9月10日黎明时分，纳比尔站在自家阳台上，目睹大批流离失所的民众从眼前经过。几小时后，胡塞武装便进入了也门红海沿岸城市摩卡。“人们都吓坏了，到处弥漫着恐惧的气氛，”他说。
Nabil watched from his balcony as a column of displaced people passed by at dawn on September 10, hours before Houthi forces entered Mocha, a Yemeni city on the Red Sea. “People were terrified. There was fear everywhere,” he said.
现年40多岁的纳比尔是一名日薪制劳工，他并未随人群一同逃离。目前他仍和家人一起住在摩卡北部的雅克图尔村，村里没有人离开家园。
Nabil, a daily wage labourer in his 40s, did not join them. He still lives in Yakhtul, a village north of Mocha, alongside relatives, none of whom has left their homes.
“流离失所意味着屈辱与无家可归，”他说，“我没有做错任何事，所以没什么可害怕的，我也不属于任何一方。”胡塞武装从效忠于也门国际公认政府的军队手中夺取摩卡数周后，仍有数千名平民滞留在该地区。自2014年9月起，这个武装组织便控制了也门北部大部分地区，包括首都萨那。十多年来，他们一直与也门政府交战，这场内战还引发了由沙特阿拉伯牵头的多国军事联盟介入。目前无人知晓摩卡究竟还有多少居民，不过根据也门2004年进行的最后一次人口普查，当时该市人口为62,500人。
“Displacement is humiliation and homelessness,” he said. “I haven’t done anything wrong, so I have nothing to be afraid of, and I don’t belong to any side.”Weeks after the Houthis took Mocha from forces loyal to Yemen’s internationally recognised government, thousands of civilians remain in the district. The Houthis – an armed group that has controlled much of northern Yemen, including the capital, Sanaa, since September 2014 – have fought the government for more than a decade in a civil war that has drawn in a Saudi-led military coalition. No one knows how many people remain in Mocha, but according to Yemen’s last census in 2004 the city had 62,500 residents.
也门政府已将摩卡划为军事区，并指控胡塞武装强迫当地居民举行支持该组织的示威活动，甚至强迫他们加入武装队伍。
The government has declared Mocha a military zone and alleged that the Houthis have forced residents to demonstrate in support of the group or join its ranks.
接受半岛电视台采访的当地居民并未提及存在强制示威的情况，但一位因担心安全而不愿透露姓名的居民称，他的三位邻居已被胡塞武装招募并配备了武器，如今正在前线与政府军作战。
Residents interviewed by Al Jazeera did not describe forced demonstrations, but one who asked not to be identified because he feared for his safety said three of his neighbours have been recruited and armed by the Houthis. They are now on the front lines fighting against government forces.
“今天，我妻子从一位到访的女子口中得知，一辆载有胡塞武装人员的皮卡车多次来到那女子家，试图招募她的儿子们入伍，但被拒绝了，”他说，“我认识这些人，他们都是我们的邻居，其中一位男孩甚至还亲口跟我提起过这件事。”据他介绍，在那位女子拒绝后，皮卡车便离开了。
“Today my wife heard from a woman who came to our house that a Houthi-armed pick-up truck had kept coming to their home, wanting to recruit her sons, but she refused,” he said. “I know these people. They are our neighbours. One of her sons even spoke to me about it himself.”The truck left after she refused, he said.
莫卡港位于曼德海峡以北约75公里处，是红海航运的重要通道。自2023年末以来，胡塞武装多次将此处作为攻击目标。
A refuge emptied Mocha’s port lies about 75km (45 miles) north of the Bab al-Mandeb strait, a chokepoint for Red Sea shipping that the Houthis have repeatedly targeted since late 2023.
2017年，亲政府武装重新夺回莫卡后，这座城市便成了逃离胡塞控制区的也门人的避难所。
After government-aligned forces recaptured Mocha in 2017, the city became a refuge for Yemenis fleeing Houthi-controlled territory.
然而今年9月初，战事向沿海地带蔓延，大量民众纷纷逃往亚丁、塔伊兹和拉希杰。其中许多人此前就曾逃离过胡塞的统治。
That changed in early September when fighting moved down the coast and families fled towards Aden, Taiz and Lahij. Many had already escaped Houthi rule once before.
9月10日晚，也门政府宣布莫卡及其周边地区为“打击区”，警告称任何胡塞武装的动向都将遭到火力打击。次日，空袭随即开始。
On the evening of September 10, the government declared Mocha and its surroundings a “kill box”, a strike zone, warning that any Houthi movement there would be met with available firepower. Attacks began the following day.
如今，当地居民表示几乎无法离开莫卡。27岁的药剂师福阿德说道：“政府宣布该地区为打击区后，便开放了旧的阿尔巴尔公路供民众撤离。有些人成功逃出，有些人则被胡塞武装阻拦，还有人因担心流离失所的艰辛而选择留在家中。”纳比尔补充道，胡塞武装还在该市实施了夜间宵禁，物价飞涨，停电现象也愈发频繁。
Now residents say that leaving Mocha is almost impossible. “After the kill box was declared, the government opened the old al-Barh road so people could leave,” said Fuad, a 27-year-old pharmacist. “Some got out, some were prevented by the Houthis and some stayed home, fearing the hardship of displacement.”The Houthis have imposed a nighttime curfew on the city. Prices have soared, and power cuts have grown frequent, Nabil said.
如今，一个烹饪用燃气罐的价格已上涨一倍多，达到约2万里亚尔（约合13美元）；一袋50公斤重的面粉价格也上涨了8000里亚尔（约合5美元）。
A cooking gas cylinder has more than doubled in price to about 20,000 rials ($13), and a 50kg (110lb) sack of flour has risen by 8,000 rials ($5). “A day’s work barely covers petrol and lunch,” he said.
“一天的劳动所得仅够买汽油和午饭，”他说道，“孩子们也都不去上学了。”教室里大多空无一人。“家长和学生都害怕遭到炮击，也担心儿子们会被强行派往前线，”一位名叫曼苏尔的公立中学教师说道。他无力带着七个家人逃离。
“Children have stopped going to school.”Classrooms remain largely empty. “Parents and students are afraid of shelling or of their sons being thrown onto the front lines,” said Mansour, a teacher at a government secondary school who could not afford to flee with his family of seven.
“我只是一名教师，与政治毫无关系，”他说道，“说到底，人也就只能死一次罢了。”对于60多岁的乌姆·哈立德来说，带着瘫痪在床的丈夫离开莫卡根本不可行。“我能逃到哪里去呢？看看我的处境吧，”她说道。
“I am a teacher. I have nothing to do with politics,” he said. “In the end, we only die once.”For Umm Khaled, a woman in her 60s whose husband is disabled and bedridden, leaving Mocha was never an option. “Where would I flee to? Look at my situation,” she said.
2017年初，也门政府从胡塞武装手中重新夺回摩卡市后，其外国盟友出资资助当地的重建工作。但由于该城地理位置重要，在也门内战期间屡遭攻击。[ “国民抵抗军”，每月能拿到1000沙特里亚尔（约合267美元）的薪水。随着胡塞武装步步逼近，他随部队撤离，留下妻子和两个分别15岁、9岁的孩子由她照顾。
After Yemen’s government retook Mocha from the Houthis in early 2017, its foreign allies funded reconstruction efforts, but because of its strategic location, the city has come under repeated attack during Yemen’s civil war [File: Andrew Renneisen/Getty Images] Her son, who had supported the family by fishing, joined the government-aligned National Resistance Forces for a monthly salary of 1,000 Saudi riyals ($267). He fled with them as the Houthis advanced, leaving behind his wife and two children, aged 15 and nine, in her care.
“现在他们都走了，我们彻底无依无靠，”她说道。当地的杂货店也不再赊账给他们，全家人只能靠援助机构在该城被占领前分发的面粉勉强维生。“有时有人带来鱼，有人带来酸奶，剩下的就只能听天由命了，”她补充道。
“Now they have fled, and we are lost,” she said. The local grocer has stopped extending credit, and the family survives on a sack of flour distributed by an aid group before the takeover. “Someone brings a fish, someone brings a yogurt and the rest is up to God,” she added.
40岁的渔民哈桑要养活9口人，他表示自己根本无力离开这座城市。前往邻近的塔伊兹市的车费高达20万里亚尔（约合128美元）。“连每天的口粮都买不起，我又能去哪儿呢？”他问道。袭击频发，医疗体系崩溃 平民也频频成为袭击的受害者。
Hassan, a 40-year-old fisherman who supports nine people, said he could not afford to leave the city. A ride to nearby Taiz costs up to 200,000 rials ($128). “Where would I go when I don’t even have my daily bread?” he asked. Attacks and collapsed healthcare Civilians have also been killed in the “kill zone”.
据沙特国有媒体Al-Hadath的记者马哈茂德·阿尔-奥特米介绍，9月22日黎明前，摩卡市一处民宅遭轰炸，导致他家6名亲属丧生。
Before dawn on September 22, the bombing of a house in Mocha killed six members of one family according to Mahmoud al-Otmi, a journalist with Saudi-owned Al-Hadath news channel whose relatives died.
2026年10月3日，也门政府军在与胡塞武装展开激战后，沿着塔伊兹市以西的贾巴尔·汉前线道路行进。据报道，他们试图夺取连接内陆城市塔伊兹与沿海城市亚丁的主要通道。[ 。
也门政府塔伊兹军事指挥部道德指导部门副主管阿卜杜勒巴塞特·阿尔-巴尔上校称，这些“打击区域”专门针对胡塞武装分子。
Yemeni government forces walk along a road near the Jabal Han front, west of the city of Taiz, on October 3, 2026, after fierce battles against Houthi fighters as they reportedly try to seize control of the main route between the inland city of Taiz and the coastal city of Aden [AFP] Houthi-run media blamed Saudi air strikes. Saudi Arabia has not commented publicly. Colonel Abdulbaset al-Bahr, deputy head of moral guidance in the government’s Taiz military command, said the kill box targets Houthi fighters.
“这个打击区域是用来消灭民兵的，并非针对平民，”他说。“公告并未要求平民离开该区域，而是让他们待在家中，远离民兵的营地、据点及军事集结地。”莫卡区政府任命的负责人苏丹·马哈茂德称，目前没有任何一条出城路线是绝对安全的，他还指责胡塞武装以平民为目标。
“The kill box is for killing the militia, not civilians,” he said. “The statement did not ask civilians to leave the kill box area. Rather it asked them to stay in their homes and keep away from the militia’s barracks, positions and military gatherings.”Sultan Mahmoud, the government-appointed director of the Mocha district, said no route out of the city was entirely safe as he accused the Houthis of targeting civilians.
当地的医疗体系几乎陷入瘫痪。胡塞武装进入该城当日，无国界医生组织（其法文缩写为MSF）表示，除莫卡综合医院外，几乎所有医疗机构都已停止运转。据该组织向《国家报》透露，这主要是因为医护人员纷纷逃离，不过仍有约30名医疗工作者留了下来。当地居民称，此后莫卡的局势进一步恶化。
Healthcare has nearly collapsed. On the day Houthi forces entered the city, Doctors Without Borders also known by its French acronym MSF, said nearly all health facilities except Mocha General Hospital had stopped functioning. This was largely because staff had fled although about 30 health workers stayed behind, MSF told The National newspaper. Residents said conditions in Mocha have since worsened.
“那些受雇于各组织的医生也停止工作了，因为发不出工资，”纳比尔说道。福阿德则称，胡塞武装对多家医院实施了安全封锁，部分医疗设备也被转移至萨那。
“Doctors who were paid by organisations have stopped working because there are no salaries,” Nabil said. Fuad said the Houthis had placed hospitals under a security cordon and some medical equipment had been moved to Sanaa.
援助物资几乎无法送达留在城中的民众手中。政府流离失所者营地管理办公室主任纳吉布·萨迪表示，他的团队无法接触到那些需要帮助的人。
Aid has barely reached those who have stayed. Najib al-Saadi, head of the government’s executive unit for displacement camps, said his unit could not reach those in need.
“肯定有一些家庭因贫困而无法逃离，”他说，并指责胡塞武装阻挠人道主义救援工作。国际红十字委员会则拒绝置评。
“It is certain that there are families who could not flee because of poverty,” he said, accusing the Houthis of blocking humanitarian work. The International Committee of the Red Cross declined to comment.
在雅赫图尔，纳比尔表示即便战事愈演愈烈，他也不会离开。“首先，钱是个问题，”他说，“而且房子也可能遭到洗劫。”本文由Egab协助发布。
In Yakhtul, Nabil said he would not leave, even if the fighting intensifies. “First, money is an obstacle,” he said. “And the house would be looted.”This story was published in collaboration with Egab