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冰箱黑客攻击导致数百万损失并引发火灾,源于安全防护薄弱Fridge hack costing millions and sparking fires stemmed from poor security

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本周早些时候,法国约700家超市的制冷系统遭到大规模黑客攻击,导致系统突然故障,造成无法计量吨级易腐食品变质,部分情况下还引发火灾。正如现在的常态,基本的网络安全本可防止此类事件发生。

Earlier this week, a mass hack of refrigeration systems at an estimated 700 supermarkets throughout France caused them to suddenly malfunction, causing spoilage of untold tons of perishables and, in some cases, fires. As is now the norm, basic cybersecurity would have prevented it.

法国当局表示,这些系统由遍布全店的冰箱和冷冻柜整车队组成。更具体地说,使技术人员能够远程管理全店系统的联网控制器被入侵。未知攻击者随后激活除霜功能足够长的时间,使冰箱温度升至高达50摄氏度(122华氏度)。当此次大规模入侵被发现时,食品已变质,部分情况下其电气系统甚至起火。

French authorities say the systems, made up of entire fleets of refrigerators and freezers throughout a store, were hacked. More specifically, Internet-connected controllers that allow technicians to remotely administer the store-wide systems were compromised. The unknown attackers responsible then activated defrosters long enough for the fridges to reach temperatures as high as 50° Celsius (122° Fahrenheit). By the time the mass compromise was discovered, food was spoiled, and in some cases their electrical systems caught fire.

多项安全公告和公开研究报告显示,此次事件中据称被黑客入侵的三种控制器型号——分别由丹麦丹佛斯(Danfoss)以及美国迪克赛尔(Dixell)及其母公司科普兰(Copeland)销售——均存在关键漏洞,使攻击者能够以管理员权限远程控制这些设备。直到最近,丹佛斯控制器例如仍在使用每日更换一次的凭证。该密码由公开可用的固件根据日期生成。只要黑客花时间分析代码,就能在未收到最近更新的任何设备上重现这一过程。每日密码在位于数百或数千家商店的同型号设备之间完全相同。

Multiple security advisories and public research reports show that all three of the controller models reportedly hacked in the incident—sold by Danfoss of Denmark and Dixell and its parent company Copeland in the US—contained critical vulnerabilities that allow attackers to remotely to the devices with the same system rights as administrators. Until recently, Danfoss controllers, for instance, used a credential that changes each day. The password is generated by the publicly available firmware based on the date. A hacker who takes the time to analyze the code can do the same thing on any device that hasn’t received a recent update. Daily passwords are identical across models located in hundreds or thousands of stores.