美国民众希望这场不受欢迎的、持续八个月的对伊朗战争结束，并通过在上周的国会选举中让唐纳德·特朗普总统的共和党人遭遇惨败表达了这一诉求。
The American public wants the unpopular eight-month-long war on Iran to end, and showed it by handing President Donald Trump's Republicans a resounding defeat in last week's congressional elections.
特朗普承认，对这场冲突的不满导致了他所在政党的失利，但他为战争辩护，既坚称自己已经赢得了战争，又表示战争将继续。国会不能单方面结束战争，但可以向总统施压，迫使其结束战争。
Trump acknowledged that unhappiness about the conflict contributed to his party's losses, but defends the war, both insisting that he has won it and saying it will continue. Congress cannot unilaterally end the war, but can pressure the president to do so.
以下是新一届国会议员可以推动结束战斗的一些方式。新一届国会定于1月3日宣誓就职。
Here are some ways lawmakers in the new Congress — which is scheduled to be sworn in on January 3 — can push to end the fighting.
根据美国宪法，国会决定联邦资金的支出方式。特朗普要求众议院和参议院批准大幅增加国防预算——从约9500亿美元增至1.5万亿美元，再加上额外的670亿美元用于战争。
Under the US Constitution, Congress decides how federal funds should be spent. Trump has asked the House of Representatives and Senate to approve a huge increase in the defense budget — from about $950 billion to $1.5 trillion, plus an additional $67 billion for the war.
民主党表示，明年不会批准如此庞大的预算。但他们也提议，在新一届国会就职之前就切断对战争的资金，暗示反战共和党人或担心赤字的财政鹰派可能会支持他们。
Democrats say they will not approve such a massive budget next year. But they also have proposed cutting off funding for the war even before the new Congress is seated, suggesting that anti-war Republicans or fiscal hawks concerned about the deficit might back them.
目前的政府资金法案将于12月11日到期，这意味着国会必须通过全年预算或短期支出计划，以避免在圣诞节前夕出现政府停摆，这将干扰旅行并使数千人失业。众议院共和党领导人表示，该党将坚定支持特朗普。
The current government funding bill expires on December 11, meaning Congress must pass a full-year budget or a short-term spending plan to avoid a shutdown right before Christmas, interfering with travel and putting thousands out of work. House Republican leaders say the party will hold firm behind Trump.
“共和党国会不会向一位共和党总统发送他会否决的法案，所以如果那是（民主党的）要求，好吧，我们就等到明年吧，”俄克拉荷马州众议员、众议院拨款委员会主席汤姆·科尔本周对记者说。
"A Republican Congress is not going to send bills to a Republican president that he's going to veto, so if that's their (the Democrats') demand, well, we'll just wait until next year," Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, who chairs the House Appropriations Committee, told reporters this week.
但一旦民主党控制国会，他们可以在预算法案中加入条款，禁止使用任何资金用于对伊朗的敌对行动。特朗普可以否决，但若要延长战争，他将再次冒着政府停摆的风险，甚至可能导致军队本身无法领取薪水。
But once the Democrats control Congress, they can include clauses in budget bills forbidding the use of any funds for hostilities against Iran. Trump could issue vetoes, but would again risk a government shutdown, and potentially no pay for the troops themselves, in order to prolong the war.
国会还可以在年度《国防授权法案》（NDAA）中拒绝为战争授权任何资金，该法案为五角大楼制定政策。由于《国防授权法案》自1961年以来每年都已通过，其失败将令两党都感到尴尬。
Congress can also refuse to authorize any funding for the war in the annual National Defense Authorization Act, or NDAA, which sets policy for the Pentagon. Since the NDAA has passed every year since 1961, its failure would be an embarrassment for both parties.
特朗普在2月28日与以色列一起发动战争之前，并未获得国会批准。民主党人连同少数几名共和党人多次投票，要求结束战斗，除非他寻求国会授权。
Trump did not secure approval from Congress before he launched the war alongside Israel on February 28, and Democrats, along with a few Republicans, have voted repeatedly to end the fighting unless he seeks congressional authorization.
其中一项战争权力决议已在众议院和参议院均获得通过，但特朗普政府无视了该决议，法律专家表示，关于该决议是否具有约束力，尚无共识。
One of these war powers resolutions passed both the House and Senate, but Trump's administration ignored it, and legal experts said there is no consensus on whether it was binding.
民主党人承诺将继续推动，并预计将对更多战争权力决议进行表决，一旦他们控制众议院和参议院，还将推出更多立法。
Democrats have vowed to keep pushing, and expect votes on more war powers resolutions, with more legislation promised once they control the House and Senate.
本月一项路透社/益普索民调显示，71%的美国人——包括93%的民主党人和51%的共和党人——希望国会通过立法结束这场冲突。
A Reuters/Ipsos poll this month showed 71% of Americans — including 93% of Democrats and 51% of Republicans — want Congress to pass legislation ending the conflict.
预计特朗普将否决任何停止战斗的措施。推翻否决需要两院三分之二的多数票，这意味着民主党需要共和党的支持才能克服特朗普的反对。
Trump is expected to veto any measure to stop the fighting. It takes two-thirds majorities in both chambers to override a veto, meaning Democrats would need Republican support to overcome Trump's objections.
然而，支持者表示，这样做值得一试，可以向特朗普和美国公众传递一个信息：许多国会议员希望战斗停止。
However, backers say it is worth trying, to send a message to Trump, and the American public, that many members of Congress want the fighting to stop.
他们还表示，如果战争拖延下去，情绪可能会发生变化，即使是在共和党人中也是如此。
They also say that sentiments might change, even among Republicans, if the war drags on.
由共和党众议员托马斯·马西主导、主要得到民主党支持、以包括未经国会批准发动对伊朗战争在内的指控弹劾国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯的努力本周失败。但民主党可能明年再次尝试，他们认为赫格塞斯是仅次于特朗普的战争最大责任人。
An effort led by Republican Representative Thomas Massie and backed mainly by Democrats to impeach Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth on charges including waging the Iran war without congressional approval failed this week. But Democrats may try again next year, viewing Hegseth as the individual most responsible for the war, after Trump.
一旦掌控国会委员会，民主党就可以举行听证会，对特朗普政府的战争战略、开支和执行情况展开调查。他们还将有权传唤证人出庭作证。
Once they are in charge of congressional committees, Democrats can hold hearings and launch investigations into the Trump administration's strategy, spending and conduct of the war. And they will have the power to issue subpoenas to compel testimony.
国会议员个人以及国会委员会中的民主党人已经开始向国务院和国防部发函，要求保存与战争决策相关的文件。
Individual members of Congress and Democrats on congressional committees have already been sending letters to the State and Defense departments asking for the preservation of documents associated with decision-making on the war.
如果政府拒绝配合此类调查，国会可以施加压力，例如扣留官员差旅预算，或者在参议院的情况下，拒绝确认特朗普的提名人选。
If the administration refuses to cooperate with such inquiries, Congress can apply pressure, such as by withholding funding for officials' travel budgets or, in the case of the Senate, by declining to confirm Trump's nominees.