那些历来反对学校选择政策（即允许家长为孩子选择学校）的民主党州长们，将面临越来越大的竞争压力，被迫加入唐纳德·特朗普总统推出的具有里程碑意义的“联邦奖学金税收抵免计划”（Federal Scholarship Tax Credit, FSTC）。各州正在考虑是否参与该计划，而纽约州州长凯西·霍丘尔（Kathy Hochul）已正式决定加入该计划，一位美国教育部的官员向福克斯新闻数字频道（Fox News Digital）透露了这一消息。
Democratic governors who have traditionally opposed school choice initiatives will face mounting competitive pressure to join President Donald Trump's landmark Federal Scholarship Tax Credit (FSTC) program as states weigh whether to participate and New York Gov. Kathy Hochul moves to formally opt in, a top Department of Education official told Fox News Digital.
“我认为这种压力是真实存在的，最终会促使所有50个州都加入该计划，”美国教育部政策与项目副主任林赛·伯克（Lindsey Burke）表示。
"I think that pressure is real and is going to encourage all 50 states to ultimately opt in," said Lindsey Burke, deputy chief of staff for policy and programs at the U.S. Department of Education.
伯克的言论是在财政部和国税局于10月1日发布相关法规之后作出的。这些法规旨在实施这项新的联邦政策，从而为美国建立首个全国性的学校选择框架铺平道路。
Burke's comments follow the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issuing proposed regulations Oct. 1 to implement the new federal program, paving the way for America's first nationwide school choice framework.
尽管民主党历来反对这一政策，但纽约州还是决定加入这一联邦计划。该计划允许个人纳税人向非营利性的奖学金发放组织（Non-profit Scholarship-granting Organizations, SGOs）捐款，并获得最高1,700美元的联邦税收抵免。不过，各州的州长必须正式决定让本州的居民和当地教育机构参与该计划，才能使这些机构能够获得相关资金。
NEW YORK JOINS FEDERAL SCHOOL CHOICE INITIATIVE DESPITE TRADITIONAL DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION The initiative — also referred to as the Education Freedom Tax Credit — allows individual taxpayers to receive up to a $1,700 dollar-for-dollar federal tax credit for donations made to non-profit scholarship-granting organizations (SGOs). However, state governors must formally opt into the program for their residents and local educational organizations to participate and receive the funds.
美国国税局最近报告称，已有超过一半的美国州签署了参与该计划的协议。伯克指出，“竞争压力”最终会迫使那些原本属于民主党的州也接受这些私人捐款。
The IRS recently reported that more than half of U.S. states have already signed up to participate. Burke noted that "competitive pressure" will ultimately force blue states to capture the influx of private donations.
“例如，如果你在加利福尼亚州……捐赠者将能够向加利福尼亚州以外的奖学金授予组织捐款，并因此获得税收抵免，”伯克说。“所以，除非像加利福尼亚州这样的州决定加入该计划，否则捐赠者就会向州外捐款，而加利福尼亚州的学生将无法从中受益。”
"If you're in California, for example… a donor will be able to donate to scholarship-granting organizations outside of California, and they will get their tax credit as a result of that," Burke said. "So, unless a state like California decides to opt in, then they're going to have donors donating outside of their state and their students in California not benefiting."
美国教育部长琳达·麦卡姆此前指出，一些民主党领导人之所以抵制联邦奖学金计划，仅仅是因为“这是一项特朗普的措施”。全国最大的教师工会面临压力，因其备受争议的议程使这项拥有百年历史的联邦特许计划面临风险。麦卡姆提到了肯塔基州州长安迪·贝希尔，他曾表示担忧，认为学校选择计划可能会从公共教育中分流资源——反对者认为这些资金本应用于教师薪资、招聘员工和升级设施。此后，在州议会推翻贝希尔对加入该计划法案的否决后，肯塔基州正式加入了联邦计划。
Education Secretary Linda McMahon previously noted that some Democratic leaders have resisted the federal scholarship program simply because "it’s a Trump measure." NATION’S LARGEST TEACHERS UNION UNDER FIRE AS CONTROVERSIAL AGENDA PUTS CENTURY-OLD FEDERAL CHARTER AT RISK McMahon pointed to Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear, who had expressed concerns that school choice programs could divert resources from public education — money that opponents argue should instead go toward teacher salaries, recruiting staff and upgrading facilities. Kentucky has since formally joined the federal program after the state legislature overrode Beshear's veto of opt-in legislation.
与直接从市政或州级公共教育基金中拨款的传统代金券计划不同，税收抵免奖学金允许纳税人将部分联邦税款重新定向，用于资助非营利性的学生奖学金。联邦框架将是否加入该计划的决定权交给了各州州长，使当地家庭能够获得联邦激励的奖学金资金。
Unlike traditional voucher programs that draw directly from municipal or state public education funds, tax-credit scholarships allow taxpayers to redirect a portion of their federal tax liability toward non-profit funding for student scholarships. The federal framework leaves the opt-in decision to state governors, enabling local families to access federally incentivized scholarship dollars.
Teach Coalition的首席执行官悉尼·奥尔特菲尔德告诉福克斯新闻数字频道，税收抵免的制度设计创造了一种经济激励，蓝州州长无法忽视。
Sydney Altfield, CEO of Teach Coalition, told Fox News Digital that the structural design of the tax credit creates a financial incentive that blue-state governors cannot afford to ignore.
“我认为，就在今天，可能也出现了这样一则新闻：科罗拉多州州长贾里德·波利斯呼吁那些‘蓝色州’（即民主党控制的州）不要参与这项联邦计划，这样他就能从这些州那里获得资金，”阿尔特菲尔德补充道。“对像科罗拉多州这样的州来说，这确实是一个很好的机会；希望霍丘尔州长能支持他的决定。如果其他‘蓝色州’都不愿意参与这项计划，我可以想象霍丘尔州长一定会竭尽全力为该州争取更多的资金。她一直表示希望把资金重新投入到纽约市民的口袋里，而这项计划正好可以实现这一目标。”
"I think even just today there might have been a news article where Gov. Jared Polis from Colorado is calling on blue states not to opt in so that he can take their money," Altfield added. "That's a great opportunity for states like Colorado, and hopefully Gov. Hochul is right behind him. If other blue states don't want to opt in, I can only imagine that Gov. Hochul is going to do everything in her power to get more money into the state. She always says she wants to put money back into the pockets of New Yorkers, and this is doing just that."
科罗拉多州州长贾里德·波利斯是首位宣布自己所在州将在2025年底参与这项联邦计划的民主党州长，随后科罗拉多州正式加入了该计划。当时，波利斯驳斥了批评者的意见，他对当地媒体表示：“如果不参与这项计划，那才真是疯了！”他强调这项计划可以帮助家庭支付辅导费用、课外活动费用以及暑期教育项目的费用。
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis became the first Democratic governor to announce that his state would participate in the federal program in late 2025, and Colorado subsequently formally opted in. Dismissing critics at the time, Polis told local media he "would be crazy not to" join, pointing out that the program could help families pay for tutoring, after-school programs and summer enrichment.
霍丘尔被指控‘代表教师工会行事’，属于‘纯粹的审查行为’ 5月，纽约州州长凯西·霍丘尔的发言人艾玛·沃尔纳证实，霍丘尔州长打算让纽约州参与这项联邦计划，从而使纽约州成为第30个参与该计划的州。
HOCHUL ACCUSED OF ‘HIT JOB’ ON BEHALF OF TEACHERS’ UNIONS IN ACT OF ‘PURE CENSORSHIP’: LABOR GROUP In May, Emma Wallner, a spokesperson for New York Gov. Kathy Hochul, confirmed that the governor intends to opt New York into the program — making it the 30th state to participate.
沃尔纳对福克斯新闻数字频道表示：“霍丘尔州长支持这项联邦税收抵免奖学金计划，认为它有助于帮助纽约州的学生和学校。我们的办公室正在等待联邦政府提供的相关信息，并会仔细审查该政策的细节，以确认其中是否存在可能损害纽约州教育系统的隐患。”
"Governor Hochul is supportive of the federal tax credit scholarship and its potential to help New York students and schools," Wallner told Fox News Digital. "Our office awaits information from the federal government on the program and will thoroughly review the details of the policy for poison pills that could harm New York’s education system."
福克斯新闻数字频道再次联系霍丘尔州长和波利斯州长，希望他们能对此事发表新的评论。
Fox News Digital reached out again for new comment from Governor Hochul, as well as to Governor Polis.
尽管霍丘尔表示支持参与该计划，但主要的劳工组织和教师工会仍坚决反对这一决定。一个由教师工会和其他公立学校倡导者组成的联盟发起了请愿活动，要求霍丘尔拒绝这项计划。
Despite Hochul's stated intention to participate, major labor groups and teachers unions remain staunchly opposed. A coalition of teachers unions and other public school advocates launched a petition demanding that Hochul reject the program.
请注意，我提供的翻译是基于您提供的英文文本。如果您需要进一步的修改或调整，请随时告诉我。以下是翻译结果：请愿书中写道：“霍丘尔州长计划从2027年起在纽约州实施这项政策。但大多数纽约人甚至还没有听说过这项政策，也不清楚它将如何影响纽约州的教育体系。这些税收资金将用于帮助那些从未使用过公立学校的家庭支付私立学校的学费。”
"Gov. Hochul plans to opt New York starting in 2027. But most New Yorkers haven’t even heard of this program or know how it will affect New York," the petition states. "Tax dollars would help pay private tuition for families who never used public schools." TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TOUTS ‘HARD RESET’ FOR AMERICAN SCHOOLS, VOWS TO PUT PARENTS ‘BACK IN CHARGE’ For decades, school choice initiatives have remained a third-rail issue for many Democrats, who contend that choice models weaken public school systems and undermine labor unions.
特朗普政府大力宣扬对美国学校系统的“彻底改革”，并承诺让家长重新掌握教育决策权。几十年来，学校选择政策在许多民主党人看来一直是一个次要问题；他们认为这些政策会削弱公立学校系统的稳定性，并对工会造成不利影响。然而，由于新冠疫情的影响，家长们对替代教育方式（包括特许学校、私立学校和家庭教育）的需求不断增加，这迫使一些民主党人重新审视自己的立场。
However, growing parent demand for alternative education options — including charter schools, private schooling, and homeschooling following the COVID-19 pandemic — has pushed several prominent Democrats to re-evaluate their positions. Trump's landmark school choice program comes amid major big blue city school districts struggling to retain students since the coronavirus pandemic.
特朗普推出的这项具有里程碑意义的学校选择政策，正值许多大型蓝市学区在努力留住学生之际。
"This is pressure of money flowing into your state. This is pressure of job availability in your state.
阿尔特菲尔德进一步解释说：“这代表着资金流入该州的压力；代表着该州就业机会的增加；代表着当地社区教育机会的改善；同时也意味着资金重新回到了那些最需要帮助的家长和家庭手中。这种压力才是最积极的、有益的压力。”
This is the pressure of educational opportunities increasing for your communities," Altfield said, expanding on Burke’s comments. "This is pressure of putting money back in the pockets of parents, back in the pockets of families who are struggling the most. This is the best kind of pressure to have."