参议员克里斯·范霍伦（民主党-马里兰州）正在牵头推动，从今年参众两院版本的《国防授权法案》中删除旨在促进美国国防工业基础与以色列建立更紧密联系的条款。
Sen. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., is leading a push to remove provisions from the Senate and House versions of this year’s National Defense Authorization Act that would promote closer ties between the U.S. industrial base and Israel’s.
范霍伦和其他11位参议院同僚周二致函众参两院领导层，签署人包括参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦（民主党-马萨诸塞州）、伯尼·桑德斯（无党派-佛蒙特州）和塔米·达克沃斯（民主党-伊利诺伊州）。信中专门针对参院版本第1217条和众院版本第219条。
A letter sent Tuesday to House and Senate leadership signed by Van Hollen and 11 other Senate colleagues, including Sens. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., and Tammy Duckworth, D-Ill., specifically addresses Section 1217 of the Senate version and Section 219 of the House version of the bill.
众院版将该条款称为“美以国防合作倡议”，参院版称为“美以升级技术、统一研究与加强安全框架法案”（FUTURES Act）。这两个条款均要求在武器技术开发方面加强两国合作，涉及人工智能、量子技术以及化学和生物武器等领域。
Those sections, called the United States-Israel Defense Cooperation Initiative in the House and the United States-Israel Framework for Upgraded Technologies, Unified Research, and Enhanced Security (FUTURES) Act in the Senate, each call for enhanced cooperation between the two countries on weapons technology development, including in artificial intelligence, quantum technology and chemical and biological weapons.
“参议员正与同僚合作，撤销这些条款，并将在其仍然存在时决定下一步行动，”范·霍伦办公室在给《军时报》的电子邮件中表示。“参议员将继续推动撤除这些条款，并推动保护美国独立行动的能力，使其符合美国国家安全利益。”
“The Senator is working with his colleagues to remove these provisions and will determine next steps should they remain in,” Van Hollen’s office said in an email to Military Times. “The Senator will continue to push to remove these provisions and push to protect the United States’ ability to act independently and in line with U.S. national security interests.”
该信还涉及《2027 财年情报授权法案》中的一项条款，提议加强两国之间的情报共享。根据法案文本，该条款旨在帮助以色列“保持其定性军事优势”，以及“威慑并对抗伊朗政府及伊朗对齐的国家和非国家行为体的破坏性活动，这些活动威胁以色列、美国部队和地区伙伴”。过去三年，美国政府对以色列的支持受到强烈审视。加沙卫生部称，加沙战争已导致至少74,000名巴勒斯坦人死亡；路透社/益普索最新民调显示，2 月 28 日美国和以色列对伊朗的攻击引发的战争在美国日益不受欢迎。
The letter also addresses a provision of the fiscal 2027 Intelligence Authorization Act that proposes enhancing intelligence-sharing between the two countries, which, according to the text of the bill, is intended to help Israel “maintain its qualitative military edge” and “deter and counter destabilizing activities by the Government of Iran and Iran-aligned state and nonstate actors that threaten Israel, United States forces, and regional partners.”The U.S. government’s support for Israel has come under intense scrutiny over the past three years. Israel’s war in Gaza has killed at least 74,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, and U.S. and Israeli attacks against Iran on Feb. 28 led to a war that’s increasingly unpopular in the United States, a new Reuters/Ipsos poll found.
总统唐纳德·特朗普承诺结束对以色列的直接军事援助，此前该援助是通过《谅解备忘录》提供的。现行备忘录将于 2028 年到期，提供数十亿美元融资，使以色列在为期十年的协议期间采购美国制造的武器。
President Donald Trump promised to end outright military aid to Israel, which has previously come via a Memorandum of Understanding. The current MOU is set to expire in 2028 and provides billions in financing for Israel to procure U.S.-made weapons over the 10-year agreement.
包括范·霍伦在内的批评者指出，现行的年度国防法案仅是将军事供应从援助模式转变为商业伙伴关系，这一次由五角大楼而非国务院监管。
Critics, including Van Hollen, have noted that the annual defense bills, as they stand, merely shift military provision from an aid model to a commercial partnership, this time overseen by the Pentagon rather than the State Department.
草案提出的新模式“将限制政府独立决定如何最好地保护美国国家安全的能力，尽管我们对以色列政府在加沙、约旦河西岸和该地区其他地方的行动有严重担忧，但仍将锁定长期承诺”，信中写道。
The new model, as proposed in the draft legislation, “would constrain the administration’s ability to independently determine how best to protect U.S. national security and would lock in long-term commitments despite our serious concerns with the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza, the West Bank, and other parts of the region,” the letter states.
美国和以色列已经在一些国防技术上开展合作；以色列承包商拉斐尔系统公司和雷神公司共同开发了“投石索”导弹拦截系统。但批评人士说，拟议的安排将减少对武器转让体系的监督；可能危及敏感的美国武器技术；且不会给美国带来多少利益。
The U.S. and Israel already cooperate on some defense technology; Israeli contractor Rafael Systems and Raytheon developed the David’s Sling missile interceptor system. But critics say that the proposed setup would decrease oversight of the weapons transfer system; could compromise sensitive U.S. weapons technology; and wouldn’t provide much benefit for the United States.
《国防授权法案》是国会的“必通过”法案之一，但仅价格标签——超过1万亿美元——就引起了民主党人的强烈抵制。众议院版本于7月以微弱优势通过，参议院民主党人在同一个月阻挠了该院版本，反对其中关于对伊朗开战的条款。
The NDAA is one of Congress’s “must-pass” bills, but the price tag alone — more than $1 trillion — has drawn significant pushback from Democrats. The House’s version narrowly passed in July, and Senate Democrats blocked that chamber’s version the same month, objecting to provisions for the Iran war.
在众议院，众议员罗·卡纳（民主党-加利福尼亚州）曾试图在委员会辩论法案时通过一项修正案，删除美以国防合作倡议，但未成功。众议员托马斯·马西（共和党-肯塔基州）也是一位直言不讳的反对者。
In the House, Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., tried unsuccessfully to pass an amendment striking the United States-Israel Defense Cooperation Initiative when the bill was being debated in committee. Rep. Thomas Massie, R-Ky., was also a vocal opponent.