这场抗议始于对破旧教室和教师短缺的不满，但法国的学生运动现在正在挑战政治建制，要求让年轻人在关于自身未来的决策中拥有更大的发言权。
It began as a protest over crumbling classrooms and missing teachers, but France's student movement is now challenging the political establishment to give young people more of a say in decisions about their future.
“我们的教室里有个巨大的窟窿，”19岁的玛丽安娜·热尔贝说，她在巴黎海伦·布歇高中就读二年级，主修文学预科——这是一种为学生准备进入法国最负盛名大学的入学考试的密集课程。
“There’s a massive hole in our classroom," says Marianne Gerbet, 19, who is in her second year of a literary – intensive programmes to prepare students for the entrance exams for France's most prestigious universities – at Hélène Boucher high school in Paris.
随着冬季临近，她担心学习将变得越来越困难。“当水滴落在试卷上时，你怎么能参加模拟考试呢？”她问道。
With winter approaching, she fears it will become increasingly difficult to study. "How are you supposed to sit a mock exam when water is falling on your paper?” she asks.
她说，在贫困的工人阶级社区，情况要糟糕得多，那里有“天花板坍塌，雨水从屋顶渗进来……老鼠在你脚边跑来跑去”。
The situation in poorer working-class neighbourhoods is far worse, she says, with “ceilings collapsing, rain coming through the roofs... rats running round your feet”.
就像过去几周法国数百所高中所发生的那样，玛丽安娜和她的同学们一直封锁校门，抗议学校破旧和教师短缺，以及抗议帕尔库苏普在线大学招生平台，他们认为该平台不公平且过于甄选。
As at hundreds of high schools across France in recent weeks, Marianne and her fellow students have been blockading entrances in protest at run-down schools and a shortage of teachers, and over the Parcoursup online university admissions platform, which they say is unfair and overly selective.
“这是一场团结的运动，”玛丽安娜说，她站在一条写着“Z世代，革命一代”的横幅旁边，而防暴警察——周二被派来解除封锁——允许少数几名学生进入学校。
"It's a movement of solidarity," Marianne said, standing by a banner reading “Gen Z, Generation Revolution”, as riot police – sent in on Tuesday to break the blockade – allowed a handful of students to enter the school.
“在学校门口有警察是不正常的，”16岁的玛雅说，她声称那天早上7点，在试图用绿色垃圾桶筑起路障后，被警察催泪瓦斯熏和追赶。
“It’s not normal to have police in front of a school,” says Maya, 16, who claims she was tear gassed and chased by police at 7am that morning, after trying to build barricades out of green rubbish bins.
法国律师将起诉内政部长，指控其对年轻抗议者造成“残害” 尽管有警察在场，并且错过了课程，抗议的学生们表示他们不会退让。
French lawyers to sue interior minister over 'mutilation' of young protesters Despite the police presence, and missing out on lessons, protesting students say they won't back down.
“这是一种牺牲，”热尔贝说。“他们告诉我们回到教室，但当我们不在合适的条件下，怎么能好好学习呢？”她承认，学生们将不得不补课，但在没有适当设施的情况下回到学校并不是解决办法。
“It’s a sacrifice,” Gerbet says. “We’re being told to go back to class, but how on earth are we supposed to study properly when we’re not in the right conditions?”Pupils will have to catch up, she admits, but returning to school without proper facilities is not the solution.
法国学生联合会（Unef）代表、22岁的艾丽丝·德布里托承认，抗议活动的核心存在“矛盾”。
There is “a contradiction” at the heart of the protests, acknowledges Alice de Brito, a 22-year-old representative of the National Union of Students of France (Unef).
“他们因为想要学习的权利，而损失了几周的教育，这真的很疯狂，”她指出，同时强调，如果没有封锁，教师短缺问题就不会如此明显。17岁的艾萨塔·巴认为，整个教育系统需要彻底改革。
“They’re losing weeks of education because they want to have the right to study, it’s really crazy,” she notes, while underlining that without the blockades it wouldn’t have become obvious that teacher shortages were so bad.
“这些封锁是集体精疲力竭的结果，”她说。“我们没有时间做任何事。我们早上8点到晚上6点都在学校，见到老师的时间比父母还多。”
For 17-year-old Aissata Ba, the whole education system needs overhauling.
16岁的丽贝卡·里昂-卡恩说，年轻一代整体上并没有太多可期待的东西。她自称来自富裕家庭，是个好学生。
“These blockades are the result of collective exhaustion,” she says. “We don’t have time to do anything. We’re at school from 8am to 6pm, we see our teachers more than our parents.”The younger generation as a whole doesn't have much to look forward to, says Rebecca Lyon-Caen, 16, who describes herself as a good student from a well-off family.
“住房短缺、就业短缺、人工智能的威胁，以及令人担忧的国际局势，”她说。“我们没有罢工权，也不能投票。我们真的觉得自己的声音一直被压制。这很令人沮丧，因为我们有话要说。”
“There’s a shortage of housing, jobs, the threat of AI and the international situation is worrying,” she says. “We don’t have the right to strike, and we can’t vote. We really feel that our voice is constantly being suppressed. It’s frustrating, because we have things to say.”This frustration is shared by de Brito, who has been taking part in discussions with government ministers in her role as a union representative.
德布里托也有同样的沮丧感，她以工会代表身份参与了与政府部长的讨论。
“We’re really tired of not being taken seriously because of our age,” she says. “We want the government to take young people seriously and to start seeing us for what we are: young adults, not children any more.”How Gen Z is taking the fight for their rights from TikTok to the streets Initially, the government response largely focused on the rioting and looting that broke out on the margins of the demonstrations of 17 October that were otherwise largely peaceful.
“我们真的很厌倦，因为年龄原因而不被认真对待，”她说。“我们希望政府认真对待年轻人，开始把我们看作我们本来的样子：年轻的成年人，不再是孩子。”Z世代如何将争取权利的斗争从TikTok带到街头最初，政府的回应主要集中在10月17日示威活动边缘爆发的骚乱和抢劫上，而这些示威活动本身大多是和平的。
But on 26 October, following another weekend of protests involving teachers and unions, the government announced a series of concessions.
但在10月26日，在另一个周末涉及教师和工会的抗议活动之后，政府宣布了一系列让步。
These measures include up to €4 billion in low-interest loans to renovate schools, some 3,000 fully qualified replacement teachers to fill staffing gaps, 15,000 additional places in higher education and a proposed limit of 28 pupils per class. The education ministry also pledged to phase out Parcoursup by 2028.
这些措施包括最高40亿欧元的低息贷款，用于翻新学校，约3000名完全合格的替代教师填补人员空缺，1.5万个高等教育额外名额，以及拟议的每班28名学生上限。教育部还承诺到2028年逐步取消Parcoursup。
“None of the decisions we make are empty promises,” Education Minister Edouard Geffray said. “Everything we say will be done and respected within specific time frames and with figures.”But with presidential elections coming up in April and May next year, Ba is not convinced the government will make good on its pledges.
“我们做出的决定都不是空头承诺，”教育部长爱德华·热弗雷说。“我们所说的一切都将在具体的时间框架内，并附有数字，予以实施和遵守。”但由于明年四月和五月即将举行总统选举，巴并不相信政府会兑现其承诺。
“Who can tell us that they will be maintained and put in place?” she asks, questioning whether the announcements are intended to bring lasting change or simply “calm the revolt”.
“谁能告诉我们，这些承诺会得到维持并付诸实施？”她问道，质疑这些宣布是旨在带来持久变革，还是仅仅为了“平息反抗”。
“We haven’t been heard,” she says, arguing that the 15,000 extra university places promised by the government fall far short of the 250,000 they are asking for.
“我们没有被听到，”她说，认为政府承诺的1.5万个额外大学名额远远低于他们要求的25万个。
“We’re not satisfied with these crumbs,” said 16-year-old Marguerite, adding that a few weeks of missed lessons was a “relatively small price" to pay in their fight for better school conditions.
“我们对这些施舍不满意，”16岁的玛格丽特说，并补充说，为了争取更好的学校条件，错过几周的课程是“相对较小的代价”。
As for Parcoursup, which student unions have contested since its inception in 2018, de Brito says the government’s proposed changes amount to smoke and mirrors.
至于学生工会自2018年创立以来就一直质疑的Parcoursup，德布里托表示，政府提出的改变不过是掩人耳目。
“They’ve agreed to stop it but they’re going to put in another website that does the same thing, with another name,” she says. “They think we’re idiots.”French teachers strike over 'unfair' classroom groups, lack of resources A spike in births in 2010 has led to a rise in the number of 16-year-olds now attending schools that have been underfunded for years, and where teacher numbers have not kept up with the number of students.
“他们同意停止它，但会推出另一个网站，做同样的事情，只是换个名字，”她说。“他们以为我们是傻瓜。”
The anger currently being expressed by students and teachers alike reflects years of neglect in the education system, says sociologist Fabien Truong.
法国教师因“不公平”的分班和资源不足而举行罢工。2010年出生率激增，导致现在上学的16岁学生人数增加，而这些学校多年来资金不足，教师人数也未能跟上学生人数的增长。
“It’s the underinvestment of the past 15 or 20 years that we are paying for today,” he told RFI. The consequences have become so serious, he argues, that the system is struggling simply to function.
社会学家法比安·特龙表示，目前学生和教师共同表达的愤怒，反映了教育系统多年来的忽视。
These protests should not be seen as those of a generation preoccupied only with its future, he noted.
“过去15年或20年的投资不足，我们今天正在为此付出代价，”他对RFI表示。他认为，后果已经严重到，系统甚至难以正常运转。他指出，这些抗议不应被视为一代人只关心自身未来的表现。
“It’s a feeling of anxiety about the present, even more than the future,” he said. “Pupils are fighting for schools that work now – with functioning buildings, teachers in classrooms and enough places in higher education.”The government insists it has heard the students’ concerns, but the dire state of France’s public finances means it cannot come up with the €10bn the student unions are demanding.
“这是一种对当下的焦虑，甚至超越了对未来的担忧，”他说。“学生们为现在就能运转的学校而战——有可用的建筑、课堂里的教师以及足够的高等教育学位。”政府坚称已听取了学生的关切，但法国公共财政状况严峻，无法拿出学生工会要求的100亿欧元。不过，德布里托表示，政府“想找调整办法时总能找到”。
However de Brito says the government "finds adjustments when it wants to".
她引用了2025年7月参议院调查委员会的一个例子，该委员会声称，高达2110亿欧元的减税和社保缴费减免已给予法国大型企业。
She cites the example of a July 2025 Senate commission enquiry which claimed up to €211bn had been handed to big French companies in reduced tax and social contributions.
她还指出，马克龙总统今年宣布了一项自愿军事服务计划，金额为23亿欧元——尽管这笔资金将在未来四年内分期拨付。
She also points to a voluntary military service plan announced by President Emmanuel Macron this year for the sum of €2.3bn – although the financing is spread out over the next four years.
尽管政府与学生之间的僵局仍在持续，德布里托表示也有积极的一面。迄今获得的让步表明，“如果他们继续[抗议和封锁]，就能获得更多”。而且他们已参与对话，她说这种对话“很久没有发生过了”。
While the stand-off between the government and students is ongoing, de Brito says there are positives. The concessions obtained so far show that “if they continue [protesting and blockading], they can obtain more”. And they've been part of the dialogue, which she says “hadn’t happened for a long time”.
对她来说，最大的满足来自各种背景的高中生和大学生团结在一起的方式。
The biggest source of satisfaction for her is the way high-school and university students of all backgrounds have come together.
巴黎最负盛名的中学之一亨利四世中学的学生告诉德布里托，他们抗议是因为不明白为什么贫困地区的学生应该被落下。“当你和郊区的高中生谈话时，他们谈论海外领地；当你和海外领地的人谈话时，他们谈论农村……每个人都在互相照顾，”她说。
Pupils at Henri-IV, one of the capital’s most prestigious secondary schools, told de Brito they were protesting because they did not understand why students in poorer areas should be left behind“When you talk to high school students in the suburbs they talk about overseas territories, when you talk to overseas territories they’re talking about rurality... everyone is looking after each other,” she says.
在克雷泰大学，学生们为因封锁而错过课程的高中生组织了辅导。德布里托就读于这所大学。
At the University of Créteil, where de Brito studies, students have organised tutoring for high school pupils who have missed lessons because of blockades.
她看到来自巴黎名校的学生带来笔记，分享给其他高中生，让他们能跟上进度。
She has seen students from prestigious schools in Paris bringing their notes, giving them to other high schoolers so they can keep up.
“这种团结是这些抗议活动带来的最好的事情，”她说，并希望这种团结能在抗议结束后长久持续。“我们共同建立起这一切，真是太好了。”
“That solidarity is the best thing I’ve seen come out of these protests,” she says, hoping it continues long after the protests end. “It’s great that we’ve built this collectively."