缅甸丹林：据一名缅甸海军官员称，近1500名从马来西亚返回缅甸的移民于周日（10月4日）抵达了他们饱受战争摧残的祖国。这些移民是通过一项不透明的遣返计划被送回缅甸的。
THANLYIN, Myanmar: Nearly 1,500 Myanmar migrants from Malaysia arrived in their war-torn home country on Sunday (Oct 4), a Myanmar Navy official said, returned under an opaque repatriation scheme.
这名海军官员告诉法新社（AFP），三艘载有缅甸移民的船只均在早上7点30分前抵达了丹林的缅甸海军基地。由于他未被授权接受媒体采访，因此法新社未公开他的姓名。
Three ships carrying Myanmar migrants had all docked at the Myanmar Navy base in Thanlyin just before 7.30 am, said the naval official who AFP has kept anonymous as he was not authorised to speak to media.
法新社的记者看到，数百个家庭在黎明时分聚集在基地外等待接回自己的亲人；那里停满了汽车、出租车和公交车，准备将他们送往目的地。
Hundreds of families were gathered at dawn to collect their relatives outside the base, where cars, taxis and buses were parked in ranks preparing to take them away, AFP journalists saw.
55岁的Kyaw Myint告诉法新社，他前来接回自己的三个孙子——这三个孙子在马来西亚被关押了1年半，他已经六年没有见到他们了。“自从他们被关进监狱后，我们就失去了与他们的联系，”他说。他担心这些孙子可能会被征召入伍，“不仅可能被军方征召，也可能被少数民族武装组织征召。”
Kyaw Myint, 55, told AFP he was there to collect three grandchildren who had been in Malaysian detention for one and a half years, and who he has not seen in six years. "Since they arrived in prison we lost contact with them," he said. Now Kyaw Myint is worried about them being conscripted - "not only by the military but also by ethnic armed groups", he added.
马来西亚自2026年9月29日起开始遣返这些缅甸公民。由于马来西亚总理安瓦尔·易卜拉欣在反罗兴亚情绪的背景下宣布了这项遣返计划，人们担心被遣返的移民中可能包括受到迫害的罗兴亚人，但这一猜测尚未得到证实。
Malaysia began sending back around 1,500 Myanmar nationals on Sep 29, 2026. There are also concerns members of the persecuted Rohingya are among the returned group, after Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim announced the repatriations against a backdrop of anti-Rohingya sentiment, but this has not been confirmed.
根据缅甸政府的说法，这三艘缅甸海军船只于周二载着1476名移民离开了马来西亚。这是安瓦尔承诺接收的5000名移民中的第一批。
The three Myanmar Navy ships left Malaysia on Tuesday carrying 1,476 migrants, according to the Myanmar government - the first of 5,000 that Anwar says Myanmar agreed to take back.
然而，联合国警告称，自2021年军事政变以来缅甸一直处于内战状态，当地的安全局势极不稳定，因此无法保证这些移民能够安全回国。其中一名移民的25岁姐姐表示：“我们完全不知道他们回到缅甸后的生活会怎样。”这名移民曾告诉家人，自己将被送往这些船上。
But the United Nations (UN) warns conditions in Myanmar, which has been consumed by civil war since a 2021 military coup, mean safe homecomings cannot be guaranteed as required under international law. "We have no idea how his life will be back in Myanmar," said the 25-year-old sister of one migrant, who told his family he expected to be sent aboard the ships.
“我们最担心的是他们抵达时会发生危险，”她在马来西亚接受法新社采访时说道。由于在船只启航前与弟弟失去联系，出于安全考虑她要求匿名。
"Our main concern is his arrival won't be safe," she told AFP from Malaysia, requesting anonymity for security reasons after losing contact with her brother before the vessels set sail.
2021年缅甸发生军事政变后，东南亚国家联盟（东盟）一直将缅甸排除在高级别会议之外，因为缅甸在落实东盟旨在终止冲突的“五点共识”方面尚未取得实质性进展。
ASEAN's Five-Point Consensus Following a 2021 military coup the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) had excluded Myanmar from high-level meetings as it has yet to make meaningful progress on the bloc's Five-Point Consensus to end hostilities.
2021年4月的一次会议上，所有东盟领导人就缅甸局势达成了一致意见。这五点共识具体内容如下：第一，缅甸应立即停止一切暴力行为，各方须保持最大程度的克制。
During a meeting in April 2021, all ASEAN leaders reached a consensus about the situation in Myanmar. The five points are: First, there shall be immediate cessation of violence in Myanmar and all parties shall exercise utmost restraint.
第二，有关各方应展开建设性对话，以谋求符合民众利益的和平解决方案。
Second, constructive dialogue among all parties concerned shall commence to seek a peaceful solution in the interests of the people.
第三，东盟轮值主席国特使应在东盟秘书处的协助下，推动对话进程的调解工作。第四，东盟应通过东盟人道主义援助中心提供人道主义援助。第五，特使及其代表团应访问缅甸，与所有相关方会面。
Third, a special envoy of the ASEAN chair shall facilitate mediation of the dialogue process, with the assistance of the secretary-general of ASEAN. Fourth, ASEAN shall provide humanitarian assistance through the AHA Centre. Fifth, the special envoy and delegation shall visit Myanmar to meet with all parties concerned.
据马来西亚媒体报道，此次遣返人员中包括27名儿童和79名女性，其余1370人均为成年男性。在马来西亚的缅甸难民及寻求庇护者中，罗兴亚人占绝大多数，但针对船上具体人数，吉隆坡方面尚未回应法新社的询问。
Collapse The arrivals were due to include 27 children and 79 women, Malaysian media said, the remaining 1,370 adult men. Rohingya make up the majority of Myanmar refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia, but Kuala Lumpur has not responded to an AFP query about the number onboard.
今年7月，安瓦尔宣布了遣返计划。就在几天前，由于马来西亚国内针对难民、尤其是罗兴亚人的排外情绪日益高涨，吉隆坡还拘留了100多名罗兴亚寻求庇护者。
Anwar announced the repatriations in July, just days after the detention of more than 100 Rohingya asylum seekers in Kuala Lumpur amid rising xenophobia against refugees, particularly the Rohingyas in Malaysia.
这一遣返消息引发了广泛担忧：自2017年起缅甸军方实施镇压后，大量罗兴亚人纷纷逃离祖国，人权专家称这一行为已构成种族灭绝。
News of the returns sparked widespread concern, as members of the ethnic group fled Myanmar en masse following a military crackdown starting in 2017, which rights experts say amounted to genocide.
马来西亚坚称，所有遣返人员均自愿同意从拘留中心返回缅甸；而缅甸方面则表示，这些人在拘留期间已服完因违反移民法规而判处的刑期。
Malaysia insists all returnees agreed to voluntary repatriation from detention centres, where Myanmar says they had completed sentences for immigration offences.
然而，诸如Fortify Rights之类的监督组织指出，这些安置设施内的条件极其恶劣。
But monitor organisations such as Fortify Rights report dire conditions in the facilities.
联合国难民署上周表示，其工作人员未被获准与遣返人员面谈，因此无法确认这些移民的决定是否“真正出于自愿且经过充分了解”。
The UN refugee agency said this past week its staff were not allowed to meet returnees to confirm whether migrants' decisions "were genuinely free and informed".
缅甸国家电视台播放了移民们返乡途中的画面：他们在船甲板上参加健身操课程，身穿印有“愉快返回祖国”字样的T恤。“现在绝非遣返的时机”马来西亚已着手实施计划，准备遣返第二批共3500多名移民。
Myanmar state television has broadcast footage of the migrants on the journey home, being led in aerobics classes on a ship deck and wearing T-shirts saying: "Happy voyage back to motherland". 'NO TIME TO RETURN' Malaysia is already moving ahead with plans to return a second group of more than 3,500 migrants.
马来西亚内政部称，这些移民“给国家带来了沉重的经济负担，引发了严重的社会危机，还对民众的安全构成了切实威胁”。预计缅甸领导人敏昂莱不久后将访问马来西亚，商讨遣返事宜。缅甸上月承诺，遣返过程将“安全且有尊严”。
Migrants have "imposed a significant financial burden on the nation, triggered serious social crises, and created tangible security threats for the Malaysian people", the home ministry has said. Myanmar leader Min Aung Hlaing is expected to soon visit Malaysia to discuss the scheme. Myanmar last month pledged returns will be "safe and dignified".
不过，Fortify Rights的高级人权专家叶莱盛对法新社表示：“目前无法预料缅甸政权会如何对待这些遣返人员。”目前缅甸国内暴力冲突不断，上月末，军方对西部若开邦的一个集市发动空袭，导致50人丧生。
But Yap Lay Sheng, a senior human rights specialist with Fortify Rights, told AFP: "There's no telling how the regime would treat returnees." Myanmar is also riven by violence, with 50 killed late last month in a military airstrike on a marketplace in western Rakine state.
据监督机构ACLED统计，这场内战迄今已造成逾10万人死亡。
The civil war has so far killed more than 100,000 people, according to monitor ACLED.
联合国人权事务高级专员沃尔克·图尔克周二指出：“眼下绝不是强行将任何人遣返回一个存在大量严重人权侵犯与虐待行为的国家的时机。”
"This is no time to return anyone forcibly to a country plagued by egregious human rights violations and abuses," UN rights chief Volker Turk said Tuesday.