李·基思，瓦法·舒拉法 代尔拜拉赫，加沙地带 —— 这或许是以色列过去三年军事行动对加沙地带造成的最具戏剧性的创伤：拉法市，曾经拥有25万人口的城市，已被抹去。
LEE KEATH, WAFAA SHURAFA DEIR AL-BALAH, Gaza Strip — It’s perhaps the most dramatic wound inflicted on the Gaza Strip by Israel’s military campaign over the past three years : The city of Rafah, once home to a quarter million people, has been erased.
卫星图像显示，以色列军队已系统性地将这座南部城市及其他城镇和街区夷为平地，在某些地方甚至推平了废墟。自一年前达成以色列-哈马斯停火协议以来，利用推土机和炸药的拆除行动持续不断，以色列军队正在巩固其对仍控制的约60%领土的统治。
Satellite imagery shows the Israeli military has systematically razed the southern city and other towns and districts to the ground and in some places plowed away the rubble. Demolition, using bulldozers and explosives, has continued unabated since the Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal reached a year ago, as the military solidifies its hold over the around 60% of the territory that it still controls.
加沙扭曲的地貌，只是自2023年10月7日哈马斯武装分子袭击以色列南部后，以色列发起摧毁哈马斯行动以来，这片飞地200万巴勒斯坦人所遭受的伤上加伤的其中之一。
Gaza’s mangled landscape is just one of the wounds on top of wounds that the enclave’s 2 million Palestinians have endured since Israel launched its campaign to destroy Hamas after the militants’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack on southern Israel.
战前人口中，每10人就有超过1人被以色列炮火杀死或受伤。几乎每个家庭都在哀悼死者或照顾伤员，大多数家庭还不得不多次搬迁以逃避战斗和以色列的撤离令。随着几乎全体人口无家可归，这片沿海领土实际上已成为世界上人口最稠密的帐篷城市之一。简陋的帆布和尼龙庇护所覆盖了海滩和前农田，填满了空地。
More than one out of every 10 people from Gaza’s prewar population has been killed or wounded by Israeli fire. While nearly every family mourns dead or cares for wounded, most also had to move multiple times to escape fighting and Israeli evacuation orders. With almost the entire population homeless, the coastal territory is now effectively one of the world’s most populated tent cities. Ramshackle canvas and nylon shelters blanket beaches and former agricultural lands and fill empty lots.
在可预见的未来，局势几乎不会有所改变。虽然停火协议制止了攻势和最猛烈的轰炸，但以色列几乎每天都在袭击帐篷、汽车和建筑物，声称目标是哈马斯成员——但这些袭击经常导致妇女、儿童和其他家庭成员丧生。
Little is likely to change for the foreseeable future. While the ceasefire deal stopped the offensives and heaviest bombardment, Israel hits tents, cars and buildings almost daily in strikes that it says target Hamas members — but that regularly kill women, children and other family members.
人们不再需要四处逃亡，但极少有人能重建家园，因为以色列禁止大多数建筑材料进入加沙。停火协议中关于大规模重建加沙的计划从未启动，因为以色列和哈马斯未能就解除该武装组织武装达成协议。
People no longer have to flee from place to place, but few can rebuild homes because Israel bars most construction material from entering Gaza. The ceasefire agreement’s plan for the large-scale reconstruction of Gaza has never gotten off the ground because Israel and Hamas have failed to reach a deal on disarming the militant group.
2024年9月，以色列军队袭击了中部努赛赖特难民营内纳吉瓦·阿布·艾塔的家，导致她7岁的女儿丧生，另外三个孩子受伤。阿布·艾塔失去了一只眼睛，面部严重毁容留下疤痕，且呼吸困难。
Najwa Abu Eita lost her 7-year-old daughter when Israeli forces struck her home in the central refugee camp of Nuseirat in September 2024, and her three other children were injured in the attack. Abu Eita lost an eye, her face remains heavily damaged and scarred, and she has trouble breathing.
战前她是一名理发师，如今失去工作，住在自家废墟旁的帐篷里。她说最让她痛苦的是，孩子们被她的面容吓到，避免直视她。
A hairdresser before the war, she now has no work, living in a tent by the ruins of her home. Worst of all, she says, her children are frightened by her face and avoid looking at her.
“4岁的儿子对我说：‘妈妈，我把我的一只眼睛给你。’我心里在流泪，”她说。
“My 4-year-old son tells me, ‘Momma, I’ll give you one of my eyes.’ And inside, I’m weeping,” she said.
加沙人口被挤压在仅约40%的狭小领土上，其余地区由以色列军队控制。Planet Labs PBC公司的卫星图像显示，以色列控制区内绝大多数建筑已被推土机推平或炸成废墟堆，其中大部分破坏发生在大规模战斗结束一年后。
Gaza’s population is squeezed into about 40% of the tiny territory, and Israel’s military controls the rest. Satellite imagery by Planet Labs PBC shows that the vast majority of buildings in the Israel-held part have been bulldozed or exploded down to piles of rubble, much of it after major fighting ended a year ago.
以色列军方称，拆除建筑是为了防止哈马斯武装分子利用，或摧毁该组织的隧道网络。
The Israeli military says it demolishes buildings to prevent their use by Hamas militants or to destroy the group’s tunnel networks.
但联合国任命的一位专家在2月份的报告中指出，加沙民用住房和基础设施遭破坏的规模“在20世纪以来现代战争的可怕标准中也是前所未有的”。报告警告，这可能构成反人类罪，甚至达到种族灭绝的程度，根据国际法，种族灭绝包括“故意制造旨在导致身体毁灭的生活条件”。以色列拒绝接受种族灭绝指控，称其打击目标是与平民区交织在一起的哈马斯武装分子及其基础设施。
But a U.N.-appointed expert said in a February report that the scale of destruction of civilian housing and infrastructure in Gaza “is unprecedented even by the terrible standards of modern warfare since the 20th century.”The report warned that it could constitute a crime against humanity or reach the level of genocide, which under international law includes “deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction.”Israel rejects accusations of genocide, saying it targets Hamas militants and their infrastructure that are interwoven with civilian areas.
Planet Labs的卫星图像显示，在以色列控制的加沙地带各处，至少建有50个以色列军事前哨基地，其中至少18个是在停火开始后建造的。许多前哨基地建在前居民区之上，周围被拆毁建筑的瓦砾已被清理干净。
The Planet Labs imagery shows at least 50 Israeli military outposts built throughout the Israeli-held part of Gaza, at least 18 of them constructed since the ceasefire began. Many have been put on top of former neighborhoods where the rubble of demolished buildings nearby has been cleared away.
拉法大部分地区在停火前已被夷为平地，但图像显示，部队仍在拆除为数不多的剩余建筑。几座被遗弃的联合国建筑得以幸免，还有一个市政运动场，现在看起来里面建有军事基地。
Most of Rafah was razed before the ceasefire, but images show that troops continue to demolish the few remaining buildings. Several abandoned U.N. buildings have been spared, as well as a municipal sports field that now appears to contain a military base.
一座新基地还矗立在南部城镇贝尼苏海拉曾经的主干道十字路口上。该镇在过去一年被夷平，如今已成废墟，交织着蜘蛛网般的土路，那些曾经是街道。
A new base also stands on what was once the main intersection of the southern town of Beni Suhaila. Leveled over the past year, the town is now a wasteland intersected by a spiderweb of dirt paths that were once streets.
卫星图像显示，北部贾巴利亚的阿乌达医院综合体大部分在近几个月化为废墟，数座联合国运营的学校建筑也是如此。贾巴利亚曾是加沙地带最大难民营所在地，居住着约12万难民和数万其他居民，是一个人口稠密的城区。
In Jabaliya in the north, most of the al-Awda Hospital Complex was reduced to rubble in recent months, as were a number of U.N.-run school buildings, satellite images show. Jabaliya was once home to the Gaza Strip’s biggest refugee camp, home to some 120,000 refugees and tens of thousands of other residents in a densely built urban district.
如今，为数不多仍屹立的建筑之一是八角形的印尼医院，自2025年6月部队将其关闭后便空置至今。以色列军方在附近建了一座新基地。
Now one of the few buildings still standing is the octagonal-shaped Indonesian Hospital, empty since troops shut it down in June 2025. The Israeli military built a new base nearby.
同样，贝特哈农曾是加沙东北角一个约7万人的城镇，谢贾耶则是建城800年的加沙城街区，如今两地皆是一街区接一街区被夷平的房屋和公寓楼。
Similarly, most of Beit Hanoun, once a town of some 70,000 people in Gaza’s far northeast corner, and Shijaiya, a Gaza City neighborhood founded 800 years ago, are now block after block of leveled houses and apartment towers.
援助物资和商业产品的流入量增加，使加沙摆脱了去年因以色列长达数月禁止食品和其他物品入境而在部分地区出现的饥荒。但大多数民众仍依赖国际救援。工作机会寥寥，大多与在市场摆摊贩卖有关。
An increased flow of aid and commercial products brought Gaza back from famine that arose in some areas last year under a monthslong Israeli ban on food and other goods. But most of the population remains dependent on international relief. Jobs are few, mostly connected to selling in the market .
沙迪·巴拉维在战争初期失去了父亲。不久后，他在加沙城家附近遭遇空袭，被弹片击中，导致腿部截肢——他是这场战争留下的约6000名截肢者之一。
Shadi Barawi lost his father early in the war. Soon after that, Barawi was hit by shrapnel from a strike near his home in Gaza City, and his leg was amputated — one of some 6,000 amputees left by the war.
失去双腿后，“我对生活失去了所有希望，”这位35岁男子说。但他表示，他是自己六口之家和五个姐妹的唯一经济支柱。
After losing his leg, “I lost all hope in life,” the 35-year-old said. But he was the sole support, he said, for his own family of six and his five sisters, he said.
战前是一名理发师的他，重新拿起剪刀为人理发赚取微薄收入。没有假肢，他只能拄着拐杖单腿站立，在既是住所又是工作场所的帐篷里干活。
A barber before the war, he returned to giving haircuts to earn some money. With no prosthetic limb, he balances on his crutches as he works in the same tent where he lives.
“我在艰难的环境下工作，”他说，“我只有一条腿。可能给三个顾客理完发，我就累得停下来休息，但随后我会继续干下去，”他说。
“I’m working in tough circumstances,” he said. “I’m on one leg. I might do cuts for three customers, then I get tired and stop and rest, but then I keep going,” he said.
成千上万具尸体仍埋在以色列空袭夷为平地的建筑废墟下。停火以来，加沙当局一直在缓慢地从一个废墟场地转移到另一个，试图寻找遗体。
Thousands of bodies remain buried under buildings smashed by Israeli strikes. Since the ceasefire, Gaza authorities have slowly been going from site to site to try to find them.
上周，一支搜寻小组终于来到哈宁·霍达里在加沙城的家。她回忆说，2023年12月大楼遭袭时，她被抛入附近的一棵树上，住院数周后得知父母、兄弟姐妹和许多堂表亲妹均遇难，其中17人的遗体至今仍被困在废墟之下。
Last week, a search team finally came to the Gaza City home of Haneen al-Khodari. When her building was hit in December 2023, al-Khodari was thrown into a nearby tree, and after weeks in the hospital, she was told her parents, siblings and many of her cousins were killed, she said. The bodies of 17 of them remained trapped under wreckage ever since.
但在挖掘废墟八小时后，小组仅找回一名幼童的遗骸和两根骨头。其余遗体的搜寻被迫终止。
But after eight hours digging through the ruins, the team only recovered the remains of a small child and two bones. The search for the rest was called off.
霍达里坐在路边，满腔期待落空。“我们等了这一刻整整三年，”她说。
Al-Khodari sat on the pavement, her hopes dashed. “We had been waiting for this moment for three years,” she said.
她面前地上的塑料布上放着找到的东西，贴着标签，写着“混合骨骼”。基思在开罗发回报道。
A plastic sheet on the ground in front of her contained what they’d found, labeled with the words, “Mixed bones.”Keath reported from Cairo.