美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯面临可能的弹劾，此前共和党众议员托马斯·马西提出一项决议，要求将其免职。
US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth is facing possible impeachment after Republican Congressman Thomas Massie introduced a resolution to remove him from office.
周一，马西在众议院会议厅发言，指控赫格塞斯执行非法命令、违背美国宪法，对伊朗和委内瑞拉发动战争，并系统性地未能保护平民。
On Monday, Massie took the floor of the House of Representatives to accuse Hegseth of carrying out unlawful orders and contravening the United States Constitution by waging war against Iran and Venezuela, as well as systematically failing to protect civilians.
他周一提出了八项弹劾条款，启动了为期两天的倒计时，可能在本周中段进行表决。
He introduced eight articles of impeachment on Monday, starting a two-day countdown that could bring a vote by midweek.
民主党高层表示将支持该决议，而赫格塞斯态度强硬，并获得美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的支持。以下是我们目前了解的情况。弹劾程序如何运作？
Top Democrats say they will support the resolution, while Hegseth has struck a defiant tone and has the backing of US President Donald Trump. Here’s what we know. How does impeachment work?
美国宪法赋予众议院“唯一的弹劾权”，意味着只有众议院可以选择对高级官员（包括内阁成员）启动弹劾程序。官员因“叛国、受贿或其他重罪和轻罪”可被弹劾并免职。
The US Constitution gives the House of Representatives “the sole Power of Impeachment”, meaning it alone can choose to initiate impeachment proceedings against senior officials, including cabinet members. Officials can be impeached and removed for “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors”.
如果众议院过半数投票决定弹劾一名内阁成员，参议院随后将以过半数决定是否宣判无罪，或定罪并将其免职。定罪需要参议院三分之二多数票。
If a majority of the House votes to impeach a cabinet member, the Senate then gets to decide by majority whether to acquit or to convict and remove them. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of Senate votes.
特朗普总统在其首个任期内创造了历史，成为美国历史上唯一一位被民主党控制的众议院两次弹劾的总统，尽管他两次都被共和党控制的参议院宣判无罪。
President Trump made history during his first term in office by becoming the only US president to be impeached by a Democrat-held House twice, though he was acquitted by a Republican-held Senate twice.
如果被弹劾，赫格塞斯将成为自1876年威廉·贝尔纳普因受贿被弹劾以来，第二位遭遇此命运的美国军方首长。
If impeached, Hegseth would be the second head of the US military to meet that fate since William Belknap, who was impeached for bribery in 1876.
在本案中，赫格塞斯因其处理对伊朗战争和与委内瑞拉冲突的方式，被指控犯有“重罪和轻罪”。赫格塞斯被指控了什么？
In this case, Hegseth stands accused of “high crimes and misdemeanors” over his handling of the war on Iran and the conflict with Venezuela. What is Hegseth accused of?
在八项弹劾条款中，四项涉及伊朗，两项涉及委内瑞拉及自2025年以来在加勒比海发生的袭船事件。一项涉及2025年美国在也门的空战行动。唯一一项非冲突相关的条款是关于赫格塞斯对待民主党参议员马克·凯利的方式。
Of the eight articles, four concern Iran and two cover Venezuela and strikes on boats conducted in the Caribbean since 2025. One relates to the 2025 US air campaign in Yemen. The only non-conflict-related article is Hegseth’s treatment of Democratic Senator Mark Kelly.
凯利是亚利桑那州民主党人、美国海军退役上校，曾于2025年11月与其他五名民主党议员一起出现在一段视频中，对美军表示：“我们的法律很清楚。你们可以拒绝执行非法命令。”
Kelly, an Arizona Democrat and retired US Navy captain, appeared with five other Democratic lawmakers in a November 2025 video telling US troops: “Our laws are clear. You can refuse illegal orders.”
赫格塞斯指控他们煽动叛乱，并威胁要起诉他们；特朗普在社交媒体发文称他们的行为“应判处死刑！”马西的弹劾条款指控赫格塞斯试图将国会议员的言论和监督活动置于国防部的“意志和酌情决定”之下。这些条款对伊朗、委内瑞拉和也门说了什么？
Hegseth accused them of sedition and threatened to prosecute them, while Trump said in a social media post that their conduct was “punishable by DEATH!”Massie’s articles accuse Hegseth of trying to subject the speech and oversight activities of members of Congress “to the will and discretion” of the Department of Defense. What do the articles say about Iran, Venezuela and Yemen?
马西表示，虽然特朗普因发布他所称的非法命令（如攻击伊朗）而应负责任，但赫格塞斯选择执行这些命令。
Massie said that while Trump was culpable for issuing what he described as unlawful orders, like attacking Iran, Hegseth chose to carry them out.
“赫格塞斯不应执行非法命令，这就是我们弹劾他的原因，”马西说。
“Hegseth should not carry out illegal orders, and that’s why we’re impeaching him,” Massie said.
四项伊朗相关条款中有三项依据《战争权力决议》，这是一项1973年通过的法律，限制总统在未经国会批准的情况下发动战争的权力。伊朗相关条款指控赫格塞斯：在未经国会批准、亦未遭受美国本土遭袭的情况下发动战争。无视国会两院于6月通过的一项决议，该决议命令美军退出战斗。
Three of the four Iran articles rest on the War Powers Resolution, a 1973 law that limits a president’s power to wage war without the approval of Congress. The Iran articles accuse Hegseth of: Going to war without the approval of Congress or an attack on the US. Ignoring a resolution passed by both chambers of Congress in June that ordered US forces out of the fighting.
在未经授权敌对行动的60天期限于5月1日届满后，继续推进战争。
Continuing the war after a 60-day limit for unauthorised hostilities ran out on May 1.
采取措施“系统性拆除平民保护基础设施”，并对明纳布学校空袭负责，该袭击发生在战争第一天，造成156名平民死亡，其中大多为儿童。
Taking measures to “systematically dismantle civilian-protection infrastructure”, and responsibility for the Minab school strike that killed 156 civilians, mostly children, on the first day of the war.
文章指控赫格塞斯助长了一种“对武装冲突法和保护平民持敌对态度的文化”。文章引用了他在2025年9月的一番表态，当时他将国防部更名为战争部：“最大杀伤力，而非温吞的合法性。暴力效果，而非政治正确。”在周一的媒体通报会上，马西驳回了关于米纳布学校空袭是战争迷雾导致的失误这一说法，称美国有数月时间准备其对伊朗的单边袭击。“第一天不存在战争迷雾，”他说。
The articles accuse Hegseth of fostering a culture “hostile to the law of armed conflict and the protection of civilians”. They cite his declaration in September 2025, as he rebranded the Department of Defense as the Department of War: “Maximum lethality, not tepid legality. Violent effect, not politically correct.”At a media briefing on Monday, Massie dismissed a claim that the Minab school strike was a mistake caused by the fog of war, saying the US had months to prepare its unilateral attack on Iran. “There’s no fog of war on the first day,” he said.
1月，美国特种部队在突袭加拉加斯时绑架了委内瑞拉前总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗及其妻子西莉亚·弗洛雷斯，此前美国已对加勒比海和东太平洋涉嫌贩毒船只实施了数月空袭。未经国会批准绑架马杜罗，对委内瑞拉发动战争行为。以打击毒品为掩护，意图控制委内瑞拉石油。
In January, US special forces abducted former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, in a raid on Caracas after months of US strikes on alleged drug boats in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific. Committing an act of war against Venezuela without the approval of Congress by abducting Maduro. Using drug enforcement as cover for a bid to control Venezuela’s oil.
自2025年9月以来，在至少69次船只空袭中实施法外处决，造成至少243人死亡，主要发生在国际水域。
Carrying out the extrajudicial killings of at least 243 people in at least 69 boat strikes since September 2025, mostly in international waters.
拒绝给予不构成威胁的遇难目标投降机会，并对其再次实施打击。马西驳回了政府将突袭马杜罗描述为执法行动的说法。“这是为了绑架一国领导人，以便我们夺取他们的石油，”他说。
Denying quarter to shipwrecked targets who posed no threat and striking them again Massie dismissed the administration’s description of the raid on Maduro as a law enforcement operation. “It was to kidnap a foreign leader so we could take their oil,” he said.
关于2025年美国对也门胡塞武装的轰炸行动，赫格塞斯被指控：在未宣战、未获国会批准、也未遭受美国本土袭击的情况下发动行动，违反《战争权力决议》。即使特朗普直到空袭开始13天后才通知国会，仍强行推进。指挥的行动造成估计224名平民死亡。明知不存在迫在眉睫的威胁仍下令实施打击。
Regarding the US bombing campaign against Yemen’s Houthi group in 2025, Hegseth is accused of: Launching the campaign without a declaration of war, approval from Congress, or an attack on the US, in breach of the War Powers Resolution. Pressing ahead even though Trump did not notify Congress until 13 days after the strikes began. Directing an operation that killed an estimated 224 civilians. Ordering the strikes knowing there was no imminent threat.
文章引用了赫格塞斯与其他参与也门袭击规划和执行的特朗普政府高级官员之间泄露的Signal聊天记录。
The article cites a leaked Signal chat between Hegseth and other senior Trump administration officials involved in the planning and execution of the Yemen attack.
马西表示，聊天群里的每个人都同意，并不存在迫在眉睫的威胁，因此没有理由绕过国会。“这样做的后果就是平民被杀，”他说。赫格塞思如何回应？赫格塞思周二举行了一场新闻发布会，态度强硬。
Massie said everyone in the chat agreed there was no imminent threat that would justify bypassing Congress. “The consequence of that was civilians killed,” he said. How has Hegseth responded? Hegseth held a press conference on Tuesday where he struck a defiant tone.
“这是一场闹剧，是一场作秀，”他谈到弹劾动议时说，“而且所有人都知道。”他辩称自己主导的冲突都是“合法的军事行动”，并斥责马西试图以他所说的“政策分歧”为由弹劾他。
“It’s a farce, and it’s a stunt,” he said, referring to the impeachment motion. “And everybody knows it.”Arguing that the conflicts he oversaw were “lawful military operations”, he castigated Massie for trying to impeach him for what he called “policy disagreements”.
“解决政策分歧的正确途径是立法，”他说，“是辩论。是下一届总统选举。而不是把众议院和参议院的讲台交给民主党人，让他们对总统和战争部长进行一场作秀式的审判。”他为自己的过往记录以及美国在伊朗和拉丁美洲的军事行动辩护，同时警告说，惩罚他将成为起诉士兵“履行职责”的第一步。“如果他们想对付这些战士，就得先过我这关，”他说。
“The proper remedy for a policy disagreement is legislation,” he said. “It’s debate. It’s the next presidential election. It’s not handing the House and Senate floor to Democrats so they can run a show trial against the president and Secretary of War.”He defended his track record and the US campaigns in Iran and Latin America while warning that punishing him would be the first step in prosecuting soldiers for “doing their job”. “If they want to come after the warriors, they’re going to have to come through me,” he said.
他将自己的处境与特朗普首个任期内两次遭弹劾但均被宣告无罪相提并论，称总统“回来后更加强大”。
He compared his situation to Trump’s two impeachments and acquittals during his first term, saying that the president had “come back stronger”.
特朗普则表示，即使赫格塞思被弹劾，他也会支持赫格塞思，并称马西是“彻头彻尾的失败者”。弹劾有可能成功吗？
Trump, for his part, has said that he would stand by Hegseth even if he is impeached, calling Massie a “stone-cold loser”. Is impeachment likely to succeed?
共和党将控制众议院直到1月3日民主党接掌。如果大多数民主党人跟随其众议院领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯的立场——杰弗里斯称自己是“坚决赞成”——马西只需要少数几名共和党人的支持就能通过这项决议。
Republicans control the House until January 3, when Democrats take over. If most Democrats follow their House leader, Hakeem Jeffries who says he is a “hard yes”, Massie would only need a handful of Republicans to support the resolution.
定罪则是另一回事。即使众议院选择弹劾，共和党目前占据参议院100个席位中的53席，而民主党预计明年将拥有约54席，仍远达不到将赫格塞思免职所需的67票绝对多数。
Conviction is another story. Even if the House chooses to impeach, Republicans currently hold 53 of the Senate’s 100 seats, and Democrats, expected to have about 54 next year, would still fall far short of the 67 supermajority of votes needed to oust Hegseth from office.
即将在新一届国会就职后成为参议院多数党领袖的参议院民主党领袖查克·舒默表示，赫格塞思“必须在参议院接受审判”。与此同时，马西敦促特朗普先采取行动。
Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer, expected to become Senate majority leader once the new Congress is seated, has said that Hegseth “must stand trial before the Senate”. Massie, meanwhile, has urged Trump to act first.
他说：“特朗普总统现在就应该撤换赫格塞思部长，趁他还能够在参议院获得继任者的确认。”
“President Trump should replace Secretary Hegseth now while he can still get a replacement confirmed in the Senate,” he said.