手贴上俄罗斯代理人的标签。然而，迈斯特补充道，并非所有批评帕希尼扬的人都是亲俄派。他指出，“欧盟以某种方式陷入了这个陷阱，接受了这是正确的叙事。”欧盟：亚美尼亚应兑现其承诺一位欧盟发言人在对德国之声的书面回复中表示，民主、法治和基本权利是欧盟-亚美尼亚全面和加强伙伴关系协定（CEPA）以及欧盟-亚美尼亚伙伴关系战略议程的核心。
He believes that Pashinyan leverages this geopolitical dynamic to label internal political opponents as Russian proxies. However, not everyone who criticizes Pashinyan is pro-Russian, Meister added. He pointed out that "the EU is somehow falling into this trap by accepting that this is the right narrative." EU: Armenia should deliver on its commitment Democracy, the rule of law, and fundamental rights are at the core of the EU-Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and the Strategic Agenda for the EU-Armenia Partnership, an EU spokesperson said in a written response to DW's request for comment.
声明还指出：“欧盟正密切关注该国事态发展，包括刑事调查方面的进展。根据亚美尼亚的国际承诺和法律框架，此类调查应以独立、公正的方式进行，不受政治因素影响。”
It also pointed out that "the EU is closely following developments in the country, including as regards criminal investigations. In line with Armenia's international commitments and legal framework, such investigations should be carried out in an independent and impartial manner, free from political considerations."