两党对以色列的支持出现裂痕，双方均推动新的限制措施。副总统万斯是呼吁改变的共和党人之一。许多民主党议员一直在推动限制对以军事援助的行动。
Bipartisan Support for Israel Erodes as Both Sides Push for New Limits Vice President JD Vance is among Republicans calling for change. Many Democratic lawmakers have been driving a campaign to restrict military aid to Israel.
副总统万斯上周关于以色列的表态，其直率程度不亚于民主党政客的任何言论。
Vice President JD Vance’s message on Israel last week was as blunt as anything coming from Democratic politicians.
万斯周三写道，共和党要想在中期选举惨败后赢得选举，必须结束特朗普总统和以色列发动的对伊朗战争，并“改变我们与以色列的关系”。作为一名考虑在2028年竞选总统的共和党领军人物，他对美国对以政策发起了非同寻常的猛烈抨击。数十年来，该政策给予以色列强有力的军事、外交和经济支持。
For Republicans to win elections after the midterm wipeout, Mr. Vance wrote on Wednesday, they must end the war against Iran, which President Trump and Israel started, and also “change our relationship with Israel.”Coming from a leading Republican who is considering a presidential run in 2028, it was an extraordinary volley against U.S. policy on Israel, which over decades has received robust military, diplomatic and economic support.
这种支持长期以来一直是美国外交政策的两党支柱。但近年来这种支持已出现侵蚀，首先是民主党人因以色列在加沙的战争以及对约旦河西岸被占领土上巴勒斯坦人的待遇而感到愤怒，最近则是一些共和党人指责以色列政府怂恿特朗普发动伊朗战争。
That backing had long been a bipartisan pillar of U.S. foreign policy. But it has eroded in recent years, first among Democrats angry about Israel’s war in Gaza and the treatment of Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, and more recently among some Republicans who blame Israel’s government for encouraging Mr. Trump to launch the war in Iran.
这场战争导致汽油价格飙升、通胀加剧。特朗普的许多支持者也将其视为对其承诺避免“永久战争”的背叛。以色列在华盛顿的许多政客中仍拥有强大支持，其中包括纽约州参议员、参议院民主党领袖舒默。他们认为，美国必须继续其传统立场，支持这个几十年来遭武装团体袭击的民主犹太国家，其强大的军队也是伙伴力量。
The war has led to soaring gas prices and higher inflation. Many of Mr. Trump’s supporters also view it as a betrayal of his pledge to avoid “forever wars.”Israel still has strong support among many politicians in Washington, including Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the top Democrat in the Senate. They argue that the United States must continue its traditional backing for a democratic, Jewish nation that has been attacked by armed groups for decades and whose powerful military serves as a partner force.
国务卿鲁比奥周五和周日分别发表讲话，强力捍卫美以对伊朗战争。他在周日飞往巴黎前表示：“总统当选是为了做困难的事，有时是艰难的事，但也是必要的事。”
In separate remarks on Friday and on Sunday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio strongly defended the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran war. “Presidents are elected to do the hard things, sometimes difficult things, but necessary things,” he said before flying to Paris on Sunday.
关于美国政策的辩论因对一些对以色列持批评立场的保守派和自由派政治人物的反犹太主义指控而变得复杂。但许多著名的美国政客将中期选举结果解读为选民授权重新思考美以关系。
The debate over U.S. policy has been complicated by accusations of antisemitism against some conservative and liberal political figures who take a critical stand on Israel. But many prominent American politicians are interpreting the midterm election results as a mandate from voters to rethink the U.S.-Israel relationship.
马里兰州民主党参议员克里斯·范霍伦在接受采访时表示，他在新一届国会的首要任务是“结束美国纳税人对以色列政府的‘空白支票’式支持”。9月，除一名参议员外，所有参议院民主党人都投票支持范霍伦发起的一项法案，该法案将要求国务院就以色列在约旦河西岸的暴力行为（包括导致巴勒斯坦裔美国人死亡的事件）出具一份人权报告。该努力失败了，但这表明许多民主党政客已准备好推动对以色列实施制裁。
Senator Chris Van Hollen, Democrat of Maryland, said in an interview that his top priority in the new Congress would be to “end the ‘blank check’ of American taxpayer support for the government of Israel.”In September, all but one Senate Democrat voted for a bill Mr. Van Hollen had sponsored that would require the State Department to produce a human rights report on violence by Israel in the West Bank, including in the deaths of Palestinian Americans. The effort failed, but it was a sign that many Democratic politicians were ready to pursue sanctions against Israel.
“这是美以巴关系的一个变革时刻，”前国务院政治任命官员、曾从事巴勒斯坦事务、现为布鲁金斯学会和查塔姆研究院研究员的哈迪·阿姆尔说。
“This is a transformative moment in the U.S.-Israel-Palestine relationship,” said Hady Amr, a former State Department political appointee who worked on Palestinian issues and is a fellow at the Brookings Institution and Chatham House.
“美以关系将发生巨大变化，”他说，“它将变成一种更加正常的关系，普通美国人将像评估任何其他国家的行为一样来评估以色列的行为。” 即使是特朗普先生，他已批准向以色列提供大型武器装备包，似乎也察觉到了这种变化。
“The U.S.-Israel relationship is going to be dramatically different,” he said, “and it’s going to be a much more normal relationship where ordinary Americans assess Israel’s behavior in the way that they assess the behavior of any other country. ” Even Mr. Trump, who has approved large arms packages to Israel, appears to sense the change.
在一个令人惊讶的选举日宣布中，总统告诉福克斯新闻，他计划在今年年底前切断对以色列的大部分军事援助。他说，这将从批评援助的“疯子”手中夺走一个“坏话题”。
In a surprising Election-Day announcement, the president told Fox News that he planned to cut off most military aid to Israel before the end of this year. That would remove a “bad talking point” from “lunatics” critical of aid, he said.
目前尚不清楚特朗普先生是否打算兑现承诺，还是说他只是为了向批评以色列的选民发出最后时刻的信号。他依然支持正在审议的立法，该立法将把其他对以军事援助写入法典，并且他可以否决国会任何施加限制的措施。
It is unclear whether Mr. Trump intends to follow through, or whether he was speaking merely to send a last-minute signal to voters critical of Israel. He still supports pending legislation enshrining other military support for Israel, and he could veto any congressional measures imposing limits.
一项奥巴马时代的协议将于2028年到期，该协议承诺每年向以色列提供33亿美元财政援助，以色列随后用这些资金购买美国武器，并额外提供5亿美元用于导弹防御。
An Obama-era agreement that expires in 2028 promises Israel each year $3.3 billion in financial aid that the country then uses to buy U.S. arms, and an additional $500 million for missile defense.
直到最近，在华盛顿，终止对以色列军事援助的想法几乎闻所未闻。但以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡本人曾表示，其国家应逐步走向“军备独立”。他提到这是一个为期十年的进程。特朗普先生设定的几个月的短时间框架让以色列官员感到震惊。
Until recently, the notion of ending U.S. military aid to Israel was almost unheard-of in Washington. But Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has himself said his country should gradually move toward “armaments independence.”He has spoken of a decade-long process. Mr. Trump’s short time frame of a few months shocked Israeli officials.
2023年10月哈马斯袭击以色列、造成约1200人死亡后，美国在国会批准下向该国激增额外军事援助。加上常规年度拨款，根据布朗大学的一项研究，从2023年10月到2025年9月，美国对以军事援助总额近220亿美元。
After Hamas attacked Israel in October 2023, killing about 1,200 people, the United States surged additional military aid to the country with congressional approval. With the regular annual allotment, total U.S. military aid was nearly $22 billion from October 2023 to September 2025, according to a Brown University study.
以色列以美国制造的炸弹和导弹猛烈轰炸加沙，作为对哈马斯袭击的回应，造成数万巴勒斯坦人死亡，并将巴勒斯坦领土的大部分地区夷为平地。
Israel responded to the Hamas attacks by pummeling Gaza with American-made bombs and missiles, killing tens of thousands of Palestinians and reducing much of the Palestinian territory to rubble.
在此期间，许多民主党议员和一些共和党议员敦促拜登和特朗普政府结束或限制对以色列的军事支持。但两届政府都继续推动加快向以色列提供武器装备——并绕过了国会批准。
Over that period, many Democratic lawmakers and some Republicans pressed the Biden and Trump administrations to end or limit military support for Israel. But both administrations continued to push through expedited arms packages to Israel — and bypassed congressional approval.
现在，随着民主党准备控制国会两院，他们正计划采取新行动，以结束或限制对以色列的援助。
Now, Democrats are planning new efforts to end or restrict aid to Israel as they prepare to control both houses of Congress.
一些民主党人，包括成功连任的犹太裔美国参议员乔恩·奥索夫，已投票支持禁止向以色列出售某些武器。还有几位即将上任的民主党人希望走得更远。密歇根州的阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德是首位当选参议员的穆斯林，他在周三告诉美国国家公共电台，他同意特朗普关于终止对以色列援助的呼吁。
Some Democrats, including Jon Ossoff, a Jewish American senator who won re-election, have voted for banning certain arms sales to Israel. And several incoming Democrats want to go further. Abdul El-Sayed of Michigan, the first Muslim elected to the Senate, told National Public Radio on Wednesday that he agreed with Mr. Trump’s call for ending aid to Israel.
“我也希望看到我们停止向以色列出售被用于实施最恶劣行为（包括种族灭绝和种族隔离）的武器，”他说。一个游说团体——美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）的超级政治行动委员会，在密歇根州参议员民主党初选中花费了3200万美元，试图击败埃尔-赛义德，但未能成功。
“I’d also like to see us stop selling weaponry that gets used to do the worst things, including genocide and apartheid, to Israel,” he said. The super PAC of a lobbying group, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, or AIPAC, spent $32 million in Michigan’s Senate Democratic primary in a failed effort to defeat Mr. El-Sayed.
至少一位前总统约瑟夫·R·拜登 Jr. 的高级助手，因其以色列-加沙政策受到许多自由派人士批评，正在推动一种新方法。
At least one former top aide to President Joseph R. Biden Jr., criticized by many liberals for his Israel-Gaza policy, is pushing for a new approach.
曾在拜登白宫担任首席副国家安全顾问的乔恩·费纳公开表示，民主党应利用美国援助作为杠杆，以改变以色列的行为。
Jon Finer, principal deputy national security adviser in the Biden White House, publicly says that Democrats should use American aid as leverage to change Israel’s behavior.
费纳上个月在《纽约时报》的一篇评论文章中写道，这可能包括对武器销售附加条件；结束美国否决批评以色列的联合国决议的做法；以及对支持约旦河西岸以色列定居点的个人和团体实施金融制裁和旅行禁令。
That could include placing conditions on arms sales; ending the U.S. practice of vetoing United Nations resolutions critical of Israeli; and imposing financial sanctions and travel bans on individuals and groups that support Israeli settlements in the West Bank, Mr. Finer wrote in a New York Times opinion essay last month.
但在一本新书中，拜登的首席中东事务顾问布雷特·麦格克写道，美国和以色列之间的公开争端可能危及它们的共同利益。麦格克断言，拜登与内塔尼亚胡就以色列在加沙战争中的行为出现公开分歧迹象，导致哈马斯在释放以色列人质的谈判中强硬了立场。
But in a new book, Brett McGurk, Mr. Biden’s top Middle East adviser, wrote that public disputes between the United States and Israel could jeopardize their common interests. Mr. McGurk asserted that public signs of discord between Mr. Biden and Mr. Netanyahu over Israel’s conduct of the war in Gaza had led Hamas to harden its negotiating position on the release of Israeli hostages.
以色列驻联合国大使丹尼·达农周三在接受以色列电视频道采访时承认，政治环境更加困难。
Danny Danon, Israel’s ambassador to the United Nations, acknowledged in an interview Wednesday with an Israeli TV channel that the political environment was more difficult.
“我们必须关注这些声音——顺便说一句，不仅在民主党内，在共和党内也有——真正指责以色列、批评以色列的声音，”他说。“这会让我们更难办，但我们在对立阵营也有朋友。”
“We have to pay attention to the voices — by the way not only in the Democratic Party, also in the Republican Party — real voices that are blaming Israel and criticizing Israel,” he said. “It will be harder for us, but we also have friends across the aisle.”
他说，批评者是“少数派中的喧哗者”，其中包括“不在乎事实的激进分子”。在共和党方面，争论的焦点较少关注巴勒斯坦人的福祉，更多关注美国是否会因以色列而被卷入代价高昂的中东战争。
He said the critics were a “vocal minority” that included “radicals who don’t care about the facts.”On the Republican side, the arguments focus less on the well-being of Palestinians and more on whether the United States is pulled into costly Middle East wars because of Israel.
“实际上，我怀疑这场辩论最终将集中在未来对伊朗战争的走向上，”斯汀森中心美国外交政策高级研究员埃玛·阿什福德说。
“In practice, I suspect this debate will actually center on the future of the war in Iran going forward,” said Emma Ashford, a senior fellow on U.S. foreign policy at the Stimson Center.
至于对以色列的军事援助，她说，即使特朗普终止该援助，美国总统支持的拟议立法也可能削弱这一影响。美国年度国防拨款法案的众议院版本将导致美以军方和情报机构合作得更加紧密。（范霍伦表示，他将致力于在任何最终法案通过前剔除此类条款。）保守派克制派誓言将继续向特朗普和其他共和党人施压。该派别拥有拥护者众多的拥趸，其中包括以色列批评者、被指控为反犹太主义者的塔克·卡尔森，他否认该指控。该运动中的一些人表示，尽管万斯效忠特朗普的外交政策，他们仍对他抱有信心。
As for arms aid to Israel, even if Mr. Trump ends that, proposed legislation that the American president supports could blunt the impact, she said. The House version of an annual U.S. defense funding bill would lead to the American and Israeli militaries and intelligence agencies working even more closely together. (Mr. Van Hollen said he would work to strip out such provisions before any final bill.) The conservative restraint crowd has vowed to continue to pressure Mr. Trump and other Republicans. It has champions with devoted followings, including Tucker Carlson, a critic of Israel who has been accused of being antisemitic, which he denies. Some in the movement say they still have faith in Mr. Vance, despite his allegiance to Mr. Trump’s foreign policy.
“这个国家的未来是我们彻底改革与以色列的关系，”主张反干预主义和本土主义政策的《美国保守派》杂志执行总监柯特·米尔斯说。“我认为我们不应该向他们出售武器。我们应该反对情报共享。”他说，特朗普拥抱一些以色列领导人长期视为其“圣杯般的外交政策目标”——对伊朗开战——背叛了他的选民。
“The future of the country is one where we drastically reform the relationship with Israel,” said Curt Mills, executive director of The American Conservative magazine, which advocates anti-interventionist and nativist policies. “I don’t think we should sell them arms. We should oppose intelligence sharing.”He said that Mr. Trump, by embracing what some Israeli leaders have long sought as their “holy grail foreign policy item” — the Iran war — had betrayed his voters.
迈克尔·克劳利为《纽约时报》报道国务院和美国外交政策。他曾在近三十个国家采访报道，并经常随国务卿出访。
Michael Crowley covers the State Department and U.S. foreign policy for The Times. He has reported from nearly three dozen countries and often travels with the secretary of state.