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导弹、卫星和战机——乌克兰与欧洲推进关键武器项目Missiles, satellites and warplanes — Ukraine, Europe advance key arms projects

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波兰华沙--乌克兰无人机和导弹制造商Fire Point首席执行官Iryna Terekh在今年的赫尔辛基安全论坛上表示,该公司的FP-7武器于10月1日首次用于战斗后,正在开发一种增程战术弹道导弹。

WARSAW, Poland — Ukraine’s drone and missile maker Fire Point is developing an extended-range tactical ballistic missile after its FP-7 weapon was used in combat for the first time on Oct. 1, the company’s CEO Iryna Terekh said during this year’s Helsinki Security Forum.

行业代表在周末的活动中表示,随着欧洲国家准备应对俄罗斯混合攻击加剧,国防公司正在针对不同的能力差距推销产品,欧洲和美国的生产商合作而不是孤立工作。

As European nations are bracing for intensified Russian hybrid attacks, defense companies are pitching products for different capability gaps, with European and American producers partnering rather than working in isolation, industry representatives said during the event over the weekend.

Fire Point开发了其旗舰导弹,该导弹受到总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基的赞扬,称其是泛欧Freyja反弹道导弹防御计划的一部分,该系统的原型预计将于2027年上半年准备就绪。与此同时,Terekh在论坛第一天(10月2日)的小组讨论中表示,该公司正在开发一款增程版本,将于今年发布。

Fire Point has developed its flagship missile, which has attracted praise from President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to be part of the pan-European Freyja anti-ballistic missile defense program, with the system’s prototype expected to be ready in the first half of 2027. Meanwhile, the company is working on an extended-range version that is to be released this year, Terekh said during a panel discussion on the first day of the forum, Oct. 2.

“昨天我们首次向俄罗斯领土发射弹道导弹。它是一种战术弹道导弹,最大射程为300公里。我们正在开发更长的[系列]版本,今年也将推出,”Terekh说。“作为一家私营公司,我们能够在两年内制造出这种导弹。”

“Yesterday we launched our ballistic missile onto Russian territory for the first time. It is a tactical ballistic missile for [a range of] 300 kilometers maximum. We are working on a longer [range] version that will also come this year,” Terekh said. “We were able to make this missile in two years as a private company.”

Fire Point的高管表示,这种能力对乌克兰至关重要,因为该国正在加入“一个由自己的独立弹道导弹运营商组成的VIP联盟,没有杀伤开关。我们现在不必问任何人我们是否想进行自卫。”她说,乌克兰当局已委托一家私营公司开发导弹防御计划的一个关键组成部分,因为火力点削减了官僚主义,加快了导弹射程的研发。

Fire Point’s executive said the capability is crucial for Ukraine, as the country is joining “a VIP league of operators of their own independent ballistic missiles with no kill switch. We don’t have to ask now anybody if we want to conduct self-defense.”The Ukrainian authorities have entrusted a private company with developing a key component of the missile defense program because Fire Point has slashed bureaucracy and accelerated research and development on its missile range, she said.

“此外,我们能够使它比任何”竞争对手便宜几倍,Terekh说。

“Also, we were able to make it a few times cheaper than any” competitor, Terekh said.

论坛由芬兰总统亚历山大·斯图布和摩尔多瓦总统马娅·桑杜正式揭幕。在俄罗斯对乌克兰发动全面入侵的推动下,芬兰于2023年4月加入北约。在摩尔多瓦,日益加剧的俄罗斯混合威胁以及邻国乌克兰的战争,正促使该国政府寻求与北约更紧密的合作,同时维持其宪法规定的中立地位。

The forum was officially inaugurated by Finnish President Alexander Stubb and Moldovan President Maia Sandu. Encouraged by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Finland joined NATO in April 2023. In Moldova, concern over intensifying Russian hybrid threats and the war in neighboring Ukraine is pushing the country’s government to seek closer cooperation with NATO, while maintaining its constitutionally mandated neutrality.

“今年,俄罗斯无人机已45次以上进入我国领空,其中8次发生在过去一周。上个月,俄罗斯蓄意袭击了乌克兰与摩尔多瓦接壤的边境口岸,造成两人死亡,”桑杜在10月2日与斯图布举行的联合新闻发布会上表示。“我们的应对方式是增强自身实力。我们正在投资国防空军,对军队进行现代化改造,并提高国防开支。”

“This year, Russian drones have entered our airspace more than 45 times, eight of them in the past week. Last month, Russia deliberately hit Ukraine’s border crossings with Moldova, killing two people,” Sandu said during an Oct. 2 joint press conference with Stubb. “Our answer is to grow stronger. We are investing in air defense, modernizing our Army and raising defense spending.”

在两位国家元首共同参与的专题讨论中,芬兰总统表示,俄罗斯已发起针对欧洲的混合战争行动,其目的是破坏盟国的稳定,并“确保我们不支持乌克兰”。“俄罗斯在乌克兰进行的战争是实体的、传统的战争。但它在欧洲进行的则是混合战争,而混合战争包含多种不同要素。每天都有网络攻击,还有我们在莱比锡所见的破坏行动,”斯图布说道。

During the panel discussion featuring both heads of state, the Finnish president said that Russia has embarked on a campaign of hybrid warfare directed against Europe whose aim is to destabilize allied nations and “make sure we don’t support Ukraine.”“The warfare that Russia is conducting in Ukraine is kinetic, traditional warfare. But what it is conducting in Europe is hybrid, and hybrid has many different elements. You have daily cyber attacks, you have sabotage attempts as we saw in Leipzig” Stubb said.

与此同时,10月1日,芬兰的两家公司——卫星运营商Iceye和电信设备巨头诺基亚——宣布建立新的合作伙伴关系,为政府及国防客户开发自主的卫星通信系统,提供宽带低地球轨道(LEO)卫星通信解决方案。首批卫星计划于2028年发射。

Meanwhile, on Oct. 1, two Finnish companies, satellite operator Iceye and telecoms equipment giant Nokia, unveiled their new partnership to develop sovereign satellite communications for governments and defense customers, offering broadband low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications systems. The first satellites are to be launched in 2028.

Iceye 已向包括芬兰、希腊、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙和瑞典在内的众多欧洲盟友提供雷达卫星系统,据其首席执行官 Rafal Modrzewski 称,德国于 2025 年 12 月订购的 40 颗卫星星座标志着欧洲首次在该大陆建立大型战术系统。

Iceye is already supplying radar-satellite systems to numerous European allies, including Finland, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Sweden, and Germany’s December 2025 order for a 40-satellite constellation marked the first-ever European move to create a large tactical system on the continent, according to its CEO Rafal Modrzewski.

Modrzewski 和诺基亚首席执行官 Justin Hotard 在论坛的一个小组讨论中探讨了两家公司的联合项目,表示这是为了回应各国在优先任务领域对卫星通信主权的追求。

Modrzewski and Nokia’s CEO Justin Hotard discussed their companies’ joint project during a panel discussion at the forum, saying it comes in response to nations’ drive for sovereignty in satellite communications across priority mission areas.

“缺乏竞争力就不存在主权。没有竞争力的主权就是孤立……现实情况是,正如我们在芬兰和欧洲所看到的,无论是美国还是欧洲,都无法在孤立的战争中获胜,”Hotard 说。

“Sovereignty doesn’t exist without competitiveness. Sovereignty without competitiveness is isolation … and the reality, as we see here in Finland and in Europe is that neither the U.S., nor Europe can win in a war of isolation,” Hotard said.

此外,10 月 1 日,芬兰正式接收了其向洛克希德·马丁公司订购的 64 架 F-35 战斗机中的前两架。

Also on Oct. 1, Finland formally presented the first two of the 64 F-35 fighter jets the nation has ordered from Lockheed Martin.

在赫尔辛基安全论坛的一个小组讨论中,洛克希德·马丁公司航空部门战略与业务发展副总裁 Elizabeth Parcella 表示,虽然这一举措改善了芬兰的防御态势,但也正值该公司正在扩大与当地工业合作伙伴的制造合作之际。

At a Helsinki Security Forum panel, Elizabeth Parcella, the vice president for Strategy and Business Development for Aeronautics at Lockheed Martin, said that, while the move improves Finland’s defense posture, it also comes as the company is expanding its manufacturing collaboration with local industry partners.

“Patria 是我们的关键合作伙伴。他们开始制造飞机的前机身。他们还与我们的发动机供应商普惠公司合作,”Parcella 说。“加上其他欧洲制造商,未来每架 F-35 约 25% 的价值将在欧洲生产。”

“Patria is a key partner with us. They are starting to manufacture the forward fuselage of the aircraft. They are also partnered with our engine provider, Pratt & Whitney,” Parcella said. “And, together with other European manufacturers, about 25 percent of the value of every F-35 will be produced in Europe moving forward.”

Patria 首席执行官 Panu Routila 在小组发言中提到,上周授予的一份向芬兰和瑞典提供首批 Trackx 轻型装甲运兵车的合同,是欧洲国家共同合作填补能力缺口的一个例证。

In his remarks during a panel, Panu Routila, the CEO of Patria, referred to last week’s award of a contract to supply the first Trackx light armored personnel carriers to Finland and Sweden as an example of how European nations work together to fill their capability gaps.

其中一个例子是“Trackx”,即我们的履带式车辆。实际上,由于对北极地区机动性以及极端恶劣条件下机动性的需求,我们仅用三年时间就开始了它的研发。如今,这款车辆已经准备就绪,”Routila说道。

One example “is Trackx, our tracked vehicle, which we started developing just three years ago, actually, because of the demand for Arctic mobility, mobility in very difficult conditions. And this is a vehicle that is now ready,” Routila said. Deliveries of the vehicles are to commence in 2027, Patria said in a statement.

Patria在一份声明中表示,这些车辆将于2027年开始交付。

声明称:“交付完成后,两国都将开展国家级的实地测试与评估,以检验这些车辆是否适合投入作战使用。此外,部分测试预计将由两国联合进行。”

“Following delivery, both countries will conduct national field trials and evaluations to assess the vehicles’ suitability for operational use. In addition, part of the testing is expected to be conducted jointly between the nations,” the statement said.