SpaceX 将在第十五次飞行中首次尝试在陆地回收“星舰”飞船 记者 Joey Roulette 德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔 11 月 13 日电 —— SpaceX 计划于周五进行的最新一轮“星舰”飞行将包括首次尝试在其德克萨斯州发射场捕获飞船，而非将其丢弃在海中，这是埃隆·马斯克打造完全可复用火箭系统的一项关键测试。
SpaceX to attempt first Starship spacecraft recovery on land in 15th flight By Joey Roulette BROWNSVILLE, Texas, Nov 13 - SpaceX's latest Starship flight planned for Friday will include its first attempt to catch the spacecraft at its Texas launch site rather than discarding it in the ocean, a key test of Elon Musk’s bid to make a fully reusable rocket system.
这枚高 407 英尺（124 米）的“星舰”火箭定于美国中部时间下午 4 点 45 分（格林威治时间 22 点 45 分）从 SpaceX 位于德克萨斯州南部的“星港”发射设施升空，这是自 2023 年以来的第十五次飞行，也是第二次搭载一批正式运营的“星链”卫星。这使得该任务既是其卫星互联网业务的创收举措，也是对这枚仍在研发中的火箭的一场高风险测试。
The 407-foot-tall (124 m) Starship rocket is scheduled to launch at 4:45 p.m. CT (2245 GMT) from SpaceX's Starbase launch facilities in South Texas for its 15th flight since 2023 and the second to carry a batch of operational Starlink satellites. That makes the mission both a revenue-generating endeavor for its satellite connectivity business and a high-stakes test for a rocket still in development.
截至周五上午，SpaceX 尚未收到美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）颁发的发射许可证。FAA 通常会在以往“星舰”发射前一天颁发许可证，但未立即回应置评请求。
SpaceX as of Friday morning had not received a launch license from the US Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA, which has typically issued licenses a day prior to past Starship launches, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
马斯克旗下的航天与人工智能巨头视新一代“星舰”火箭为扩展“星链”网络、部署更多卫星的关键，未来还将部署名为“星智”（Starmind）的大规模 AI 数据处理卫星集群，随着公司日益将自己定位为基础设施巨头，这一点愈发重要。
Musk's space and AI colossus views the next-generation Starship rocket as crucial to expanding its Starlink network with more satellites and, in the future, deploying a vast swarm of AI data-processing satellites called Starmind, as the company increasingly positions itself as an infrastructure giant.
SpaceX 上一次发射“星舰”是在 9 月，尽管飞行途中部分发动机关机，但仍首次将火箭及其搭载的卫星送入轨道。那次任务原计划持续 10 小时，约 3 小时后以完好溅落太平洋告终。
SpaceX last launched Starship in September, taking the rocket and its satellites to orbit for the first time despite some engines shutting down mid-flight. That mission, planned to last 10 hours, ended after roughly 3 hours with an intact splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.
对于周五的任务，公司预计将把“星舰”的“超重型”助推器和它发射入太空的“星舰”上级均带回德克萨斯州。上级——火箭的顶部、作为飞船的部分——将在发射约 22 小时后返回。SpaceX 表示，如果一切按计划进行，这将是“让‘星舰’成为一枚可靠、快速可复用火箭的突破性时刻”。
For Friday's mission, the company expects to return to Texas both Starship's Super Heavy booster and the Starship upper stage it launches to space. The upper stage - the top half of the rocket that serves as the spacecraft - will return some 22 hours after launch. SpaceX has said it would be a "breakthrough moment in making Starship a reliable, rapidly reusable rocket" if all goes as planned.
为“星舰”让路 SpaceX已三次将高236英尺的“超重型”助推器送回发射台，在发射约10分钟后垂直落回固定在发射塔上的大型机械臂中。最近一次此类“发射塔捕获”发生在2025年3月。
MAKING WAY FOR STARSHIP SpaceX has returned the 236-foot tall Super Heavy booster three times to its launchpad after sending Starship to space, falling back vertically into large mechanical arms fixed to its launch tower some 10 minutes after launch. The last such "tower catch" was in March 2025.
对于第15次任务，SpaceX需要将“超重型”助推器从发射台移开，为“星舰”让路。“星舰”预计在绕地球飞行14圈后从太空返回。这为首次“星舰”捕获奠定了基础，预计将于周六美国中部时间下午2:45（格林威治标准时间20:45）左右进行。
For the 15th mission, SpaceX will need to move the Super Heavy booster off the launchpad to make way for Starship, which is expected to fall from space after completing 14 orbits around Earth. That sets up the debut Starship catch to occur around 2:45 p.m. CT (2045 GMT) on Saturday.
马斯克表示，他预计到2027年上半年将进入“星舰”每周一次的发射节奏，而SpaceX称最早可能于2026年底从佛罗里达州的一个新发射台发射“星舰”。
Musk has said he expects to enter a weekly cadence of Starship launches by the first half of 2027, while SpaceX has said it could begin launching Starship from a new Florida launchpad by the end of 2026.
自2021年选定“星舰”作为其数十亿美元“阿耳忒弥斯”登月计划中宇航员的登月着陆器以来，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）已向SpaceX提供约32亿美元资金，协助“星舰”研发。SpaceX自身已投入至少150亿美元用于该火箭研发。
NASA has helped fund Starship's development with roughly $3.2 billion delivered to SpaceX since selecting the rocket in 2021 to serve as a moon lander for its astronauts under the multibillion-dollar US Artemis moon program. SpaceX has put at least $15 billion of its own funds into the rocket's development.
NASA和SpaceX预计“星舰”将于2028年将人类送上月球，但分析师和业内工程师认为，仍有几项重大测试里程碑有待完成，这将推迟该时间表。这些里程碑包括演示“星舰”加油飞船在轨道上进行复杂的燃料转移，这是让“星舰”飞越地球轨道前往月球的关键过程。
NASA and SpaceX expect Starship to land humans on the moon by 2028, though several major testing milestones remain that analysts and industry engineers believe will push that timeline back. Those milestones include demonstrating complex fuel transfers between Starship "tanker" rockets in orbit, a key process that will enable Starship to travel beyond Earth's orbit to the moon.
杰夫·贝佐斯的蓝色起源公司也在为NASA“阿耳忒弥斯”计划研发“蓝月”登月着陆器。“蓝月”有望于明年与“星舰”及另一艘飞船——NASA的“奥赖恩”飞船——在地球轨道会合，执行“阿耳忒弥斯III”任务，这是一项对接测试任务，将在NASA计划的“阿耳忒弥斯IV”登月任务开始前进行。
Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin is also developing a moon lander, Blue Moon, for NASA under the Artemis program. Blue Moon is poised to join Starship and another spacecraft, NASA's Orion capsule, in Earth's orbit next year for Artemis III, a docking test mission before NASA's planned moon landing missions begin with Artemis IV.