自2022年俄罗斯全面入侵以来，乌克兰的铁路系统一直支撑着国家的运转。然而，袭击正愈演愈烈。据该国国有铁路运营商称，自战争爆发以来，针对火车头的所有袭击中，超过一半都发生在今年。
Ukraine's railways have kept the country running since Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022. But attacks are intensifying, with more than half of all strikes on locomotives since then occurring this year alone, according to the state-owned operator.
27岁的尤利娅·波诺马连科是来自哈尔科夫的一名营销专家。上个月，她前往华沙的旅程在接近乌克兰与波兰边境时突然中断。
Yuliia Ponomarenko, 27, a marketing specialist from Kharkiv, found her journey to Warsaw last month suddenly interrupted just short of the Ukraine-Poland frontier. "The border guards started running around and shouting "Run! Get out of the carriages!
“边防人员开始四处奔跑，并大声喊道：‘快跑！离开车厢！有炮击！’当时，一架俄罗斯无人机刚刚击中了附近边境的一列火车头，而一辆载有英国前首相鲍里斯·约翰逊和其他欧洲政要的特列则几分钟前刚刚经过。”
There's shelling!" A Russian drone had just hit a locomotive near the same border and a special train carrying former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and other European dignitaries, had passed through minutes before.
尤利娅表示，她所在列车的乘客被迫等待了六个小时，直到前方的火灾被扑灭、线路被清理。“我们真的很幸运，因为列车稍微晚了一点，所以没被波及。”随着空袭警报在远离东部战场的地区引发紧急疏散，像她这样遭遇行程中断和长时间延误的乌克兰乘客正越来越多。
Passengers on Yuliia's train were kept waiting for six hours while the fire up ahead was put out and the line cleared, she says: "We were really lucky that we were delayed a little and it wasn't our train." She is among an increasing number of Ukrainian passengers facing disruption and long delays, as air raid alerts trigger emergency evacuations far from the battlegrounds of the east.
乌克兰国有铁路运营商“乌克兰铁路”周一告诉法新社，仅9月份，就有5831列火车因俄罗斯无人机袭击而被迫疏散。这意味着平均每天有205列火车被停运。
In September alone, 5,831 trains had to be evacuated due to Russian drone attacks, state owned railway operator Ukrzaliznytsia told AFP news agency on Monday. This meant on average each day, 205 trains were stopped.
这似乎是一场针对乌克兰基础设施的更广泛袭击的一部分。过去几天，基辅有两座桥梁遭到攻击，一列地铁列车的乘客也遭遇袭击。
It appears to be part of a wider assault on Ukraine's infrastructure, with two bridges attacked in Kyiv in the past few days and passengers of a metro train caught up in one of the strikes.
17岁的阿纳斯塔西娅·里夫巴尔琴科也曾经历了一次死里逃生的经历。
Seventeen-year-old Anastasiia Ryvbalchenko has also experienced a narrow escape.
9月16日，在从敖德萨前往基洛夫格勒的长途旅程即将结束时，她和同车乘客被迫在凌晨4点离开火车。
She and her fellow passengers were forced to leave their train at 4am, towards the end of a long of a journey from Odesa to Kirovohrad on 16 September.
“在去敖德萨的路上，就已经有过多次疏散，现在返程时又发生了，”她说。“我当时已经想，要是再有一次疏散，我真的就承受不了了。”一个半小时后，当乘客们还在黑暗中等待时，一架无人机在附近发动了袭击。
"On my way to Odesa, there had been a lot of evacuations and now on my way back it was happening again," she says. "I was already thinking that if there was another evacuation, I just couldn't take it any more." An hour and a half later, as passengers waited in the dark, a drone struck nearby.
“当时发生了极其剧烈的爆炸，所有人都开始往树林里跑，”她说。
"There was an extremely loud explosion and everyone started running into the woods," she said.
目前尚不清楚袭击的目标是什么，而且这次火车并未受损。但随着更多爆炸在夜空中亮起，阿纳斯塔西娅决定不再停留，继续步行前行，直到父母来接她。“我以后再也不坐火车旅行了，”她说。
It is not clear what the target was, and in this case the train was not damaged, but with further explosions lighting up the night sky, Anastasiia decided not to linger, continuing her journey on foot before being picked up by her parents. "I'm not going to travel by train anymore," she says.
阿纳斯塔西娅的旅程比大多数人的经历都更加惊心动魄，但如今，无论是短暂的延误还是持续数小时的延误，都已司空见惯。
Anastassia's journey was more dramatic than most, but delays – some brief, others that last for hours – are now commonplace.
自2025年底俄罗斯无人机开始首次袭击运行中的客运列车以来，乘客的日常流程变得愈发熟悉：离开火车，在Telegram频道上浏览无人机和导弹发射的最新消息，然后发消息提醒亲朋好友火车晚点了。
Since Russian drones first started attacking moving passenger trains towards the end of 2025, the routine for passengers has become increasingly familiar: leave the train, scroll Telegram channels for updates on drone and missile launches, send messages to warn friends and family that the train is delayed.
对于一家以准点率自豪的铁路公司来说，今年被打乱的运行时刻表构成了巨大挑战。
For a railway company proud of its record for punctuality, this year's disrupted schedule is posing a major challenge.
“我们过去常说，在战争时期，我们的表现甚至比欧洲一些和平时期运营的铁路还要好，”铁路运营商乌克兰铁路公司（Ukrzaliznytsia）的负责人奥列克桑德·佩尔茨奥夫斯基（Oleksandr Pertsovskyi）告诉我们。
"We used to say that that during times of war we performed better than some railways in Europe in regular times,"the head of rail operator Ukrzaliznytsia, Oleksandr Pertsovskyi, told us.
“但现在，乘客和员工的生命安全已成为我们的最高优先事项。”俄罗斯国防部否认将乌克兰平民作为袭击目标，并称其对铁路的袭击针对的是用于运输军事人员和装备的基础设施。
"But now the life of our passengers and crew members is the utmost priority." Russia's defence ministry denies targeting Ukrainian civilians and says its attacks on railways target the infrastructure used to transport military personnel and equipment.
然而，危险是真实存在的。针对乌克兰铁路公司列车和车站的袭击已急剧增加。
The dangers are very real. Attacks on Ukrzaliznytsia's rolling stock and stations have risen sharply.
根据该公司发布的统计数据，自俄罗斯全面入侵开始以来，已有521列机车遭到袭击，其中近60%发生在今年。总体而言，对铁路设施的袭击次数从2025年的1,206次增加到了今年迄今的1,700次。
Of the 521 locomotives hit since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion, almost 60% have been this year, according to statistics released by the company. Overall attacks on railway facilities have risen from 1,206 in 2025 to 1,700 so far this year.
“最近一轮局势升级以及对铁路系统的实际战争正变得极其激烈，”佩尔茨夫斯基说道。
"The latest wave of escalation and real war with railways is becoming extremely intense," said Pertsovskyi.
“这是他们的‘沙赫德’无人机的致命威力与精准度的结合——借助摄像头和网状网络，它们能够击中移动目标。”佩尔茨夫斯基表示，俄罗斯近期的一些无人机还配备了人工智能工具和图像识别技术。乌克兰显然对如何应对这一日益复杂的威胁持谨慎态度，但通过电子手段干扰无人机的连接能力已被列为优先措施之一。“不幸的是，这始终是一场猫鼠游戏，”他说。
"It's a combination of the deadly force of their shahed drones and precision that they achieve with cameras and mesh networks so they can hit moving targets." According to Pertsovskyi, some of Russia's most recent drones are equipped with AI tools and image recognition. Ukraine is understandably cagey about how it goes about confronting this increasingly sophisticated threat, but electronic methods to disrupt the drones' connectivity are high on the list. "Unfortunately, this is always a cat-and-mouse game," he said.
我们难得有机会进入基辅的一个地下掩体，它被恰如其分地命名为“钢铁指挥中心”，铁路员工在这里实时监控各种威胁。
re given rare access to an underground bunker in Kyiv, dubbed – appropriately enough – the "Iron Command Centre", where railway staff monitor threats in real time.
在一块巨大的视频屏幕上，可以看到按颜色编码的客运列车和货运列车沿着乌克兰庞大铁路网的动脉线路运行。
e huge video screen, colour-coded passenger and freight trains could be seen making their way along the arteries of Ukraine's vast railway network.
我们注意到，一个代表无人机的红色图标出现在基辅上空，一度几乎就在我们头顶盘旋。
We watched as a red icon representing a drone appeared to loiter over Kyiv, practically above our heads at one point.
每个无人机周围都有一个100公里（62英里）的圆形范围。任何处于该范围内的客运列车都已被疏散，乘客在列车驶出该范围且无人机仍在远离时，才允许重新登车。
Each drone had a 100km (62-mile) circle around it. Any passenger trains inside the circle would already have been evacuated, with customers not allowed to reboard until the train was outside the circle and the drone was still moving away.
“我们的任务是确保列车和乘务人员不会处于直接攻击区域内，”佩尔茨夫斯基说。
"Our mission is not to let our train or our crew members be in that immediate attack area," Pertsovskyi said.
该公司的预防措施似乎使伤亡人数保持在较低水平。其2026年的数据显示，共有八名公司员工丧生，其中六人是在一枚弹道导弹击中基辅的一处机车车库时遇难。
The company's precautions appear to have kept casualties low. Its figures for 2026 show that eight company employees have been killed, six of them when a ballistic missile struck a locomotive depot in Kyiv.
在我们访问“铁之指挥部”期间，基辅再次响起空袭警报。据我们了解，该市的主要火车站正在疏散。
During our visit to Iron Command, another air raid siren sounded in Kyiv. The city's main railway station, we were told, was being evacuated.
在随后对这座繁忙车站的探访中，我们发现乘客们要么在主入口外等待，要么躲进地下通道。广播系统不断播报着列车持续延误的消息。所有人都知道，未来几个月可能是迄今为止最艰难的时期之一。
On a later visit to the busy station, we found passengers waiting outside the main entrance or sheltering in underground passageways. Over the tannoy came news of steady stream of delays. Everyone knows the coming months could be among the most difficult yet.
随着冬季临近，乌克兰铁路公司（Ukrzaliznytsia）已经开始研究如何在室外温度可能降至零下20摄氏度甚至更低、地面积雪厚重的情况下应对疏散工作。
With winter not far off, Ukrzaliznytsia is already figuring out how to deal with evacuations when the outside temperature can reach -20C or below and snow is lying heavy on the ground.
除了国际捐助者，该公司还在为疏散过于频繁的地区准备冬季疏散包、移动避难所和巴士服务。
Along with international donors, the company is preparing winter evacuation packs, mobile shelters and bus services in areas where evacuations become too frequent.
“我们或许会成为一个略有不同的铁路系统，一个被重新塑造的铁路系统，”佩尔茨科夫斯基说，“但无论发生什么——无论是冬季还是夏季，无论敌人如何猛烈攻击我们——我们都会继续连接这个国家。”额外报道：阿纳斯塔西娅·列夫琴科
"We might be a slightly different railway, a reinvented railway," Pertsovskyi said. "But we'll keep connecting the country, no matter what, be it winter, be it summer, no matter how hard the enemy hits us." Extra reporting by Anastasiia Levchenko