杜穆阿·阿尔-拜坦坐在贝鲁特巴勒斯坦难民营布尔杰·巴拉杰内一栋建筑的屋顶上，夕阳西下。和黎巴嫩的许多巴勒斯坦难民一样，阿尔-拜坦出生并在这个难民营长大。
– Doumoua al-Baitan sat on the roof of a building in Beirut’s Palestinian refugee camp of Bourj el-Barajneh as the sun set. Like many Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, al-Baitan was born and raised in this camp.
几十年来，黎巴嫩的巴勒斯坦人一直得到联合国专门负责巴勒斯坦难民事务的机构——近东救济工程处（UNRWA）的资助。但资金削减阻碍了近东救济工程处提供关键援助的能力，特别是自2025年2月特朗普政府决定维持上一年实施的美国资金冻结以来。
For decades, Palestinians in Lebanon have been supported by the UN branch focused on Palestinian refugees, UNRWA. But funding cuts have impeded UNRWA’s ability to provide crucial aid, particularly since the Trump administration’s decision in February 2025 to maintain a US funding freeze imposed the previous year.
在资金削减和资金短缺的双重打击下，近东救济工程处不得不关闭或缩短黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦难民营内学校、医疗中心和诊所的运营时间。
Between the funding cuts and funding shortfalls, UNRWA has had to close down or reduce hours of schools, healthcare centres, and clinics in Lebanon’s Palestinian refugee camps.
巴勒斯坦人告诉半岛电视台，除了可供就业的机会减少、医疗支持减弱外，孩子们被挤在拥挤不堪的教室里，非法毒品的使用和贩卖也变得更加猖獗。
Palestinians told Al Jazeera that in addition to there being less work to go around and less medical support, children are being crammed into overcrowded classrooms, and the use and sale of illegal drugs has become more prevalent.
阿尔-拜坦说：“我的孩子们无法记住课堂上教的内容。”她归因于拥挤。这位有四个孩子的离异母亲表示，她已经开始每月支付200美元——与她的月房租金额相同——让两个孩子参加课后辅导班。
“My kids cannot retain what they are taught in class,” al-Baitan said, citing overcrowding. The divorced mother of four said she has started paying $200 per month – the same price as her monthly rent – for two of her children to attend after-school lessons.
资金短缺 自1950年以来，近东救济工程处一直在中东地区资助巴勒斯坦难民。黎巴嫩有12个巴勒斯坦难民营，该国约23万巴勒斯坦人中的很大一部分生活在这些难民营里。
Funding shortfalls Since 1950, UNRWA has supported Palestinian refugees across the Middle East. Lebanon has 12 Palestinian refugee camps, where a large proportion of the country’s approximately 230,000 Palestinians live.
近东救济工程处在难民营的职责包括提供教育、医疗、救济和社会服务、难民营基础设施建设与改善、小额信贷以及紧急援助。巴勒斯坦人最初在1948年“大灾难”（Nakba）期间成为黎巴嫩的难民，当时犹太复国主义武力建立以色列国，致使75万巴勒斯坦人沦为难民。
UNRWA’s role in the camps includes providing education, healthcare, relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, microfinance, and emergency assistance. Palestinians first became refugees in Lebanon during the 1948 Nakba, when Zionist forces established the state of Israel after turning 750,000 Palestinians into refugees.
今天，黎巴嫩的大多数巴勒斯坦人实际上处于无国籍状态，且不拥有黎巴嫩国籍。因此，他们实际上被禁止在黎巴嫩从事包括医学、法律、工程和药学在内的多个职业，这使得该群体成为黎巴嫩最脆弱的群体之一。而随着联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处（UNRWA）面临严重资金短缺，这种脆弱性进一步加剧。
Today, the majority of Palestinians in Lebanon are de facto stateless and do not have Lebanese citizenship. As a result, they are effectively banned from a number of professions in Lebanon, including medicine, law, engineering, and pharmacy, which has meant the community is one of the most vulnerable in Lebanon. And that vulnerability has only increased as UNRWA faces a severe funding shortfall.
UNRWA发言人法迪·塔亚尔10月告诉半岛电视台，该机构2026年还需要约7000万至8000万美元，迫使他们自2月以来将服务工作时间削减了20%。
UNRWA spokesperson Fadi al-Tayyar told Al Jazeera in October that his agency needed around $70m to $80m more for 2026, forcing them to reduce service working hours by 20 percent since February.
许多学校被迫将2026-27学年的上课周从五天缩减至四天。超过3.5万名学生分布在58所学校中，特里波利北部贝达维难民营另有15间增设教室。
Many schools have been forced to reduce the school week from five to four days for the 2026-27 academic year. More than 35,000 pupils are in 58 schools, with 15 additional classrooms in the northern Beddawi camp, in Tripoli.
布尔杰·巴拉杰内难民营的居民表示，营内大多数学校已关闭，现在学生被挤进每间40人或以上的教室里。
Residents in Bourj el-Barajneh said that most of the schools in the camp had been shut down and that now students were being crammed into classrooms of 40 or more students at a time.
据支持包括巴勒斯坦难民在内的黎巴嫩弱势群体的非营利组织贾夫拉基金会发布的一份月报称，资金短缺“威胁着UNRWA提供的教育、医疗、水和卫生服务，并加剧了其五个运作区——加沙地带、约旦河西岸（含东耶路撒冷）、约旦、黎巴嫩和叙利亚——数百万巴勒斯坦难民所承受的压力”。
According to a monthly report released by the Jafra Foundation, a nonprofit that supports vulnerable communities in Lebanon including Palestinian refugees, the funding shortfall “threatens the education, healthcare, water, and sanitation services provided by UNRWA and exacerbates the pressures on millions of Palestinian refugees in its five areas of operation: the Gaza Strip, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem), Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria”.
经济困境 UNRWA 2026年6月的紧急情况报告发现，在26个初级卫生保健中心和诊所中，仅有15个仍在运营。另有11个已关闭。
Economic troubles UNRWA’s June 2026 emergency report found that out of 26 primary healthcare centres and clinics, only 15 were operational. Eleven had shut down.
虽然这种不稳定性对黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦社区整体产生了影响，但一些难民还面临叠加的困难。有3000至5000名巴勒斯坦难民处于无证件状态。
While the precarity has had an impact on the Palestinian community in Lebanon at large, some refugees also suffer from compounding difficulties. There are between 3,000 and 5,000 Palestinian refugees who are undocumented.
据估计，还有约1.9万名来自叙利亚的巴勒斯坦难民生活在黎巴嫩，其中许多人是在叙利亚13年战争期间逃离黎巴嫩的东部邻国的。然而，黎巴嫩在2024年5月的一项政策变化，暂停了许多来自叙利亚的巴勒斯坦人的居留许可续签，导致他们面临更高的被拘留风险，寻找合法就业、登记入学或办理民事事务的难度也随之增加。
There are also an estimated 19,000 Palestinian refugees from Syria living in Lebanon, many of whom fled Lebanon’s eastern neighbour during the country’s 13-year war. A policy change in Lebanon in May 2024, however, halted residency renewals for many Palestinians from Syria, leading to increased exposure to detention, more difficulty in finding legal employment, and registering for education or civil issues.
当地人和专家还表示，资金短缺导致难民营内与毒品和暴力相关的问题激增。
Locals and experts also said the funding shortcomings have led to a proliferation of issues related to drugs and violence in the camps.
“经济形势非常疲软，没有工作，”贝鲁特贾夫拉基金会的安全官员法迪·阿布·哈拉瓦对半岛电视台表示。他补充说，贾夫拉基金会的月度报告显示，难民营内的犯罪、吸毒和贩毒行为有所增加。“当然，这一切100%都是由于经济原因，”他说。
“There is a very tired economic situation and there is no work,” Fadi Abu Halawa, the security officer at the Jafra Foundation in Beirut, told Al Jazeera. He added that Jafra’s monthly report showed an increase in crime and drug use and distribution in the camps. “Of course, all of this is 100 percent due to the economy,” he said.
南部难民营 针对资金削减、缺乏工作和服务质量低下，难民营居民通过组织静坐示威来回应。贝鲁特最大的难民营之一——夏蒂拉难民营，已定于周五举行一场静坐。
Southern camps People in the camps have responded to the funding cuts, lack of work, and subpar services by organising sit-ins. Shatila camp, one of the largest in Beirut, has organised one for Friday.
贾夫拉基金会10月的报告称：“近期近东救济工程处分发面包和面粉，在难民营的巴勒斯坦难民中引发了广泛不满。他们认为，给每个家庭分配一袋5公斤的面粉无法满足家庭需求，尤其是大家庭，也无法弥补他们赖以生存的服务和援助的减少。” 以色列对黎巴嫩的战争也对难民营产生了影响。黎巴嫩有五个难民营位于南部，面临流离失所和袭击。
“The recent distribution of bread and flour by UNRWA has sparked widespread dissatisfaction among Palestinian refugees in the camps,” Jafra’s October report says. “They considered that allocating a 5-kilogram bag of flour to each family does not meet the needs of households, especially large ones, and does not compensate for the reduction in services and aid on which they depend.”Israel’s war on Lebanon has also had an impact on the camps. Five of Lebanon’s camps are located in southern Lebanon and have faced displacement and attacks.
以色列2月在黎巴嫩各地的袭击造成12人死亡，其中包括南部城市西顿的艾因·希尔维难民营——黎巴嫩最大的巴勒斯坦难民营——的2人。三个月前，以色列在该拥挤难民营的袭击中造成至少13人死亡，其中包括11名正在踢足球的儿童。
Israel killed 12 people in attacks across Lebanon in February, including two in Ein el-Hilweh, Lebanon’s biggest Palestinian camp, located in the southern city of Sidon. Three months before that, it had killed at least 13 people, including 11 children, who were playing football in the dense camp.
《Jafra》报告称，这些营地“一直处于安全不稳定的状态，近期以色列在黎巴嫩南部军事行动升级，人们担心这些行动正在逼近营地，可能导致难民家庭出现新一轮流离失所”。
The Jafra report from October says the camps “have been witnessing a state of security instability with the recent Israeli escalation in military operations in southern Lebanon, amid fears that these operations are approaching the camps, which may lead to a new wave of displacement of refugee families”.